- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •4602000000-12
- •Contents
- •Часть I
- •Раздел 2
- •Лексические вопросы перевода
- •Тема №1: Особенности научно-технического стиля.
- •Установление значения слова
- •Тема № 2: Интернациональные слова и «ложные друзья» переводчика
- •Тема № 3: Многофункциональные слова
- •Тема № 4: Понятие о неологизмах
- •Тема № 5: Передача имен собственных и названий (транскрипция, транслитерация, перевод)
- •Тема № 6: Перевод словосочетаний
- •(Свободные словосочетания и фразеологизмы)
- •Свободные словосочетания
- •В свободных словосочетаниях слова сохраняют свои значения, поэтому при переводе таких словосочетаний важно знать перевод составляющих их компонентов.
- •Тема № 7: Лексические трансформации при переводе
- •Раздел 3 грамматические вопросы перевода Тема № 8: Перевод страдательного залога
- •Формы глагола в страдательном залоге
- •Способы перевода форм глагола в страдательном залоге
- •Тема № 9: Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Тема № 10: Перевод инфинитивных оборотов
- •Объектный инфинитивный оборот
- •Субъектный инфинитивный оборот
- •Тема № 11: Причастие (The Participle)
- •Функции причастия I и причастия II в предложении и способы их перевода
- •Тема № 12: Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Сложный герундиальный оборот (The Complex Gerundial Construction)
- •Тема № 13: Перевод модальных глаголов
- •1) Упорное нежелание:
- •Тема №14: Сослагательное наклонение
- •Перевод форм сослагательного наклонения Синтетические формы
- •Тема № 15: Перевод эмфатических конструкций
- •Часть II
- •1. B. Make up English-Russian pairs of the word groups equivalent in meaning.
- •2. In the sentences below recognize the words that are semantically similar and give their Russian equivalents.
- •К теме № 2: Интернациональные слова и «ложные друзья» переводчика
- •К теме № 3: Многофункциональные слова
- •3. Identify the function of one and give Russian equivalents of the italicized words:
- •4. Identify the function of this (these) and give Russian equivalents of the italicized words:
- •5. Identify the function of that (those) and give Russian equivalents of the italicized words:
- •К теме № 4: Перевод неологизмов
- •1. Translate the following sentences with new words into Russian, try to identify the type of their formation if necessary consult the Dictionary of New English Words:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following new words:
- •К теме № 5: Передача имен собственных и названий
- •1. Write down in Russian the English names according to transcription and transliteration rules:
- •2. Translate into Russian:
- •К теме № 6: Перевод словосочетаний (Свободные словосочетания и фразеологизмы)
- •1. Translate the following free word groups into Russian:
- •2. Translate the following phraseological units into Russian:
- •3. Give Russian equivalents of the n'. . . N". . . N" groups and the hyphenated word groups:
- •4. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •5. Give Russian equivalents of the V-Adv. Groups:
- •К теме № 7: Лексические трансформации при переводе
- •1. Translate the following sentences applying different lexical transphormations into Russian:
- •Раздел 2 грамматические вопросы перевода к теме № 8: Перевод страдательного залога
- •1. Identify the passive structures and the logical predicates, translate the sentences into Russian as shown in the following example:
- •2. Identify passive structures and give Russian equivalents of the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •К теме № 9: Инфинитив
- •1. Translate the sentences with Infinitives into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •К теме № 10: Инфинитивные обороты
- •1. Translate the sentences with Infinitive Constructions into Russian:
- •2. Render in English:
- •3. A. Learn to distinguish between indefinite and perfect infinitives. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •4. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •5. Translate the following into English:
- •К теме № 11: Причастие
- •1. Read the text and tell which forms of the Participle are used there:
- •2. Analyze the sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •3. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •4. Translate the sentences with Participles and Absolute Participle Construction into Russian:
- •К теме № 12: Герундий
- •1. Translate the sentences with Gerunds and Gerund Construction into Russian:
- •2. Determine the form of Gerund and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •3. Translate the sentences with Gerund into Russian paying attention to its different forms:
- •4. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •К теме № 13: Модальные глаголы
- •1. Translate the sentences with Modal Verbs into Russian:
- •2. Read the beginning of the sentences, and translate them into Russian choosing the proper Russian equivalents of the modal verbs from the list below:
- •3. Choose the proper Russian equivalents of modal verbs with negation from the list below:
- •5. Read the text. Substitute the proper English modal verbs for the Russian words in brackets:
- •6. Grammar in proverbs. Translate these sentences into Russian and suggest Russian sayings of similar meaning:
- •К теме № 14: Сослагательное наклонение
- •1. Translate the sentences with Subjunctive Mood into Russian:
- •2. Translate the sentences with if-clauses into Russian:
- •3. Analyze the following sentences and say which meaning they express (possible actions in future, unreal actions at present and in future):
- •4. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •К теме № 15: Перевод эмфатических конструкций
- •1. Translate the sentences with Emphatic Constructions into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •3. Remember a few word groups which can be regarded as reduced adverbial clauses:
- •4. Identify the structures and give Russian equivalents of the sentence:
- •Overall Revision
- •1. Grammar in proverbs. Identify the structures according to all the Patterns studied, translate them into Russian and suggest Russian sayings of similar meaning:
- •2. Identify the structures according to all the Patterns studied and give Russian equivalents of the sentences:
- •3. Give Russian equivalents of the following (use explanations as a guide):
- •4. Make up English-Russian pairs of the word groups equivalents in meaning:
- •5. Give Russian equivalents of the n'. . . N". . . N groups and of the hyphenated word groups:
- •6. Give Russian equivalents of the following word groups:
- •7. From the list below choose the English equivalents of the italicized Russian phrases:
- •Часть III дополнительный материал reading practice
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •Introduction
- •Science and technology
- •Text 5. What science is
- •II. Look through the text concentrating on the beginning and the end of each paragraph, and write an outline, either in Russian or in English (time limit — 10 min.):
- •III. Paragraph Study.
