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UNIT 10. LESSON 2

Exercise 1. Запомните чтение согласных буквосочетаний:

physics, photo; guide, guidance; brick, black; know, knowledge; write, wrong; quality, quantity; science, scientific, scope, scale; rhythm, rhombus; pneumatics, pseudo, psychology, receipt; gnome, gnat; what, where, why, whisper, who, whose, whole; thank, thing, path, these, there, bathe, smoothe.

Exercise 2. Переведите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом.

1. All the work being done, the students went home. 2. All the problems having been solved, they stopped the discussion. 3. The experiment having been made, everybody was interested in the results. 4. Some personal computers having been installed in the new laboratory, many experiments were improved. 5. The engineer having come, the experiment began. 6. The professor spoke on the development of computers, the lecture being illustrated by diagrams. 7. A series of attempts having been made, he came to a successful solution of the problem. 8. The computer is a complex device, some of its circuits being extremely small. 9. The professor came into the lecture hall, the students following him. 10. All the data having been fed, the computer started processing.

Exercise 3. Сравните причастные обороты.

A.1. The automatic systems being used, the process was performed without human intervention. 2. Using the automatic systems we can perform the process without any intervention. 3. Special-purpose computers having been applied in the research, scientists developed a new branch of technology. 4. Having applied special-purpose computers scientists developed a new branch of technology. 5. The automatic controls being employed, man was relieved of many monotonous activities. 6. Employing the automatic controls man could devote his abilities to another occupation. 7. Control systems having rapidly advanced in significance, new applications for them are continually being discovered. 8. Having been rapidly advanced in significance control systems are constantly finding new applications. 9. An elaborate automatic controls operating the engine of a modern jet airplane, the pilot is free to fly the plane. 10. Operating the engine of a modern plane the control system helps the pilot to fly the plane freely.

B.1. We saw him studying in the library. 2. He was seen studying in the library. 3. They think us preparing the experiment. 4. We are thought as preparing the experiment.

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Запомните следующие слова.

	ACTIVE VOCABULARY
attract	[q'trxkt]	привлекать
attention	[q'tenSn]	внимание
imagine	[I'mxdZIn]	представлять
stage	[steidZ]	стадия
exist	[Ig'zist]	существовать
enterprise	['entqpraiz]	предприятие
remote	[rI'mout]	удаленный, дистанционный
watch	[wOtS]	наблюдение
constant	['kOnstqnt]	постоянный
presence	['prezqns]	присутствие
instrument	['instrumqnt]	прибор, средство
mechanism	['mekqnIzm]	аппарат, устройство
production	[prq'dAkSn]	производство
machinery	[mq'SJnqri]	машинное оборудование
reliable	[rI'laiqbl]	надежный
regulator	['regjuleitq]	регулятор
skilled	['skild]	квалифицированный
technology	[tek'nOlqdZI]	техника, технология
industrial	[in'dAstriql]	промышленный
development	[dI'velqpmqnt]	развитие, разработка
manufacture	[,mxnju'fxktSq]	производство, производить
especially	[Is'peSqlI]	особенно
all-round	['Ll'raund]	всесторонний, полный
improvement	[Im'prHvmqnt]	улучшение
condition	[kqn'diSn]	условие
grow	[grou]	расти, увеличиваться
trend	[trend]	тенденция
construction	[kqn'strAkSn]	строительство
vital	['vaitql]	жизненный
necessity	[nI'sesItI]	необходимость

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Exercise 4. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова:

stage, mechanization, hydroelectric, constant, turbine, start, stop, mechanism, regulator, cultured, metallurgy, metallurgical, construction, class, classification, planet, react, reaction, reactive, million, milliard, module, local, locate, location.

Прочитайте текст и переведите его со словарем.

10A. AUTOMATION IN THE MODERN WORLD

The growing importance of automatic equipment and processing in industry attracts world-wide attention. In our days one cannot imagine technical progress without automation, which is the highest stage of mechanization.

There exist many almost fully automatic enterprises: power stations with remote control, chemical plants where men have only to keep watch over automatic units. Take, for example, hydroelectric stations which are controlled by only a few men.

Some hydroelectric power plants have such mechanization that they do not require the constant presence of man at all. Instruments automatically start and stop the turbines, send the power to the consumer, regulate the water input.

There are several automatic systems at present which use different techniques. But in each case mechanisms perform the process of production and the human operator has only to control the operation of processes. In some kinds of work automatic machinery is more accurate and reliable than human workers.

The worker in the plant with modern automatic equipment is to regulate the production process and to control the machines. But the operation of "thinking" machines, the latest modern equipment and automatic regulators requires highly skilled, cultured people with good knowledge of technology.

Automation of all industrial processes is of great importance at today's stage of the development of engineering. It has already been introduced in various branches of industry for automatic manufacture of different goods.

In metallurgy automation finds an especially wide field of application. In metallurgy all-round automation makes it possible not only to regulate processes automatically, but also to introduce remote control. This is especially important for the improvement of labour conditions of workers in the metallurgical industry.

The number of automatic plants grows and will continue to grow. Such is the general trend of modern engineering. The construction of more and more automatic enterprises is a vital necessity today.

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Exercise 5. Прочтите следующие слова:

instrument, enterprise, mechanism, machinery, manufacture, improvement, vital, reliable, especially, production, cultured.

Exercise 6. Найдите в тексте английский эквивалент.

Растущее значение, привлекать внимание во всем мире, нельзя представить, наивысшая стадия, полностью автоматизированный, следить за приборами, совсем не требуется, в каждом случае, приходится только контролировать, в некоторых видах работы, образованные люди, высококвалифицированные работники, основная тенденция, жизненная необходимость.

Exercise 7. Закончите предложения.

1. One cannot imagine ... . 2. There exist many almost ... . 3. Some power plants do not require ... . 4. Instruments automatically ... . 5. Mechanisms perform the process ... .

6. Automatic machinery is more ... . 7. The worker is to ... . 8. Automation of all industrial processes is of ... . 9. All-round automation makes it possible to introduce ... .

10. The general trend of modern engineering is ... .

Exercise 8. Найдите пары синонимов:

opportunity, to deal with, requirement, great, since, possibility, energy, demand, to guide, for, immense, power, to consider, to lead.

Exercise 9. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What attracts world-wide attention nowadays? 2. What is automation? 3. What kinds of enterprises are being almost fully automated? 4. How do automatic instruments work in a hydroelectric power plant? 5. What is the worker's function in the plant with automatic equipment? 6. What does the operation of 'thinking' machines require? 7. Where has automation of industrial processes already been applied? 8. What is the role of automation in metallurgy? 9. Why is remote control so important in the metallurgical industry? 10. What is the general trend of modern engineering?

Exercise 10. Переведите следующие слова:

subdivide, subsection; extraplanetary, extrascientific; ultra-short, ultra-formal; transform, transoceanic; supersensitive, supersonic; underground, understudy; overstudy, overload; outnumber, outplay.

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Exercise 11. Переведите предложения c независимым причастным оборотом.

1. Working with this digital machine he made many calculations, the results giving correct answers. 2. There are two tables in this paper, one of them holding the initial data. 3. The memory is divided into some registers, each of them holding one number. 4. This amplifier being a good device, we used it for our research work. 5. The analog machine consisted of five main parts, one of them being the input. 6. These digital computers are electronic machines, each of them consisting of millions of circuits. 7. The engineer applying a new method of computing, good results were achieved. 8. The computer performs complicated calculations, the output unit producing final answers. 9. A device printing information on paper, the form of an output is readily understood. 10. The importance of processing growing, it attracts world-wide attention. 11. Mechanisms perform the process of production, the operator having only to control the operation of processes. 12. Power plants having been automated, the presence of man is not required. 13. All-round automation making it possible to introduce remote control, the labour conditions are improved. 14. The number of automatic plants will continue to grow, this being the trend of modern engineering. 15. Our age demanding rapid advance in engineering, new uses for automatic control are being discovered.

Exercise 12. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на -s и -ed.

1. McCarthy's invention is LISP. 2. He lectures on programming. 3. Professor Brown's lectures are always listened to with interest. 4. His studies were very important. 5. Great advances have taken place in information science since the invention of a computer. 6. The transistor's form depends on its use. 7. Among the University graduates you will find computer operators, programmers, experts on automation and informatics, control engineers and other specialists. 8. The machine-tool used was equipped with the numerical control. 9. Automation coordinated with other phases of technology has greatly contributed to production. 10. There are things without which a computer wouldn't have existed at all. 11. Advanced automation exceeded the limits of technology. 12. With computerized numerical control being widely used, the production becomes more effective. 13. Software was introduced by this programmer. 14. The manufacture operated by a computer is becoming more conventional in the modern world. 15. Computer designers created new hardware.