4. Answer the following questions.

1. How is analogue sound recording achieved?

2. What happens during analogue sound reproduction?

3. How is digital recording made?

4. How is digital sound reproduced?

5. In what way has digital recording technology improved?

6. What stages are included into the process of making a recording nowadays?

7. What effects can you add to a digital sound?

5. Choose the best answer for the following definitions.

1. Conversion of analogue information into digital information.

A) reverberation B) digitization C) flanging

2. The act of making a master recording from which copies can be made.

A) mixing B) equalization C) mastering

3. The persistence of sound after its sources has been stopped.

A) tracking B) flanging C) reverberation

4. Pressed together or into less volume or space.

A) compressed B) uncompressed C) downloaded

5. A device that converts electric signals into audible sounds.

A) loudspeaker B) earphone C) synthesizer

6. To combine all of the audio components of a recording into a final soundtrack or mix.

A) flanging B) mixing C) level balancing

7. Audio effect produced by mixing two identical signals together, with one signal delayed by a small and gradually changing period, usually smaller than 20 milliseconds.

A) equalization B) tracking C) flanging

8. The act of reproducing recorded sound.

A) playback B) editing C) inscription

9. The degree to which an electronic system accurately reproduces the sound or image of its input signal.

A) deterioration B) equalization C) fidelity

10. The capacity of a system to reproduce loud sounds without distortion.

A) podcasting B) headroom C) frequency response

6. Match the following terms with their definitions.

1. multitrack recording	a) a number expressed in binary notation
2. frequency response	b) distributing (multimedia files) over the internet for playback on a mobile device or a personal computer
3. podcasting	c) a disc that can be used again and again
4. re-writable disc	d) curve representing the output-to-input ratio of a transducer as a function of frequency
5. binary numbers	e) a method of sound recording that allows for the separate recording of multiple sound sources to create a cohesive whole.

Grammar. Present Perfect.

We use Present Perfect to talk about actions which happened at some indefinite moment in the past. We are not interested in the time, but in the action itself. When we mention the time of the action we should use Past Simple.

1. I have been to Prague twice.

2. He has just completed his work on transducer.

7. Translate the following sentences from the text, paying attention to the translation of Present Perfect.

1. The most recent and revolutionary developments have been in digital recording…

2. New applications such as internet radio and podcasting have appeared.

3. Technological developments in recording and editing have transformed the record, movie and television industries in recent decades.