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- •Развитие навыков чтения и устной речи по английскому языку
- •1.Rules of reading
- •§1. Чтение гласных букв в английском языке
- •§ 2. Чтение некоторых букв и буквосочетаний
- •2.Тне noun (имя существительное)
- •Выражение падежных отношений с помощью предлогов
- •Self - training exercises
- •3.Тне article (артикль)
- •Употребление определенного артикля (the use of definite article)
- •Machine tools
- •4.The pronoun (местоимение)
- •5. The numeral (имя числительное)
- •6.The adjective (имя прилагательное)
- •7.Тне verb (глагол)
- •Спряжение глагола то have
- •Основные случаи употребления глагола "to have".
- •8.Construction there is /there are (оборот there is /there are)
- •Self - training exercises
- •9. English word-order (порядок слов в английских предложениях)
- •10. The english questions (порядок слов в вопросительных предложениях)
- •Self - training exercises
- •Measuring temperature
- •11. Indefinite tenses (неопределенное время)
- •12. Continuous tenses (продолженное временя)
- •Self-training exercises
- •2. Put the verb in brackets into the Present, Past or Future Continuous Tenses.
- •13. Perfect tenses (совершенное время)
- •Self-training exercises
- •Hydrogen-source of power
- •14. Modal verbs / модальные глаголы или недостаточные глаголы
- •A modern office
- •16. Согласование времен (sequence of tenses)
- •Self-training exercises
- •18.Причастие (the participle)
- •Функции причастия в предложении
- •Причастные конструкции
- •Machine technologist
- •19.Герундий (the gerund)
- •Функции герундия в предложении и способы его перевода на русский язык
- •Self-training exercises
- •20.Наклонение (the mood)
- •Self-training exercises
- •Basic engineering processes
- •12. Прочтите предложения, переведите их, обращая вни мание на форму и залог глаголов - сказуемых:
- •Содержание
Self-training exercises
1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Have you already seen this machine-tool? . He hasn't spoken to the dean yet. 3. I have never been 'abroad. 4. We haven't heard from him since last summer. 5. We had finished our experiment by 5 o'clock. 6. I had lived in Kiev before I moved to Moscow. 7. By the end of the year he had learnt to speak French. 8. Next year they will have taught English for 10 years already.
2. Put the verb in brackets into the Present, Past or Future,
1. I (to hear) of him ever since ! was born. 2. By the time you arrive I (to leave). 3. The students (to know) the results of the examination by 3 o'clock tomorrow. 4. By 5 o'clock the Congress (to adopt) the draft programmes. 5. After they (to present) the draft of the Programme, long debates took place. 6. I (to do) already all my lessons. 7. He (to reject) just our proposal. 8. Our family (to live) in this street since we got a new flat.
3. Form questions with the question word given.
1. We have been friends since our childhood, (since when) 2. The rain hasn't stopped yet. (general question) 3. He had recovered by the time I returned from my leave. (By what time) 4. He will have worked as a teacher for 20 years by next September, (for how long) 5. The students have started the discussion by the time you come, (who)
4. Translate into English.
1. Он когда-нибудь показывал свои работы специалисту? 2. Что с ней произошло? Я давно её не вижу. 3. Его лекции были всегда интересными. 4. Он сказал, что его цех выпустил необходимую продукцию. 5. Он получил плохую оценку на экзамене по английскому языку, т.к. сделал много ошибок в письменном переводе. 6. На конференции мы встретили людей, которых никогда раньше не видели. 7. Мой друг еще школьник, но на будущий год к этому времени он уже закончит школу. 8. К началу учебного года они закончат строительство нового здания института.
5. Read and translate the text.
Hydrogen-source of power
Scientists consider hydrogen a very promising energy source. The reserves of hydrogen are practically unlimited. Per unit of weight if contains almost three times more thermal energy than benzene. Besides, hydrogen can be used as fuel in transport, industry and home.
Hydrogen is easy to transport and store. It can be transported over large distances using conventional pipelines. It can be accumulated and kept for a long time either in conventional or natural reservoirs.
Scientists have found many ways of producing hydrogen - basically from ordinary water. And large volumes of this fuel can obtained from coal, whose global reserves are tremendous. There is also an idea of using nuclear power plants to generate hydrogen. Scientists hope to use the energy of the sun, wind and tides to obtain hydrogen.
In several countries car engines fed by hydrogen have been tested successfully. Tests have also shown that adding five to ten per cent hydrogen to benzene increases engine efficiency by 40 - 45 per cent.
What is still holding back the use of hydrogen as fuel, and what has to be done in order to apply it extensively in the economy? The main reason is that it is more expensive than mineral fuels, but in the near future hydrogen can be cheaper to obtain. This new kind of energy opens up new prospects in aviation, metallurgy and some other industries.
Task 1. Finish the sentences according to the text.
1. Scientists consider hydrogen ...
not very promising energy source
a very promising energy source
a more promising energy source than atomic energy
2. At present hydrogen fuel is being produced from ...
the energy of the sun
the energy of the wind and tides
ordinary water.
3. Adding a few per cent of hydrogen to benzene ...
greatly increases engine efficiency
decreases a little engine efficiency
does not change engine efficiency
4. Hydrogen is not used widely as a fuel at present because ...
hydrogen reserves are limited
its production is very expensive at present
it is impossible to accumulate and keep it for a long time
Task 2. Define the predicate, its tense and voice 1. Scientists consider hydrogen a very promising energy source. 2. Besides, hydrogen can be used as fuel in transport, industry and home. 3. Scientists have found many ways of producing hydrogen -basically from ordinary water. 4. There is also an idea of using nuclear power plants to generate hydrogen. 5. In several countries car engines fed by hydrogen have been tested successfully. 6. What is still holding back the use of hydrogen as fuel, and what has to be done in order to apply it extensively in the economy? 7. This new kind of energy opens up new prospects in aviation, metallurgy and some other Industries. 8. A great many experimental models had been tested before the first tidal power station was built. 9. It should be said that all the chemical elements known to science can be found in the Ural mountains. 10. The iron ores of the Ural mountains are spoken about as having no equal in quantity and variety.