- •Развитие навыков чтения и устной речи по английскому языку
- •1.Rules of reading
- •§1. Чтение гласных букв в английском языке
- •§ 2. Чтение некоторых букв и буквосочетаний
- •2.Тне noun (имя существительное)
- •Выражение падежных отношений с помощью предлогов
- •Self - training exercises
- •3.Тне article (артикль)
- •Употребление определенного артикля (the use of definite article)
- •Machine tools
- •4.The pronoun (местоимение)
- •5. The numeral (имя числительное)
- •6.The adjective (имя прилагательное)
- •7.Тне verb (глагол)
- •Спряжение глагола то have
- •Основные случаи употребления глагола "to have".
- •8.Construction there is /there are (оборот there is /there are)
- •Self - training exercises
- •9. English word-order (порядок слов в английских предложениях)
- •10. The english questions (порядок слов в вопросительных предложениях)
- •Self - training exercises
- •Measuring temperature
- •11. Indefinite tenses (неопределенное время)
- •12. Continuous tenses (продолженное временя)
- •Self-training exercises
- •2. Put the verb in brackets into the Present, Past or Future Continuous Tenses.
- •13. Perfect tenses (совершенное время)
- •Self-training exercises
- •Hydrogen-source of power
- •14. Modal verbs / модальные глаголы или недостаточные глаголы
- •A modern office
- •16. Согласование времен (sequence of tenses)
- •Self-training exercises
- •18.Причастие (the participle)
- •Функции причастия в предложении
- •Причастные конструкции
- •Machine technologist
- •19.Герундий (the gerund)
- •Функции герундия в предложении и способы его перевода на русский язык
- •Self-training exercises
- •20.Наклонение (the mood)
- •Self-training exercises
- •Basic engineering processes
- •12. Прочтите предложения, переведите их, обращая вни мание на форму и залог глаголов - сказуемых:
- •Содержание
11. Indefinite tenses (неопределенное время)
Глаголы в английском языке имеют четыре формы: инфинитив (Infinitive), прошедшее неопределенное время (Past Indefinite) и причастия, настоящего и прошедшего времени (Participle I, Participle II или Present, Past Participles).
Таблица 15
Infinitive |
Past Indefinite |
Participle II |
Participle I |
to ask to qo |
asked went |
asked gone |
asking going |
Все английские глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные (Regular and Irregular Verbs). Правильные глаголы образуют формы Past Indefinite and Participle II путем добавления суффикса -ed к основе глагола: to stop — stopped — stopped.
Формы неправильных глаголов следует заучивать: to write — wrote — written (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов)
В английском языке имеется четыре группы времен: Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous, которые образуют двенадцать временных форм.
Времена группы Indefinite обозначают обычное, регулярное, повторяющееся действие, либо указывают на сам факт его совершения в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем.
С временами группы Indefinite обычно употребляются следующие словосочетания:
Present Indefinite: often, seldom, always, usually, regularly, every day, sometimes, as a rule.
Past Indefinite: yesterday, last week (month, year), the day be fore yesterday, ago.
3. Future Indefinite: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week (month, year), in a day (week, month).
Future Indefinite не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов if, when, before, after, as soon us, till, until. В этих предложениях вместо Future Indefinite употребляется Present Indefinite. На русский язык переводится будущим временем. Например:
I shall enter the University when I finish school. Я поступлю в университет, когда закончу школу.
Таблица 16
|
|
Present |
|
Past |
|
Future |
Affirmative |
I |
|
I |
|
I |
shall work |
We |
|
We |
|
We |
| |
You |
work |
You |
worked |
You |
| |
They |
|
They |
|
They |
will work | |
He |
|
He |
|
He |
| |
She |
works |
She |
worked |
She |
will work | |
It |
|
It |
|
It |
| |
Negative |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
shall not (shan't) |
We |
do not |
We |
did not |
We |
work | |
You |
(don't) work |
You |
(didn't) |
You |
will not (won't) | |
They |
|
They |
work |
They |
work | |
He |
does not |
He |
did not |
He |
will not | |
She |
(doesn't) |
She |
(didn't) |
She |
(won't) | |
It |
work |
It |
work |
It |
work | |
Interrogative |
|
1 |
|
I |
Shall |
1 work? |
|
we |
|
we |
|
we | |
Do |
you work? |
Did |
you work? |
|
you | |
|
they |
|
they |
Will |
they work? | |
|
he |
|
he |
|
he | |
Does |
she work? |
Did |
she work? |
Will |
she work? | |
|
it |
|
it |
|
it |
SELF - TRAINING EXERCISES
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present, Past, Future Indefinite Tenses
A. 1. We always (to consult) a dictionary when we (to translate) texts. 2. We (to take part) in a sport competition last Sunday. 3. My friend (to pass) entrance examinations to the University last month. 4. He (to study) at the evening department. 5. He (to graduate) from the University in six years and will become an engineer. 6. The students (to come) to the lectures every day. 7.We (not to go) to the country this Sunday.
B. 1. When he (to graduate) from the University, he will become a good specialist. 2. If you (to prepare) the report in time, you will take part in the conference. 3. When I (to be) 18, I (to take part) in the elections. 4. We (revise) the rules in some days. 5. If you (to come) to the lecture, you will learn many interesting things.
2. Answer the following questions:
Where do you study?
What school did you finish?
Where does your friend study?
When will you pass your examinations?
Do you often see your school - friends?
3. Translate into English.
Завтра у нас будет два семинара.
Студенты нашей группы сделают интересные доклады.
В прошлом месяце они обсуждали план будущего эксперимента.
4. Я не участвовал в обсуждении.
Он хорошо сдал экзамены и поступил в МГТУ.
Если вы выучите новые слова, вы поймете этот текст.
После лекции она часто ходит в библиотеку.
Мы не сдадим хорошо экзамен, если не будем усердно работать.
Они знают твой адрес?
Когда мой отец закончил университет, он стал хорошим специалистом.
4. Read and translate the text.
HOW DO YOU DO? NICE TO MEET YOU!
We have a meeting at four (o'clock) in our office. At ten (minutes) after three I arrive at Mr. Johnson's hotel. He's in the lobby already. He doesn't want to be late, but the office isn't very far from the hotel. Where is it? It's on a small street off Nevsky Prospect. So we're not going to take a taxi. We're going to walk to the office. Mr. Johnson says (that) he wants to see the city. He says (that) it's beautiful. He likes it very much. On the way to the office I show him the sights and tell him about my job. I specialize in metallurgical equipment.
We work Monday through Friday. We don't work on weekends. Our office hours are from 9:00 (nine) a.m. to 5:30 (five-thirty) p.m. Our lunch break is from 12:30 to 1:00 p.m. Mr. Johnson asks me a lot of questions about my job. I answer them. He calls me Victor or Vie. I call him Mr. Johnson. He doesn't like that. He asks me to call him Richard, or Rich for short.
Oh, it's five to four already. How time flies! We don't have much time. We're going to be late! We arrive at the office. My boss meets us there. I introduce Richard Johnson to him. They discuss business.
Task 1. Скажите или напишите данный текст во временах Past и Future Indefinite.