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4) Информативное чтение «Organelles» Прочтите текст, ответьте на вопросы после текста. Направлено на формирование компетенций – ок-1, ок-2 20 мин.

The human body contains many different organs, such as the heart, lung, and kidney, with each organ performing a different function. Cells also have a set of "little organs," called organelles, that can perform one or more vital functions. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have organelles but organelles in eukaryotes are more complex. There are several types of organelles in a cell. Some (such as the nucleus and golgi apparatus) are typically solitary, while others (such as mitochondria and lysosomes) can be numerous. The cytosol is the gelatinous fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.

  • Cell nucleus –a cell's information center and the most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It houses the cell's chromosomes, and is the place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis occur.

  • Mitochondria and Chloroplasts –self-replicating organelles that occur in various numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria play a critical role in generating energy in the eukaryotic cell.

  • Golgi apparatus –the primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.

  • Ribosomes –a large complex of RNA and protein molecules.

  • Lysosomes and Peroxisomes –help to digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and viruses or bacteria.

  • Centrosome –a key component of the cytoskeleton which is composed of two centrioles, which separate during cell division and help in the formation of the mitotic spindle.

  • Vacuoles – store food and waste.

Задание1.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1) What are organelles?

2) What is the difference between organelles of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

3) Which organelles typically solitary?

4) What is cytosol?

5) In what type of cells is the cell nucleus found?

6) What role do mitochondria play?

7) What are lysosomes responsible for?

8) What is the primary function of vacuoles?