- •Personal identification
- •Relations by birth Кровные родственные связи
- •Relations by marriage Родственные связи по браку
- •Age Возраст
- •Religion [rilid n] Вероисповедание
- •Death Смерть
- •Exercises
- •What Is In a Name?
- •Student information
- •Free of charge - application may be copied
- •Appearance
- •I.V.Kritskaya
- •It’s fun to watch myself in a mirror. A mirror shows me what I look like. A mirror helps me learn about myself. It’s fun to play in front of a mirror. I can make up a poem about that.
- •Character
- •Love is a fallacy By Max Shulman
- •Vitebsk state university
- •V.Ye.Khorovets Part I From the history of the University
- •My University
- •I study at the University (where?…) - Where do you study?
- •The Students’ Life and Studies
- •At the department stores part I
- •Introductory text
- •The Big Stores of London
- •The most famous britain’s department stores
- •Selfridges The original department store
- •Part II
- •Departments (Отделы)
- •In the department store
- •Some Useful Information and Helpful Words and
- •Part III Money
- •Interaction Shopping
- •Follow up
- •Are you being served? a) Ladies’ shoes
- •Topics for Oral Compositions
- •Shopping (food) n.N.Krasovskaya Supermarket
- •Some Food Shops (Stores)
- •Quantities and Package (Количество и упаковка)
- •Some Useful Expressions
- •Idiomatic Expressions
- •Some additional words and expressions
- •Ex. 6.Name 5-10 products you might buy at …
- •Shopping (At the Supermarket)
- •Words and expressions
- •If I need …, I go to the … .
- •At the Supermarket
- •At the Restaurant
- •Words and expressions
- •In the Coffee Bar
- •Topical Vocabulary
- •Exercises The following words are often confused
- •By George Burns
- •Maladies of the 21st Century
- •Here are nine of the most common warning symptoms of stress. First decide if you have ever experienced the symptom. Then try to remember when and why, and make notes.
- •Now report to the class like this:
- •Coping with moods Depression
- •Make sentences like this:
- •Look at the list of jobs and arrange it from the most to the least stressful
- •B) Now work in pairs and compare your ideas with those of your partner’s
- •Your Place in the Stress League
- •What do you think?
- •Cfs. Tired All the Time
- •How does the illness usually start?
- •Is cfs contagious?
- •Tired All the Time: cfs
- •Conversation practice
- •Complete the dialogues:
- •Translate into English
- •The republic of belarus
- •Слова и словосочетания к тексту «The Republic of Belarus»
- •The Republic of Belarus
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Belorussian National Culture
- •Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Efrosinya Polotskaya
- •Vocabulary
- •Vitebsk is an Ancient Town
- •I am afraid you are mistaken.
- •I am sorry but I disagree with you.
- •I think you are right. .
- •Part II
- •Architectural monuments and Museums of Vitebsk
- •Part III Obligatory list of words:
- •Vitebsk as a Cultural Centre
- •Дом, открытый для всех
- •Part IV Obligatory list of words:
- •Vitebsk as a Centre of Industry and Education
- •Higher education
- •In great britain and in our country
- •Obligatory list of words: Ex.1.Read the words correctly, practise your sounds. Learn the words.
- •Higher Education. Universities.
- •British Universities
- •III. Making the summary System of Education in Great Britain.
- •V.A.Boiko Obligatory list of words:
- •School Education in Belarus
- •Sanctions
- •A) between two teachers
- •B) between a teacher and a parent
- •C) between the classmates
- •My future profession
- •Lawyer - юрист
- •A model teacher
- •Now do some exersises
- •Pupils as they are Ex. 12. Read the following list of words and divide them into 2 groups (positive
- •Ex. 18. Read the story and say what you think of this teacher. While translating use a dictionary if necessary. Flowers are red by Harry Chapin
- •Ex. 19. Read the following sayings about teacher’s profession and choose those you like best. Give your reasons. Teacher
- •Family matters
- •Ex. 3.Choose and say what you want your pal to do and what you don’t want
- •The Scholarship from “Green Years” by a.J. Cronin
- •Dating Customs
- •Will You Go out with Me?
- •Engagements, weddings, births and funerals getting engaged
- •Divorces rise and fewer get married
- •R Yes. First my family spoke to him, and then they called me in, and we talked for four, four or five minutes. My father decided immediately.
- •I Now you have two sons, don’t you, one twenty-one and one fifteen. Are you going to arrange their marriages?
- •Ex. 11.A) Read the text about different types of families and think of advantages
- •Nuclear Family, Extended Family
- •Relative Values
- •My Father
- •Is there a generation gap in your/your friend’s family? What are the reasons of conflicts? ecological problems
- •Ex. 5.Read and translate the following words of the same root. Determine the part of speech they belong to. Memorize them:
- •Ecological Problems
- •The Greenhouse Effect
- •The Destruction of the Ozone Layer
- •Acid Rain
- •Deforestation
- •The forest resources of the countries in the Baltic Region
- •Endangered Species
- •The Energy Trap
- •Measures to Be Taken
- •What You Can Do to Help!
