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UNIT 14. LESSON 1

OBJECTIVE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

(ОБЪЕКТНЫЙ ИНФИНИТИВНЫЙ ОБОРОТ - сложное дополнение)

Англ.предл.: Подлежащее + сказуемое + именная часть + инфинитив (сложное дополнение)

Рус.предл.: Подлежащее + сказуемое, что/чтобы/как придаточное предложение

Состоит из именной части(существительное или местоимение в объектном падеже) и инфинитива. Переводится придаточным предложением.

После глаголов предположения, желания, приказания, разрешения (to suppose, to assume, to consider, to think, to expect, to believe, to want, to wish, to like) инфинитив употребляется с частицей to (см. с.201).

The teacher wanted them to translate this text.

Преподаватель хотел, чтобы они перевели этот текст.

После глаголов чувственного восприятия (to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to notice)

иглагола to make (заставлять) частица to не употребляется (см. с.201). I saw her play the guitar. Я видел, как она играет на гитаре.

The teacher made us read. Учитель заставил нас читать.

ИНФИНИТИВНЫЙ ОБОРОТ С ПРЕДЛОГОМ for

Перед именной частью стоит предлогfor; переводится придаточным предложением с союзом 'чтобы' или неопределенной формой глагола.

The most important thing is for the apparatus to function properly.

Самое важное - чтобы аппаратура работала нормально.

SUBJECTIVE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

(СУБЪЕКТНЫЙ ИНФИНИТИВНЫЙ ОБОРОТ - сложное подлежащее)

Англ.предл.: Подлежащее + сказуемое + инфинитив \сложное подлежащее/

Рус.предл. : Сказуемое, что + придаточное предложение

Состоит из именной части(существительное или местоимение) и инфинитива. Сказуемое выражено:

1)глаголом в Passive: (is said, is known, is supposed, is found, is considered, is believed, is reported, etc.);

2)глаголом в Active: to seem, to appear, to prove, to turn out, to happen, to chance;

3)сочетанием: to be likely (вероятно), to be unlikely (маловероятно), to be sure, to be certain (несомненно) (см. с.201) .

Перевод: сказуемое (говорят, известно, кажется, вероятно...), союз "что" и

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придаточное предложение, или простое предложение с вводным словом.

He is known to read. Известно, что он читает. = Он, как известно, читает.

Exercise 1. Найдите сложное дополнение и переведите предложения.

1. He wants the assistant to test a new device. 2. We know gravity to act on every particle of the body. 3. I want you to understand this process. 4. The experiments have shown the apparatus to function properly. 5. He made the students repeat the experiment. 6. We supposed all the details of the plan to have been explained to you. 7. The chemist observed the body expand. 8. We heard the scientist make a report on space flights. 9. The engineer supposed the test to have been carried out. 10. The professor made us prepare the task. 11. She felt somebody look at her. 12. The dean wanted me to come.

Exercise 2. Отметьте номера предложений со сложным дополнением.

1. I want to invite you to the concert. 2. I want you to invite me to the concert. 3. We know the device to have been designed. 4. They attend English classes to have some practice. 5. I expected my friend to write a report in time. 6. The teacher made the students read the text again. 7. The engineer supposed to come early. 8. He supposed the device to operate well. 9. I heard him speak about new research. 10. My father wanted me to become an engineer.

Exercise 3. Переведите предложения с объектным инфинитивным оборотом.

1. We supposed the research to have been completed. 2. I know him to be working at his diploma project now. 3. We saw the taxi stop near the University. 4. I didn't know him to have returned from his business trip. 5. I want him to be told about it. 6. Nobody noticed her leave the room. 7. We believed the student to have finished his experiment successfully. 8. The teacher wanted the rule to be remembered. 9. He heard me speak over the phone. 10. I was told of them to have travelled to various countries.

Exercise 4. Переведите предложения, в которых есть оборот с предлогом for.

1. He brought all the materials necessary for the students to go on with the experiment. 2. Everybody waited for the train to come. 3. The first thing for me to do is to start the experiment. 4. It is for you to decide which of the two methods to use. 5. Microscopes make it possible for us to see very small objects. 6. It was late for us to begin discussing this question. 7. For the reaction to start it is necessary to heat the apparatus. 8. Was the question too difficult for her to answer? 9. It's for me to decide to come or not to come. 10. It is time for him to start studying.

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Exercise 5. Найдите сложное подлежащее и переведите предложения.

1. They are considered to have written the article. 2. The newspapers are known to be brought in the morning. 3. He is said to have a large collection of books. 4. The experiment is supposed to be a success. 5. He proved to be an excellent worker. 6. She appeared to be surprised at the news. 7. They seem to be working in the lab. 8. He is sure to make a good report. 9. This question is likely to be discussed at the conference. 10. We are unlikely to meet him here.

Exercise 6. Отметьте номера предложений со сложным подлежащим.

1. Everybody knows all matter to be composed of molecules. 2. Some buildings are planned to be built in our city. 3. The engineer was asked to design a new device. 4. The expedition is expected to be organized next year. 5. The application of this device is unlikely to give better results. 6. They hoped to be sent on an expedition. 7. He proved to be an inventive engineer. 8. The student proved the theorem in a few minutes. 9. She is certain to come today. 10. My father seemed to be reading a magazine when I came. 11. They are unlikely to complete the experiment tomorrow.

