- •3. Read the text and do the exercises.
- •The entire oil industry is often divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream and downstream.
- •Downstream (oil industry)
- •Upstream (oil industry)
- •Midstream (oil industry)
- •The Seven Sisters of the petroleum industry is a term coined by an Italian entrepreneur, Enrico Mattei, that refers to seven oil companies that dominated mid-20th century oil production, refinement, and distribution.
- •ROYAL DUTCH SHELL
- •Founded: 1907
- •Products: oil, natural gas, petrochemicals
- •Products: natural gas, petroleum
- •Headquarters: the Netherlands, principal offices in Houston, Paris and the Hague
- •Pronunciation of the name
- •12. Translate into English.
- •12. http://www.fourmilab.ch/gravitation/foobar/
- •15. http://www.fe.doe.gov/education/energylessons/oil/oil2.html
- •Exploration Methods
- •Elements of a petroleum prospect
- •Terms used in petroleum evaluation
- •Drill Stem Tests
- •A. Electric, Radioactivity and Acoustic (Sonic) Logging
- •2. ______ _______ invades the rock surrounding the wellbore, affects the logging of the hole and must be accounted for.
- •3. ______ _______ measure formation radioactivity.
- •Acidizing
- •2. Pay attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •Completion
- •Production
- •Abandonment
- •3. Pay attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •4. Read the following text and do the exercises.
- •2. Pay attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the most suitable words or terms from the text.
- •6. Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •People
- •9. Read the text “Drilling Rig” and fill in the missing words from the box. There is one extra word.
- •Drilling Rig
- •Drilling Rig Classification
- •4. Read the text “Hoisting system components” and do the exercises.
- •16. Read the text “PIPE (MATERIAL)” and fill in the missing information. The first sentence is done for you.
- •2. Pay attention to the stress in the following words. □ shows the position of stress.
- •2. Pay attention to the stress in the following words. □ shows the position of stress.
- •2. Pay attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •6. Fill in the gaps with the correct term.
- •Example: 7. relies upon
- •7. Scan through the following short definitions and do the after – task exercises.
- •Corrosion types
- •Crack characteristics can vary greatly depending on the cause of the crack, the materials being cracked, and the environment causing the cracking. The following photos show examples of crack profiles.
- •Applied coatings
- •15. Match the questions about “Cathodic protection” on the left with the answers on the right.
- •STEEL TANKS WITH FIXED ROOFS
- •STEEL TANKS WITH FLOATING ROOF
- •METHODS OF ERECTION OF CYLINDRICAL STEEL TANKS
- •APPENDIX 5
- •Dictionary of Pipeliner's Terms (SLANGS)
- •A. подаваемый ток
- •1. weakening
- •B. коррозионный элемент
- •2. rust
- •C. выходное напряжение
- •3. discoloration
- •D. интенсивность
- •4. impressed current
- •E. (удельная) проводимость
- •5. direct current
- •F. ослабление
- •6. corrosion cell
- •G. обезвоживание
- •7. output voltage
- •H. постоянный ток
- •8. severity
- •9. water removal
- •10. conductivity
- •K. толщина стенки
- •11. operating pressure
- •12. yield strength
- •L. ухудшения характеристик
- •M. рабочее давление
- •13. allowance
- •N. предел текучести
- •14. wall thickness
- •O. допуск
- •fracture
- •трещина
- •gradient
- •угол наклона, склон
- •circuitous
- •окольный, обходной
- •Reynolds number
- •число Рейнольда
- •interplay
- •взаимодействие
- •facet
- •сторона
- •aquifer
- •водоносный слой
- •porous media
- •пористая среда
- •pertinent
- •имеющий отношение
- •civil engineering
- •гражданское строительство
- •soil science
- •почвоведение
- •fluid mechanics
- •механика жидкости
- •inertia
- •инерция
- •Laplace equation
- •уравнение Лапласа
- •simulate
- •имитировать
- •heat conduction
- •теплопроводность
- •heat transfer
- •теплообмен
- •uncoupled processes
- •несвязанные процессы
- •soil moisture
- •влажность почвогрунта
- •viscous
- •вязкий
- •viscosity
- •вязкость ( жидкости, газа )
- •diffusion
- •диффузия
- •steady flow
- •transient flow
- •неустановившийся поток
- •15. deterioration
- •UNIT 1
- •Introduction to Economics and management
- •UNIT 2
- •Finance
- •UNIT 3
- •STOCK
- •UNIT 4
- •THE ECONOMY OF PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
- •UNIT 5
- •Taxation and audit
- •UNIT 6
- •Production and Costs
- •UNIT 7
- •BUSINESS PLAN
- •UNIT 8
- •International Business Etiquette AND ETHICS
- •References
- •3. Read the text “Hydrogeology: Key Terms and Concepts”, do the exercises
- •Hydrogeology
- •7. What are the subjects of the following sciences?
- •12. Fill in the chart with the necessary information from the text.
- •13. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms.
- •14. Read the following short texts and fulfill the after-reading exercises. Pay attention to the diagrams and underlined words.
- •Ground Water Aquifer
- •Confined or Artesian Aquifer
- •Drawdown – the vertical drop of the water level in a well caused by ground water pumping; also, the difference between the water level before pumping and the water level during pumping.
- •Make your own sentences with two of the expressions.
- •UNIT 4
- •THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
- •Compose your own sentences with two of the expressions.
- •5. Translate from Russian into English.
- •10. Answer the following questions.
- •1. What are the functions of atmosphere?
- •1. The phenomenon known as El Niňo
- •A) is confined to the Pacific Ocean.
- •D) caused the disappearance of the dinosaurs.
- •2. It was named after
- •3. It is caused by
- •A) the wind changing direction.
- •D) occurs every four or five years.
- •5. The effect of El Niňo
- •Make your own sentences with two of the expressions.
12. Fill in the chart with the necessary information from the text.
Jean-Baptiste de |
Joseph Prestwich |
Joseph Lucas |
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Lamarck |
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Date |
Input |
Date |
Input |
Date |
Input |
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13. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms.
bedrock |
коренная подстилающая порода |
yield (v) |
пропускать |
gravel |
гравий; галька, галечник |
confined / artesian aquifer |
напорные воды |
potentiometric |
регулирующий, потенциометрический |
water table well |
наблюдательная/ режимная скважина |
water table |
уровень подземных вод |
confining layer |
водоупор (водоносного пласта); кровля |
|
(водоносного пласта) |
perched aquifer/ groundwater |
верховодка; подземные воды, не |
|
связанные с нижележащими запасами |
outwash |
склоновая эрозия; смыв |
lens |
чечевицеобразная залежь |
sandwich |
помещать посередине, вставлять |
intercept |
задерживать, преграждать |
laterally |
сбоку |
unconfined aquifer |
безнапорные воды |
evapotransporation |
суммарное испарение (испарение плюс |
|
транспирация) |
consolidated rock |
сцементированная порода |
precipitation |
осадки |
capillary fringe |
капиллярная зона |
confining layer |
водоупор (водоносного пласта ); кровля |
|
( водоносного пласта ) |
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14. Read the following short texts and fulfill the after-reading exercises. Pay attention to the diagrams and underlined words.
Ground Water Aquifer
A water-bearing layer of rock or sediment capable of yielding usable quantities of water; composed of unconsolidated materials such as sands and gravel, or consolidated rock such as sandstone or fractured limestone.
Confined or Artesian Aquifer
stream – водоток; река ; water table well – наблюдательная/ режимная
скважина; (non) flowing artesian well – (не) проточная артезианская скважина; water table – уровень подземных вод; potentiometric surface
– потенциометрическая поверхность, confined aquifer – напорные воды; impermeable bedrock – непроницаемая подстилающая порода
An aquifer in which ground water is held under pressures greater than atmospheric pressure by upper and lower confining layers, forcing water to rise in wells to heights above the top of the aquifer (artesian wells). Also known as artesian aquifer.
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Perched Aquifer
stream - водоток; река; springs - родник; regional table water – местная наблюдательная/ режимная; low permeability layer - низкий проницаемый пласт
An aquifer in which a ground water body is separated from the main ground water below it by an impermeable layer (which is relatively small laterally) and an unsaturated zone. Perched aquifers are common in glacial outwash, where lenses of clay formed in small glacial ponds are present. They are also common in volcanic depositional sequences where weathered ash layers of low permeability are sandwiched between high permeability basalts. Water moving downward through the unsaturated zone will be intercepted and accumulate on top of the lens before it moves laterally to the edge of the lens and seeps downward to the regional water table or forms a spring on the side of a hillslope.
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Unconfined Aquifer
evapotransporation – суммарное испарение; stream –
водоток; река; precipitation – осадки; (un)saturated zone – (не) насыщенная зона; water table – уровень подземных вод; ,unconfined aquifer – безнапорные; capillary fringe – капиллярная зона; confined (artesian) aquifer – напорные воды
An aquifer under atmospheric pressure which is only partially filled with water. The top of the saturated area is known as the water table. It is also known as a water table aquifer.
(www.Wikipedia)
15. Read the texts once more carefully and choose the correct alternative for these words and word combinations.
1.sideways |
5. confined aquifer |
2. erosion |
6. rain, snow belong to |
3. stop \ catch smth |
7. vaporization |
4. be in a very small space between |
8. water table |
two other things |
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16. Find the words in texts with the opposite meaning to the following ones.
1.permeable
2.artesian aquifer
3.saturated zone
4.hillrise
17. Match the words in the right column with the words in the left one.
1. saturated |
A. aquifer |
2. artesian |
B. bedrock |
3. permeability |
C. zone |
4. atmospheric |
D. pressure |
5. impermeable |
E. layers |
6. depositional |
F. table |
7. unconsolidated |
G. sequences |
8. fractured |
H. outwash |
9. water |
I. limestone |
10. glacial |
J. materials |
18. Read underlined key hydrogeology terms and fulfill the after-reading exercises.
Artesian well – a well whose source of water is a confined (artesian) aquifer. The water level in artesian wells stands at some height above the water table because of the pressure (artesian pressure) of the aquifer. The level at which it stands is the potentiometric (or pressure) surface of the aquifer. If the potentiometric surface is above the land surface, the well is a flowing artesian well.
Capillary fringe – the area of the saturated zone just above the water table in which water is held in the soil by surface tension.
Cone of depression – the conical-shaped depression of the water table around a pumping well caused by the withdrawal of water; a valley in the water table. Because of pumping, ground water in the vicinity of the well will deviate from the natural direction of ground water flow and flow towards and into the well.
Confining layer – layer of geologic material which hampers the movement of water into and out of an aquifer. Examples are unfractured igneous rock, metamorphic rock, and shale, or unconsolidated sediments such as clays.
This is also known as a confining bed.
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