- •The European Environment Agency (eea)
- •Оглавление
Measures to Be Taken
We have only a few years to attempt to turn things around. We must consume less, recycle more, conserve wildlife and nature. Through international co-operation, new laws financial incentives, governments can act to protect the Earth rather than destroy it. Industry can invest in research and development of new processes and technologies that reduce pollution, lessen waste and use natural, renewable resources.
Farming must be gradually changed to organic, this means farming without artificial fertilizers and chemical pesticides.
The amount of energy we use including energy consupmtion in transport must be reduced. To solve this problem and to put a stop to pollution we’ll have to find energy from alternative sources, such as solar collectors, solar ponds, high-temperature collectors, solar electricity, ocean heat, hydroelectricity, wave power, wind power, geothermal power, animal power, burning etc. Renew able resources can be produced near to the areas where they are needed, so that no energy is wasted in transporting or transmitting them. Most of them produce little or no pollution and they will never run out.
We could lessen the damage that transport is causing to our environment by making improvements in three areas – the source of energy we use for transport (oil, electricity, steam hydrogen, biofuels), the type of vehicles we drive and the way in which our transport is planned. Many European cities are trying a kind planning called “traffic calming”. The idea is that traffic should not be allowed to dominate cities.
Everything that can be recycled should be recycled. Recycling reduces waste and also helps save energy.
We must find a safe way of disposing our sewage. At the moment our seas and some of our rivers are heavily polluted with it. All sewage should be treated. The waste could then be used as fertiliser, or dried and burnt to provide power.
Rain forests could be managed rather than destroyed. Trade in wild animals and plants must be regulated and protected by international agreements and these should be a complete ban on trades that endanger wild animals – for example, trades in fur, ivory and rhino horns. We must save Antarctic from development. It is the last great wilderness left on the Earth.
Of course it’s impossible for all these things to happen overnight. Yet we must try to start putting them into practice to change our world. Doing nothing could eventually cost the Earth.
Lots of ideas have been put forward by organizations such as Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, the Green Party, the World Wide Fund for Nature, Transport 2000, the World Health Organization and many more and most of the environmental alternatives have a cost.
If enough people have the will, they can force governments to act. And once governments begin to act, then we all can look forward to a better future.
What You Can Do to Help!
Here are some ways in which you, your friends and your family can begin trying to save the Earth right now:
try not to waste energy
before you throw anything away, stop and think. Might someone else have a use for it?
if you have a choice, avoid buying packaged goods
don’t waste paper
before you buy anything, ask yourself if you really need it
never drop litter
protect wild life, wild plants and trees
put out food for wild creatures in winter
safeguard water supplies
don’t buy anything that involves cruelty to animals
help to clean up your local environment
try to reduce noise pollution
buy organic products wherever possible
join conservation organizations
keep yourself informed about environmental issues
explore nature in the right way
use the law of nature in your life
Ex. 14. Read the following statements and give your opinion. Try to develop the suggested ideas. Be ready to give your reasons orally.
1. What does the word “ecology” mean? – The word “ecology” came from the Greek which means “home”. 2. Ecology is the science of how living things are related to their environment, isn’t it? 3. What are some scientists’ predictions about environmental problems? – Scientists predict that by the year 2025 the population will rise 8.5 billion, and by the year 2050 in will double. 4. What are some types of pollution? 5. What can you do to make this world a better place? – There is much that we can do. Factories can clean their smoke. Cars and planes can be done so that they do not pollute the air. The dirty water from the factories and sewage can be made clean again. We must learn not to litter. 6. What can you do to help prevent pollution?
Ex. 15. Render in English:
Через искусство – к Зеленой планете – таким был девиз I Республиканского фестиваля «Дети и экология – XXI век». Фестиваль проходил в конце мая 2000г. в Республиканском Экологическом центре учащихся.
Как можно остановить загрязнение окружающей среды? Как привить чувство красоты? Один из классиков сказал: «Красота спасет мир».
Стремитесь к духовному совершенству3. С открытым сердцем входите в царство природы и, чутко внимая ее дивной музыке, станьте добрее, берегите ее, творите красоту своими руками.
Почему некоторые люди, имея глаза, не видят красоту полевого цветка, равнодушно проходят мимо заросшего белыми и желтыми кувшинками4 пруда. Имея уши, не слышат ни песни жаворонка5 в лазурном6 небе, ни трелей соловья7 в прибрежных кустах, ни волнообразной флейты золотой иволги8.
Ex. 16. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions.