Machine technologist

If you have to make a certain machine part, just get a drawing of the wanted part and indicate the material to be used. The rest will be performed by a cybernetic machine technologist and a programme-controlled lathe, everything beinmg done much quicker than by a most qualified worker.

A programme - controlled lathe does the job of a qualified turner, but it has to be supplied with a full programme of work. So far the pro­gramme is prepared by a qualified programming engineer. When de­veloped, the technology of a certain machine part is presented as a due sequence of all movements of the cutter and the value and directions of these movements. The programme is printed on a special card in the form of a digital code.

The work of a programming engineer is a process involving nu­merous calculations. The machine technologist proved to be able to do the function of a programming engineer perfectly well.

Task 1. Define the functions of the underlined words (Past In­definite, Participle II)

19.Герундий (the gerund)

Герундий - это неличная форма глагола, соединяющая в себе свойства существительного и глагола. В этом отношении ге­рундий сходен с инфинитивом, но отличается от него тем, что пе­редает оттенок процесса действия.

В русском языке нет формы глагола, соответствующей анг­лийскому герундию.

Формы герундия совпадают с формами причастия.

Функции герундия в предложении и способы его перевода на русский язык

Функции

Подлежащие.

Часть составного сказуемого.

Дополнение.

Определение.

Обстоятельство.

Примеры

Swimming is my fa­vourite sport.

Her aim is mastering English.

I don't mind going there. She likes sing­ing.

There are different ways of solving this problem.

After returning home he resumed-his work. Excuse me for not keeping my promise.

Перевод

Плавание - мой лю­бимый вид спорта.

Её цель - овладеть (овладение) английским.

Я не возражаю (не против) пойти туда. Она любит петь.

Существуют различ­ные способы решения этой проблемы.

После возращения (после того, как он вернулся домой, возвратившись, домой), он возобновил работу.

Извините, что я не сдержал обещание.

Как видно из таблицы, герундий может переводиться на рус­ский язык существительным, глаголом в личной форме или неоп­ределенной формой глагола, деепричастием.

Self-training exercises

1. Translate into Russian.

1. Swimming in cold water is unpleasant.

2. His having failed in the examination surprised everybody.

3. Don't leave without telling us your new address.

4. On coming home I usually take a short rest.

5. They must be proud of having won the match.

6. I remember the document having been signed by both parties.

7. I insist on the decision being taken immediately.

2. Write a gerund in the required form, using the following verbs. a) Perfect Active (to do - having done)

To fail, to consider, to settle, to buy, to come, to discuss, to ask, to win,

to give, to tell, to pass.

b) Perfect Passive (to do - having been done)

To speak, to give, to sing, to tell, to write, to open, to study, to show.

3. Choose the right Russian equivalent.

1. Oleg's refusing our help is regrettable.

I. то, что Олег отказался; II. то, что Олег отказывается; III. то, что Олегу отказали

2. She is upset of her son being accused of bad conduct at school. I. её сына обвинили; II. её сын обвиняет; III. её сына обвиняют

3. Не apologized to the teacher for not having done his lessons.

I. зато, что не сделал; II. за то, что не делает; III. за то, что не будет делать

4. I don't like being asked such questions.

I. задавать такие вопросы; II. когда мне задают; III. когда мне задавали

5. The teacher was surprised at your having made so many mis­ takes.

I. что вы сделали; II. было сделано; III. делаете

4. Make up sentences according to the models. Remember the underlined expressions.

1. I doiVt mind seeing the film again.

(to take part in the conference; to stay in the country for another week)

2. I can't (couldn't) help smiling.

(to tell you about it; to laugh when I see him)

3. The book is (not) worth reading.

(the question - to discuss; the proposal - to consider)

4. Ws no use doing it.

(to talk to them; to help him)

5. Did you enjoy spending you holiday there? (to watch the match; to visit the museum)

6. I remember talking to him.

(to attend the lecture; to invite them to the party)

7. We insisted on (his) going there.

(to make the report; to organize a conference)

8. You can learn to speak English by speaking English, (to read French; to swim)

9. How about going to the club?

(to have a bite; to visit a museum)

10. Instead of going home he went to the club.

(to answer my question - to ask me his question; to do one's homework; - to look through magazines)

5. Translate the sentences into Russian. Find Particple I and \ Gerund.

1. The Earth and the Moon travel together making a complete trip around the Sun once a year. 2. Besides using optical telescopes scien-tisrs are extensively employing radio telescopes, which are huge an­tennae, constantly listening to the radio-signals coming from our distant neighbours in the Universe. 3. Astronomers determine the mass of the Sun by calculating its effects on the Earth. 4. Knowing how to detect radio-signals emitted by the Sun and other heavenly bodies people can greatly enlarge their possibilities of observing the Universe. 5. The night sky radiation prevents the astronomer from seeing the most distant ob­jects. 6. Solar batteries converting the energy of the Sun directly into elecric current are sources of electric energy for radio and television equipment on spaceships and man-made satellites. 7. Using atomic fuel for the production of electricity is one of the most perspective sources. 8. Splitting atoms scientists have learned to release much en­ergy. 9. Splitting uranium may release neutrons to split more atoms to form a chain reaction. 10. At the beginning of the centure scientists succeeded in breaking the nucleus of the atom by attacking it with very small particles flying with high speed.

6. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Об этом факте не стоит упоминать. 2. Она ушла не попрощав­шись. 3. Бесполезно просить их об этом. 4. Я не могу не рассказать вам эту историю. 5. Я не помню, что просматривал этот журнал. 6. Как насчет того, чтобы пойти сегодня в театр. 7. Извините, что пе-ребийаю вас. 8. Я получил удовольствие, читая эту книгу. 9. Вме­сто того, чтобы делать домашнее задание, он просматривал жур­налы.