- •Scientific attitude
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •2) Check up for comprehension:
- •Science in russia
- •Научная конференция
- •Руководитель (конференции, заседания, совещания)
- •Публичное выступление (доклад, лекция, сообщение)
- •Bibliography
- •Фролова Вера Петровна,
Science in russia
The Russians made a great contribution to world science. Peter I founded the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences as early as 1724. It is there that the great scientist Lomonosov worked in the fields of physics, chemistry, astronomy and the foundation of the Russian literary language. The peoples of our country produced many geniuses such as D.I. Mendeleyev who gave the world the Periodic Table of Elements, mathematicians like N.I. Lobachevsky who is known all over the world as “Copernicus of Geometry” and many others.
The peoples of Russia are rightly proud of scientists like A.S. Popov, who invented the radio, A.N. Lodygin, who produced the electric lamp, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, who was the founder of the modern theory of space rockets. Among the peominent scientists we must also mention the names of I.I. Mechnikov, N.N. Zinin, S.V. Lebedev, I.Z. Kondakov, Academician I.P. Pavlov and many others whose names are known far and wide.
Our scientists and inventors have enriched science and technology with many outstanding achievements which enable them to solve the most complex problems. Many inventions have not only brought fame to our science, but also rank among the greatest achievements of mankind.
The development of the theory of chain reactions is linked with the name of the Russian scientist N.N. Semyonov, a Nobel Prize winner, N.D. Zelynsky’s works formed the basis for the synthesizing of a large number of new chemical compounds.
Space research has opened a new era of scientific knowledge. It is in our country that the first artificial satellite for the research in outer space was launched. It was created by the Academician S.P. Korolev, and it was Yury Gagarin who accomplished the first space flight.
Academicians I.V. Koorchatov and G.N. Flerov made a great contribution to the development of the theory of the construction of the atom. It was in our country that the first atomic power station in the world was built and the first atom-powered ice-breaker was launched. Our scientists, engineers and workers have done a lot in order to ensure that the energy of the atom should bring people well-being and prosperity instead of terror and death.
Exercise VII. Побеседуйте по-английски с коллегой о проводимых вами исследованиях. Используйте следующие вопросы и утверждения:
What methods do you apply in your research? And why?
What are you going to prove in your research?
How can you formulate your hypothesis?
How do you plan your experiments?
How often do you record data during the experiment? (every hour, every two hours, etc).
What instruments and equipment do you use in your investigation? And why?
What views and data can your experiments (or research) prove or refute?
What illustrations are you preparing to demonstrate the results of your investigation?
What conclusions will you make if the results of your research are positive/negative?
What are the merits and demerits of the investigation that you have already carried out?
How will you continue your investigation? And why?
The hypothesis fits experimental data.
The research probes in the various aspects of the subject.
We experimented with the new materials.
We hope to find the answer to this problem.
The work was subjected to criticism.
Out of his work came a substantial knowledge.
The theory and the results are too extensive to be given here.
The experimental results were analyzed with the help of high-speed computing machines.
I am afraid I don't know for certain if there are any direct (adequate, reliable) data regarding ... I believe some information is available though I don't know what it is...
Yes, as far as we know there are some very interesting and, I dare say, very encouraging data about..., though at the moment I am not quite prepared to speak about them in detail.
Well, there must be rather adequate data at present since studies of the problem have been in progress for several years now (have long been under way)...
What is the problem you are investigating now (interested in)?
What does it deal with?
What is the core of the problem?
Is it sufficiently studied?
Does it involve certain difficulties?
What aspects does it include?
What kind of problem does it refer to?
Does the problem require a great deal of investigation?
Has it been discussed for a long time or is it a newly raised problem?
Is there a lot of information on this problem?
What foreign literature have you read on the problem?
Will it take much time to clear up all the aspects of the problem?