Visual Basic
BAS1C stands for Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Соdе; Visual Basic is а simple-to-use language that has а graphical interface. It makes it particularly easy for an inexperienced programmer to create database programs.
Pascal
Pascal, nаmеd after the mathematician Blaise Pascal, was created primarily to fill the need for а teaching vehicle that would encourage structured programming. It is often used in college computing courses.
COBOL
Stands for СОmmоn Business-Oriented language; it has been around for а long number of years but is still an important transaction-processing language used to process the records of large organizations on mainframe computers.
1. А schoolteacher wants his young pupils to learn some basic mathematics by controlling а simple robot.
2. The owner of а small business wants to create а simple database program to kееp track of his stock.
3. An engineer wants to develop а program for calculating the stresses in а mechanical device.
4. А student wants to create webpages for а personal website.
5. А systems programmer wants to add some new modules to an operating system.
6. А programmer working for the US army wants to create а program for controlling а new type of weapon.
7. А finance company needs to process data from its branch offices on its mainframe computer.
8. А website designer wants to enable the data on his website to be easily processed by а number of different programs.
9. А student studying artificial intelligence wants to write some programs for а course project.
10. А college lecturer wants his students to learn the principles of programming.
11. А professional programmer wants to create and sell а program for use in language learning.
12. А website designer wants to password-protect а section of а website.
Прочитайте информацию об исчисляемых и неисчисляемых существительных и определите их класс.
Countable and uncountable nouns
Countable nouns are peорlе or things that we can count. They have а singular and а plural form (e.g. file, program, system, application).
Uncountable nouns are things that we can't count. They have no plural form (е.g. software, music, robotics, multimedia, networking, storage).
A lot of software these days is open-source.
Not: А 1ot of softwares these days are open-source.
Some words are countable in many languages but uncountable in English, and are used with a singular verb (e.g. advice, damage, equipment, furniture, research, news, progress, homework).
The advice he gave me was very useful.
Countable nouns must have a determiner (a, the, my, this, etc.) in the singular, although this is not necessary in the plural
I deleted the file yesterday.
I lost more than 300 files tnen my computer crashed.
We use a before a consonant sound and an before a vowel. The definite article the means you know which one/once I mean.
An icon is a small graphic.
The icons on the toolbar are used to …
We don’t use the in generalizations with uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns.
I like music.
Not: I like the music.
Computer programs are expansive.
Not: The Computer programs are expensive.
Countable and uncountable nouns take different determiners.
Many, few, a few only go with countable nouns.
There are many versions of Windows Vista.
Much, little, a little, a great deal of only goes with uncountable nouns.
I have a little time free this afternoon if you want to meet.
user ______
edition ____
icon ______
technology _____
security _______
computing _____
email _________
entertainment _____
interface _________
software_________
Заполните пропуски в тексте артиклями: a, an или без артикля
Linux is (1) …… operating system and it was initially created as
(2)……hobby by a young student, Lines Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel*
was released in 1994. (3)……Kernel, at the heart of all Linux systems, is developed and released under GNU General Public License, and its source code is freely available to everyone.
Apart from the fact that it's freely distributed, (4)…… Linux's functionality, adaptability and robustness has made it the main alternative for proprietary Unix and Microsoft operating systems. IBM, Hewlett-Packard and other giants of the computing world have embraced Linux and support its ongoing development. More than (5)…… decade after its initial release, Linux is being adopted worldwide, primarily as (6)……server platform. Its use as a home and office desktop operating system is also on the rise. The operating system can also be incorporated directly into
(7) …… microchips in a process called (8)……embedding, and it is increasingly being used this way in appliances and devices.
*The Kernel provides a way for software and other parts of the OS to communicate with hardware.
Прочитайте информацию о наречиях until, while. Объедините эти утверждения, используя наречия until или while.
1. Calculate all sales. There are no more sales.
2. Search for records containing the term. There are still recognize containing the term.
3. Total extra items. Extra items remain.
4. Search member records. There are no more records.
5. Print all addresses. There are still addresses available.
6. Display client names. There are no names remaining.
7. List all guests. There are no guests left.
8. Total monthly sales. There are no more sales for the current
Прочитайте диалог между инженером-программистом и владельцем отеля, который решил установить новую компьютерную систему, определите какие вопросы задал программист Software Engineering
Analyst If I could find out what you do at present. What kind of system do you have at the moment?
Hotel owner Well, we introduced err a computerized system about five years ago but I'm not very happy with it. What we've got is err, just a system that allows us to enter bookings as they come in.
A So is everything computerized or ... ?
H No, it's only the reservations system.
A So what features would you like to add to this?
H Well, there are a number of things. I would like a more sophisticated system that would allow me to link reservations and invoicing. I'd like the system to handle invoices also.
A OK. Now the output. What kind of output are you looking for from this?
H Err, well there are a number of things I'd like. One is of course the total invoice, a bill for the guests. I'd like it also to display room bookings so that if someone phones up it's easy for the reception staff to identify quickly which rooms are occupied and which are available.
A Is that on the screen?
H Yes, I would like it to be on the screen if possible. A sort of room chart on the screen.
A And the invoices, is it pre-printed forms you use?
H Would pre-printed forms be useful?
A Well, if you have a coloured logo, it's better to have the forms pre-printed.
H Yes, I'd like that. And of course I want the invoice to have details of all expenditure so if the guest has a drink at the bar, extra meals at the restaurant, anything of that nature, it's all detailed. I'd also like the system to generate lists of previous guests so I can send them news of special offers.
A Has the system to print out addressed envelopes?
H If it could, that would be very useful.
A Now, who's going to be inputting the information?
H Right, the main users would be the reception staff. They would be dealing with bookings, largely by phone but some by fax or letter. The accountant, of course, would be using the system to create bills. And, err, bar and restaurant staff would have to enter sales.
A Are the staff experienced in using computers or would they need a lot of training
H Reception staff are quite experienced, however, our accountant would need some training as she's used to a paper system.
A What about the bar and restaurant staff?
H Well, I suppose they would be entering only very restricted information on sales.
A Hm. What computer hardware do you have at the moment?
H Er, we've got one PC at reception and one in the office. What would I need?
A One for the accountant, one in the bar and restaurant. And they would have to be networked.
H If they're networked together, that doesn't mean that people can get into the accounts, does it?
A No, it would be password-protected. And the printers?
H I don't want anything too noisy.
A Laser printers tend to be quieter. Now, it would be useful to talk to the receptionist to get details of the input for the guest records and to the accountant to find out what she needs.
H Great, I'll set up meetings for you. What's the next step?
A I'll come back to you with a plan and we'll check through to make sure it has all the features you want. Then we'll create a program and try it out. We'll have to keep adapting it depending how well it works. And once you're happy with it, we'll put it into service and I'll fix some training for the staff.
H Thanks very much.
Прочитайте диалог еще раз и найдите ответы на следующие вопросы:
What system does the hotelier have at present?
What problem is there with the existing system?
What form of output does the hotelier want?
Who will use the new system?
Which members of staff will equire the most training?
What concerns has the hotelier about a new system?
What kind of hardware will be required?
What is the next step?
Контрольные вопросы
Give examples of countable and uncountable nouns (use term ………)?
What is the Object-Oriented Programming?
What features can be added to old system?
Present stages of programming?
What kind of actions do the adverbs until and till link?
What programming languages are the most popular in different situations?
What are the advantages of using OOP?
What is polymorphism?
What is Unix used for?
What is Linux used for?