Vocabulary, verbalization, communication, solution, imitate, imitation, assignment, subject, to express, expression.

Ex.4. Read and translate the following words. Mind the suffixes of nouns.

To verbalize – verbalization, to imitate – imitation, communicate – communication, to solve – solution; to check – checker, to drive – driver, to teach – teacher, to dance – dancer; to operate – operator, to act – actor.

Ex. 5. Read and translate the following words and word-combinations.

A means of communication, a limited vocabulary, to express emotions, to find solutions for problems, through play, to imitate adults, to recognize emotions, body movements, misbehaving, grown-up, the facial expressions, a subject for play, to give an opportunity, social situations.

Ex.6. Write all types of questions to the following sentences. Ask them to your partner.

1. Play is an educational process.

2. Play helps understand abstract concepts.

3. Group play also gives each child an opportunity to experience being a leader as well as a follower.

Ex. 7. Translate the first paragraph of the text above in writing.

Ex. 8.Choose the correct tense form:

1. I (go, will go, am going) to Italy next year.

2. How long (are you waiting, did you wait, have you been waiting) for us?

3. We (spent, have spent) our holiday abroad last summer.

4. I (didn’t see, haven’t seen) Mr. Manson since last Sunday.

5. She just (looked, has looked) through the morning mail and now she (is writing, writes) some letters.

6. We often (go, are going) to the library every evening.

7. He (has written, wrote) his first book in 1951.

8. When I (was seeing, saw) her, she was crossing the street.

Text 3.

The Functions and Value of Play (part II)

Ex.1.Learn the new words and word-combinations:

1. to discover – открывать, discovery – открытие;

2. to handle – трогать, брать, перебирать руками;

3. to investigate – изучать, исследовать;

4. to lead (to) – вести, приводить (к);

5. to release – отпускать, выпускать, пускать;

6. timid – робкий, застенчивый;

7. urgent – срочный, неотложный, необходимый;

Ex. 2. Read the following text.

By means of play, children can act out real life roles in an intense way. Play also gives them an opportunity to reverse the role they usually take in real life. A timid child may play at being a lion or a tiger. In the game, the shy person takes on the traditional character of these animals—becoming fearless, aggressive, and confident. He or she can growl and leap toward playmates, real or imaginary. Through the game, the child becomes something other than timid.

Play gives children an opportunity to release impulses that might be unacceptable in other situations. A child can kick a ball in frustration or play at “cops and robbers,” activities in which aggression and conflict are acceptable and in which feelings may be shown without fear of adult censure. Children sometimes use play situations to express their most urgent needs and to satisfy them. A child who feels the need for attention may play at being a dog. With barks and on all fours, the “dog” joins other playmates, who greet it by patting its head and hugging it as they would their own pets. In this way, the child gains desired attention and affection from others.

Play leads to discovery, reasoning, and thought. Children play with anything they can find—a pan, a rock, a pair of shoes, or a bicycle. They investigate and handle anything within their reach. They pull things apart and put them back together. They see how they change and what uses they may serve. They find that a cylinder, such as a metal can, rolls forward and backward, but that a sphere, such as a ball, rolls in any direction. They learn that though things may look much alike and seem much the same, they can act in quite different ways.

1. to growl – рычать

2. to leap – прыгать

3. “cops and robbers” – «полицейские и воры»

4. a metal can – банка консервов

Ex.3. Practice to pronounce the following words.