Exercise 7. Переведите предложения с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом.

1.The engineer was expected to come in time. 2. He proved to be a good sportsman.

3.This event is said to have taken place recently. 4. Vitberg, a Russian architect, is known to have constructed many beautiful buildings. 5. The book seems to have been translated into many languages. 6. The device proved to be of a new type. 7. He seemed to be ill. 8. The professor is supposed to deliver a lecture tomorrow. 9. The conference is sure to have opened. 10. He is certain to study at the University.

Exercise 8. Переведите словосочетания с инфинитивом.

1. To do the work in time is ... 2. To do the work in time it is necessary... 3. The work to be done is ... 4. The work to do is ... 5. He wants to do the work ... 6. He is able to do the work... 7. They want the work to be done ... 8. The work is sure to be done ...

9. He was the first to do the work ... 10. The work is too hard to be done ... 11. He is reported to do the work ... 12. He must do the work ... 13. The work proved to be done

... 14. We saw him do the work ... 15. The work is easy enough to be done ...

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ЛАТИНСКИЕ И АНГЛИЙСКИЕ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ

etc. et cetera - and so on	C - Centigrade
i.e. id est - that is	F - Fahrenheit
viz videlicet - namely	no - number
vs. - versus	p.(pp.) - page(s)
via - through	fig. - figure
e.g. exempli gratia - for example	in - inch
vice versa - on the contrary	sq in - square inch
A.D. - anno domini	ft - foot (feet)
B.C. - before Christ	lb - libra
a.m. ante meridium - in the morning	m - meter
p.m. post meridium - in the afternoon	g - gram

Exercise 9. Прочтите и переведите предложения.

1. The standard diskette size is 3.5 in. 2. I'll phone you at 5 p.m. 3. It was Dynamo vs. Spartak football match. 4. The heart of a computer is CPU, i.e. central processing unit. 5. He finished school No 22. 6. You can see the process shown in fig.12 p.96. 7. The temperature tomorrow will be 20ºC. 8. The Olympic Games started in 776 B.C. 9. Ben Nevis is 4,406 ft high. 10. We study mathematics, physics, informatics, etc.

				ДВОЙНЫЕ СОЮЗЫ
both ...	and	как ...	так и (и...	и)	neither ...	nor	ни ... ни
either ...	or	или ...	или		not only ...	but also	не только ... но и

НАРЕЧИЯ too, enough

Употребляются с прилагательными и наречиями противоположного значения: too - слишком, not enough - не достаточно.

Exercise 10. Переведите предложения.

1. Franklin is known both as a scientist and as a political leader. 2. They were either in the office or in the lab. 3. Neither he nor I know French. 4. She speaks not only English but also Japanese. 5. Both the calculation and the result processing will be finished in time. 6. I'll leave either tonight or tomorrow. 7. I could find him neither at home nor at work. 8. You can get to that place not only by bus but also by underground. 9. The electrical kettle was too hot to touch. 10. The electrical iron was not cool enough to touch. 11. This work is too dull for me. 12. The task is not interesting enough for me.

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ИНТОНАЦИЯ

Основные компоненты интонации - фразовое ударение и тон.

Фразовое ударение в обычной речи не падает на личные, притяжательные и

указательные	местоимения, глаголы-связки,				вспомогательные		и	модальные
глаголы, артикли, предлоги, союзы и частицы.
I have 'come to 'Moscow to 'enter the			'Institute.
Путем членения простого предложения на						отдельные	смысловые груп
выделяют группы: 1)		подлежащего	с зависимыми словами; 2) сказуемого с
дополнением; 3) определения с определяемым словом; 4) обстоятельства в начале
предложения. Выделяется два основных тона - восходящий ( / ) и нисходящий ( \
). Восходящий	тон	употребляется	в	общих		вопросах и		незаконченных
смысловом отношении синтагмах.
'Do you 'speak	Russian?		This 'old 'friend of mine | is a				cook.
At ten | he is 'always at work.			'Nick is a boss | and 'Ann's a				clerk.
'Do you 'speak	Russian or French?		She is a		pupil,	isn't she?
These are a pen, a book and a box.			As a	rule, | I am at 'home at			five.
Нисходящий тон используется в повествовательных предложениях, специ-альных
вопросах, второй части альтернативных вопросов, первой части разделительных
вопросов.
He 'goes to school.			'Where do you			live?
'Do you 'study	English or French?		You're a student, aren't you?

	СОСТАВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОГИ
according to согласно	in addition to кроме	instead of вместо
because of из-за	as far as до	on account of вследствие
by means of посредством	in order to чтобы	owing to из-за, благодаря
due to, thanks to благодаря	in spite of несмотря на	in front of перед

Exercise 11. Переведите предложения.

1. According to the information received by us the exhibition will open tomorrow. 2. We didn't do the task because of the lack of dictionaries. 3. All the calculations were made by means of computer. 4. He achieved good results due to his hard work. 5. He could not go to work in the North on account of his poor health. 6. In addition to the oral examination they are given a written test. 7. The bus stop is just in front of my house. 8. I went to the post office in order to send a telegram. 9. I went to the stadium in spite of the rain. 10. May I go there tomorrow instead of today? 11. He walked down the street as far as the bank.