10. Match the words with an opposite meaning.

1. front 2. to complete 3. light 4. similar 5. early 6. short 7. push 8. to receive 9. to be able to 10. functionality 11. to contract

a) to be unable to b) to begin c) to widen d) late e) back f) uselessness g) darkness h) pull i) to send j) long k) different

Language Study. Actions in sequence

Study this flowchart, which describes what happens when the signals are received from the remote control.

1. A photodiode picks up rays from the remote control.

2. It feeds them into a decoding microchip.

3. They are interpreted and verified.

4. Your instructions are carried out.

We can link two stages in the flowchart to show the sequence of events like this:

1 + 2 When a photodiode picks up rays from the remote control, it feeds them into a decoding microchip.

2 + 3 After it feeds them into the microchip, they are interpreted and verified.

3 + 4 Once they are interpreted and verified, your instructions are carried out.

The part of each sentence beginning with a time word – when, after, once – is called a time clause.

When shows that one stage is followed immediately by the next stage.

After simply shows the sequence of stages – 1 comes before 2.

Once emphasizes that one stage is completed before the next stage begins.

Writing.

11. Go back to the flowchart you made in task 6. Write sentences to link stages 1 and 2, 3 and 4, and 5 and 6, using the time clauses.

12.Write the translation of the paragraph which your teacher will give you.

Lesson 10. Alarm and alarm systems

Lead-in.

1. What do you know about these alarms and alarm systems?

Alarm Clock

Personal Alarm

Car Alarm

Air Raid Siren

Burglar Alarm

Fire Alarm System

Distributed Control System

Medical Alarm

Reading and Vocabulary.

2. You are going to read the text about alarm systems. Before reading, clear up the meaning of the following words and expressions.

warning to flee the danger to attempt false alarm to waste resources emergency to awaken from naps reminder to emit to attract attention to scare off an assailant to discourage theft

to interrupt to approach to detect unauthorized entry direct to actuate manually to notify in the event of to summon to distribute assistance location

3.Read the information about different kinds of alarms and alarm systems. What alarms and alarm systems do you think people use more often than the others? Alarms and Alarm Systems

1. An alarm gives an audible or visual warning about a problem or condition: people flee the danger or attempt to eliminate it. False alarms can waste resources expensively and can be dangerous, because they may acclimatize people to ignore alarm signals and an emergency. There are different kinds of alarms and alarm systems.

2. An alarm clock is a clock that is designed to make a loud sound at a specific time. The primary use of these clocks is to awaken people from their night's sleep or short naps; they are sometimes used for other reminders as well. Most clocks automatically stop the alarm sound if left unattended long enough. Most modern devices have alarm clock functions.

3. A personal alarm is a small electronic device with the functionality to emit a loud siren-like alarming sound. It is used to attract attention and scare off an assailant. The sound can also have the effect of disorienting or surprising the assailant.

4. A car alarm is an electronic device installed in a car in an attempt to discourage theft of the car itself and its contents. Car alarms work by emitting high-volume sound, flashing some of the car's lights and sometimes via interrupting different electrical circuits necessary for the car to start.

5. An air raid siren is a mechanical or electronic device (modern-day sirens are electrically-powered) for generating sound to provide warning of approaching danger and sometimes to indicate when the danger has passed. They can warn of natural phenomena such as earthquakes or tornadoes.

6. Burglar alarms are systems designed to detect unauthorized entry into a building or area. They consist of a lot of sensors, a control panel and alerting system, and interconnections. Sensors detect burglars by a lot of methods such as passive infrared motion detectors or monitoring door and window contacts. Sensors may be wired to a control panel that provides sensor power or may communicate wirelessly.

7. A fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire. A fire alarm system is classified as automatically actuated, manually actuated or both. Automatic fire alarm systems notify the people to evacuate in the event of fire or smoke, summon emergency services and be ready to control the spread of fire and smoke.

8. A distributed control system (DCS) is a term used in a lot of industries to monitor and control distributed equipment. It generates alarms to direct the operator’s attention to an important event and informs about the bad working state of the system or its part.

9. A medical alarm is an electrical device that usually has a push button transmitter which a person may use to summon assistance to their location. The transmitter is designed to be worn around the neck, the wrist or clipped onto the clothing. Some alarms begin working automatically if they detect smoke, an intruder or a low room temperature.