4. Translate into English:

1. Проблема была впервые поставлена (осознана) в XVIII веке. 2. Предполагается, что полученные расчетные данные были проверены экспериментально. 3. Теория была принята большинством после того, как были получены новые доказательства в ее поддержку. 4. (В статье) представлены новые данные относительно механизма этого процесса. 5. Это расхождение можно объяснить разными методиками измерения. 6. (В работе) использован новый метод расчета этого параметра и предложена новая модель этого процесса. 7. Особое внимание уделено сравнению экспериментально полученных результатов с результатами, предсказанными теоретически. 8. В лаборатории установлено новое оборудование.

К теме № 9: Инфинитив

1. Translate the sentences with Infinitives into Russian:

1. The first step to be taken is to start negotiations.

2. The inflation rate was not high enough to start paying compensations to workers.

3. To ensure a steady economic growth, all the macroeconomic parameters must be involved.

4. My friend was glad to have been given such an interesting assignment.

5. She hoped to be sent to study abroad.

6. The data to be used have been carefully analyzed.

7. To understand Russian culture is impossible without the names of Bulgakov, Platonov and Pasternak.

8. 8. To do it accurately was the main problem.

9. 9. To tell him the truth at the moment meant nearly to kill him.

10. 10. Our plan was to begin the experimental part of the research by the end of the month.

2. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:

1. To make a choice between these two alternatives is not an easy task. 2. At this stage a new theory was advanced to produce a revolutionary change in our understanding of the process. 3. They admit to have been informed of this possibility before the experiment. 4. The assumption is reasonable enough to be valid. 5. Another factor to be taken into account is the power of modern experimental techniques.

3. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Мне трудно об этом спорить. 2. Им важно подкрепить теорию дополнительными экспериментальными данными. 3. Физикам важно поддерживать контакт с биологами. 4. Ребенку необходимо учиться. 5. Нам часто трудно угадать, каким будет будущее. 6. Естественно, что на такой анализ затрачивается около года. 7. Необходимо чтобы реакция была ускорена. 8. Чтобы две молекулы вступили в реакцию, они должны столкнуться.

К теме № 10: Инфинитивные обороты

1. Translate the sentences with Infinitive Constructions into Russian:

I. A.1.We expect these phenomena to have been investigated.

2. Everybody considers her to be a great organizer.

3. We found that effect to have been unknown.

4. They thought the information to have been published recently.

5. Knowing him to be good at psychology, I asked him to explain this rule.

6. The scientist expected his assistants to obtain some new data.

7. She meant him to do it.

8. They heard him deny it.

9. They announced it to be law.

10. The major Powers expect the talks to take place at the end of the next month.

B. 1. One can expect the scope of research to expand steadily 2. Most people believe the amount of effort in science to be somehow correlated with the standard of living in the country. 3. Nowadays we see many new areas of research come into being as a result" of unexpected breakthroughs. 4. One can watch more and more people move into biology from other areas of research.

II. A.1. Computers are likely (are certain) to be used in the study of UFO.

2. The system seems to be functioning well.

3. Mankind is sure to have entered the age of automation.

4. Machine languages are known to be low-level languages.

5. She appears to make progress in languages.

6. He is known to study ancient architecture.

7. It seems to be an exception to the rule.

8. The new method of investigation is believed to have produced good results.

9. Computers are thought to be divided into two groups accord­ing to the jobs they perform.

10. The result is expected to agree with theoretical predictions.

В. 1. Science is known to affect the lives of people. 2. Molecular biology is expected to dominate other sciences. 3. The results of these experiments are found to overlap. 4. The data are assumed to correlate with the present theory. 5. Some people seem to be disappointed in science. 6. He happens to work at the same problem. 7. The work is likely to contribute to the solution of the problem. 8. He is sure to argue about it.

III A. 1. I am anxious for her to pass her exam.

2. He stepped aside for me to pass.

3. The text is too difficult for the students to translate.

4. It was unusual for him to go out in the afternoon.

5. I waited for him to go on.

6. The table was small enough for the conversation to be general.

7. The most important thing for us is to start early.

8. He asked for the papers to be brought.

9. She did not say anything, but made way for us to pass.

10. He was so occupied in his research work that it made difficult for him to be away from home for several weeks at a time.

B. 1. This decision reflects a desire to make it as easy as possible for members of the association and other guests to attend the congress. 2. For such a large research center as this to become heavily involved in a single project in a fashionable field would be more than just a wrong practice, it would be a disaster. 3. The tendency for pure mathematicians to alienate mathematical research from anything that might be somehow associated with the idea of «utilization» is only too obvious. 4. For any scientific gathering to be a success, the organizing committee must be firm on more than one point. 5. There was a prevalent feeling at that time that for the laboratory to revive its past glory no efforts were intensive enough.