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2. Выполните упражнения:

1) В связи с чем употребляются в тексте следующие словосочетания:

- market penetration

- solid fuel sector

- environmental and thermal performance

- large scale conventional power plants

- net thermal efficiencies

- climate change debate

- theoretical annual cost cutting potential

- offshore production structures

- deep water storage

- natural gas exploration

- natural gas technologies

2) Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Why has much attention been paid to the so-called "clean coal technologies"?

2. What thermal efficiencies do most large scale conventional pow­er plants have?

3. What does increased efficiency lead to?

4. What are the most important new technologies in oil and gas sector?

5. What will the project Gate 2020 assess existing and emerging tech­nologies for?

6. What do the technology areas include?

7. What will research encourage to do?

8. What will result in a reduction of some products?

3) Выберите из каждого абзаца основную идею

4) Выберите правильную форму:

1. One can (reduce, be reduced) heat losses in a transmission line.

2. Heat losses should (reduce, be reduced) constantly and effectively.

3. The output of machinery is steadily being (increasing, increased).

4. Man has been constantly (increasing, increased) the output of machin­ery.

5. The main principles of energy production has (being, been) known to science for a long time.

6. The energy industry (undergoes, is undergoing) considerable develop­ment.

7. Development of nuclear power plants for civil use (began, has began) in the mid-1950s.

5) Определите форму герундия:

1. Programming is the process of preparing, testing and correcting in­structions for a computer.

2. Is any metal capable of being drawn out into a wire?

3. After having been subjected to severe testing the material was recom­mended for use.

4. A motor-starter is a device for starting motors from rest by the simple act of closing the switch.

5. A constant speed of the device is maintained by supplying it with en­ergy.

6. Steam is an important factor in producing usable energy because of the power being created by its expansion.

7. One of the problems modern research laboratories are working at is the problem of finding materials that can serve as electrical conductors in fusion reactors.

8. On having lost some of its electrons, the atom has a positive charge.

3. Control text. Переведите текст, ответьте на вопросы и озаглавьте текст:

1. What is the way to reduce emissions of SO2 and CO2?

2. What did the modification of an existing coal-fired plant in Finland allow?

3. What are the impacts of the innovative technology?

Despite moves towards greater use of renewable sources to generate power, much of our electricity is still produced from fossil fuel sources, especially coal. One way to reduce emissions of SO2 and CO2 is to substitute some of the coal used by conventional power stations with alternative fuels which produce lesser amounts of gaseous pollutants. This can be technically difficult, but the benefits of success are con­siderable in terms of a cleaner environment and long-term cost-savings for the consumer.

The modification of an existing coal-fired plant in Finland allowed 30% of the coal used to be substituted with biomass and refuse-de­rived fuels. Because burning biomass in a conventional power station is difficult and expensive, this has been achieved by installing a gas­ification unit. The gas produced by the gasifier has a very low heat value, especially if a fuel is wet. If, however, this lean gas is mixed with richer gas, produced from coal in the conventional part of the power station, the mixture can be co-combusted, and the need of an expensive fuel dryer is therefore removed. The CFB gasifier at the plant (30 to 70 MW capacity) is complemented by an innovative feed system, which makes it possible to adjust the moisture content of the gas mixture, to ensure optimum combustion conditions in the plant's boiler. The impacts of the innovative technology are al­ready apparent in a decrease in emissions of CO2, NOX, SOX and particulates. Implementation of similar projects could have a signif­icant impact in the fight against global warming and in making our environment healthier.

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