Тема 23. Герундий

Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, обладающая признаками как существитель-ного, так и глагола.

	Active	Passive
Indefinite Gerund	* V + ing testing	being + V3 being tested
Perfect Gerund	having + V3 having tested	having been + V3 having been tested

*I like testing new gadgets.

Мне нравится тестировать новые устройства. (Мне нравится тестирование новых устройств).

Testing new gadgets is my job.

Тестировать новые устройства – моя работа. (Тестирование новых устройств – моя работа).

I’m glad of having tested this gadget. Я рад, что протестировал это устройство.

I like being tested. Мне нравится, когда меня тестируют.

I’m glad of having been tested. Я рад, что меня протестировали.

Глаголы, требующие герундий

To like (любить, нравиться) to be fond of (увлекаться)

To enjoy (наслаждаться) to be keen on (увлекаться)

To prefer (предпочитать) to be interested in (интересоваться)

To hate (ненавидеть) to be good at (преуспевать)

To keep (продолжать) to be afraid of (бояться)

To stop (заканчивать) to think of (думать о)

To mind (возражать) to thank for (благодарить за)

To be worth (стоить) to insist on (настаивать на)

Cannot help (не мочь не) to look forward to (с нетерпением ждать)

Запомните следующие конструкции с герундием:

The house needs painting.

Дом нужно покрасить. (Дом нуждается в покраске).

The car wants repairing.

Машину нужно отремонтировать. (Машина нуждается в ремонте).

Task 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. Taking medicine is an unpleasant thing. 2. He went away without answering my question. 3. Smoking is forbidden here. 4. He is fond of painting. 5. My shoes need repairing. 6. They went on talking. 7. It looks like raining. 8. The group began playing the guitars . 9. She has a habit of interrupting people. 10. I like learning foreign languages. 11. They continue their studying. 12. My parents insist on my staying there. 13. Thank you for helping. 14. My friend can't help speaking about this event. 15. After coming home the boy had dinner. 16. We enjoyed playing tennis. 17. Her child is afraid of swimming. 18. They were informed of our arriving. 19. She is incapable of doing it. 20. He is suspected of stealing money. 21. I don’t like watching football. 22. She hates cooking.

Task 2. Образуйте герундий, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. She does a lot of (read). 2. What he like is (drive). 3. No (park) here. 4. We heard a lot of (shout) last night. 5. Quick (run) saved him. 6. I am not against his (come). 7. Who does (wash) in your house? 8. We did some (shop) this morning. 9. She hates (do) the washing-up. 10. We don't mind (invite) him. 11. Excuse my (be) late. 12. My friend enjoys (sing). 13. (be) late is a shame. 14. I like his (guitar play). 15. No (smoke) here. 16. She has done all the (iron) today. 17. Do you like (read)? 18. Yesterday he had some (train). 19. There was (ring) of a bell. 20. Does she like (give) presents? 21. No (fish) here. 22. I don't like (watch) cartoons.

Task 3. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. She enjoyed reading the book. 2. We stopped working in the lab. 3. He finished doing his homework. 4. They gave up smoking. 5. I went on laughing. 6. They enjoyed listening to music. 7. She likes cooking very much. 8. They went on applauding. 9. I hate talking over the phone. 10. He gave up the idea of becoming an actor. 11. They stopped talking. 12. He prefers having breakfast in bed. 13. He is interested in hunting. 14. She is fond of doing shopping at weekends. 15. The children kept on playing football. 16. They began learning English. 17. The house wants repairing. 18. We could not help smiling. 19. The flowers need watering. 20. He left without saying good-bye. 21. Before going to the supermarket we wrote a shopping list. 22. He dreams of becoming a president.

Task 4. Составьте собственные предложения по указанным моделям.

a) She is fond of/ is keen on/ is good at/ is interested in reading.

to listen to music, to ski, to skate, to play chess, to play tennis, to walk in the forest, to swim in the sea, to cook, to talk over the phone, to do shopping, to travel.

b) Do you mind my closing the window?

to open the window, to stay here, to leave you for a minute, to play the piano, to take your book for a day or two, to turn on the TV, to turn off the light, to smoke here, to have a rest, to drink coffee, to drive your car.

c) He enjoyed reading this book.

to take a shower, to watch the performance, to listen to the concert, to spend the holidays in the country, to eat ice-cream, to drive a car, to spend money, to work in the garden, to serf the net, to give presents, to have a party.

d) He left the room without waiting for a reply.

to say good-bye, to say a word, to take the book, to look back, to take the money, to leave documents, to make the bed, to drink tea, to read a newspaper, to leave a message, to look in the mirror.

Task 5. Дополните предложения герундием. Используйте слова из правого столбика.

1. Do you mind my …? to close the door

2. She insisted on … to go there now

3. It is no use … to try it again

4. The lecturer began … to describe the event

5. I decided to take a rest after … to explain the rule

6. The teacher went on … to read

7. That book is not worth … to see us there

8. Everybody was surprised at … to look through

9. I’ll let you know before … to do exercises

10. “Please go on …”, the teacher said. to smoke a pipe

11. He stopped … to listen to the concert

12. We enjoyed … to go for a walk

13. I don’t mind … to laugh at him

14. I can’t help … to clean the room

15. My watch needs … to talk to her

16. Yesterday I had the pleasure … to stay there

17. Most of us disliked … to do it

18. Nobody could picture the way of … to learn the new words

19. We had no difficulty in … to work hard

20. Our students made such progress by … to dress

Task 6. Поставьте подходящий глагол в форму герундия.

learn take bake swim write drive dance listen to get up wear

1. In summer we love … in the lake.

2. She hates … early.

3. I don’t like … cold showers.

4. My parents don’t enjoy … my Cds.

5. My sister goes to discos a lot because she is fond of … .

6. Jack prefers … his old jeans.

7. Lily is keen on … fast.

8. I am interested in … English.

9. My mom is good at … pies.

10. We dislike … tests.

Task 7. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Do you prefer going to the cinema or watching TV?

2. Do you enjoy travelling by sea/ by air? Why?

3. Do you remember going to school for the first time?

4. What films are worth seeing?

5. Do you take much interest in reading English books?

6. What do you praise (blame) people for?

Task 8. Поставьте глагол в скобках в форму герундия.

1. Try to avoid (make) him angry. 2. Stop (argue) and start (work). 3. Children prefer (watch) TV to (read). 4. I suggest (hold) another meeting next week. 5. He was fined for (drive) without lights. 6. We are looking forward to (read) your next book. 7. He is thinking of (leave) his job and (go) to America. 8. (walk) in such weather is very pleasant. 9. She loves (talk) to the press and (appear) on TV shows.

10. I don’t remember ever (meet) your sister.

Task 9. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление герундия.

1. She disliked living in her old house. She was thinking of buying a new one. 2. Grammar is the art of speaking, reading and writing. 3. I think of spending my holidays somewhere abroad. 4. He finished speaking and sat down. 5. Do you mind my closing the window? 6. This film is not worth seeing. 7. Will you stop talking? 8. On entering the room he greeted everybody. 9. She likes cooking and is very good at it. 10. He is proud of communicating with this famous person. 11. We began translating this article an hour ago. 12. The place is worth visiting. 13. Have you finished writing? 14. Repairing cars is his business. 15. They stopped laughing when they saw me. 16. Many engineers took part in introducing new technology. 17. On receiving my sms he answered at once. 18. Eating vegetables is good for your health. 19. By reading we enrich our knowledge. 20. Seeing is believing.

Отработка грамматического явления на базе технического перевода

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Protecting buildings from strokes of lightning was a great achievement in the field of electricity.

2. Splitting the atom is a difficult task.

3. Transformers are used for changing d.c. into a.c.

4. Their aim was collecting all the necessary data.

5. The fly-wheel began moving.

6. Many solids have the power of absorbing gases on their surfaces.

7. After closing the circuit we measured the resistance.

8. The liquid evaporated without leaving a residue.

9. In passing through a metal electrons collide with many ions.

10. All the chemical transformations that take place around us only change energy from one form into another without affecting the total.

11. In carrying out the plan of launching an artificial satellite our scientists had to solve many difficult problems.

12. Coal and any other fuel provide the heat required for driving our engines and turbines.

13. The energy of body is the capacity for doing work.

14. Programming is the process of preparing, testing and correcting instructions for a computer.

15. A motor-starter is a device for starting motors from rest by the simple act of closing the switch.

16. One of the problems modern research laboratories are working at is the problem of finding materials that can serve as electrical conductors in fusion reactors.

17. A constant speed of the device is maintained by supplying it with energy.

18. For heating a body we place it in contact with another body at a higher temperature.

19. Thermometers are employed for measuring temperature differences.

20. In studying magnetism we cannot help observing the relation between magnetism and the electric current.