- •Предисловие
- •Contents
- •The internal combustion engine
- •Active Vocabulary to Text a
- •Exercises
- •The basic systems of the internal combustion engine
- •I cooling system
- •Active Vocabulary to Text b, I
- •II lubricating system
- •Active Vocabulary to Text b, II
- •Exercises
- •At a service station
- •Engine servicing
- •Active Vocabulary to Text c
- •Exercises
- •At the Service Station
- •Four stroke cycle of the diesel engine
- •The functions of the fuel
- •Electrical systems
- •Checking technical state of a car
- •Test questions
- •Lesson 2 tractors
- •Modern tractors
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •Constructional features of modern tractors
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •Diagnostic procedures
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Tractor t-40 am
- •Tracklaying tractors
- •Faults and remedies1 of the electrical equipment and relay-regulators
- •Faults and remedies of the starter, gearbox, rear axle and hydraulic system
- •Test questions
- •Lesson 3 cultivation machinery
- •Text a cultivation machinery
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •Modern plows
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •Service and maintenance of cultivation machinery
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Disk plows
- •Walking tractor
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •The combine you can rely on
- •Total quality standards
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •I think; As for me; In my opinion; As far as I understand.
- •Main faults of combine-harvesters
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Datavision tv monitor
- •Combines
- •Test questions
- •Additional texts for test translation
- •The horseless carriage
- •Daf diesel
- •Quality standards
- •Finding a fault in a car
- •Instructions for checking the spark plug
- •Some pieces of advice to an auto fan
- •Cultivator bertolini 315
- •Combines for the 21st century
- •Texts for independent work
- •The technology of maintenance
- •Of the machines in the agricultural-industrial complex
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Text 2 the central injection unit removal and installation
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Car of future
- •Transmission
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Text 5 reassembly
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Fuel pump
- •Fuel system
- •Removal and installation of the engine
- •Steering system
- •Air cleaner
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Quadram power engines
- •The electric system
- •Active Vocabulary
- •The lubrication system
- •Why we call it a «diesel» engine
- •Gearing friction gearing
- •Toothed bevel gearing
- •Removable excavating and loading implements
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Tomorrow's farm machinery
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Basic parts of the automobile
- •Active Vocabulary
- •The body structure of the new cars
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Toyota carina - e
- •Characteristics of the automobile Toyota Carina e
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Safety checks
- •Trunk Lid. Move the ornament upward to insert the key.
- •Detachable front seat belt. (Hardtop models). The shoulder belt can be detached from the front seat belt.
- •Important:
- •Warning/indicator/ monitoring light and chime
Service and maintenance of cultivation machinery
For all cultivation machinery it is characteristic to have common servicing and technical procedures. Main problems may occur in the frames, wheels, shafts, axles, bearing bodies, chains, etc.
A cultivator has a frame with a number of tines. It is mounted on a tractor and its working depth is controlled hydraulically. As with all cultivation machinery there is a wide range of working width - from 2 to 8 mm suitable for all sizes of tractors. Among the frame faults, we can detect the distortion, fractures and damage to the frame parts, and the wear of the bushings and bearings. All these faults can cause the malfunction of the operating parts and the gear mechanism. The frames are repaired by means of hydraulic attachments and heating.
We can detect faults in the wheels, shafts, axles, bearing bodies. They are: distortions or breakage of the rims, wear on the bushings, and loosening at the connection. The rim distortion can be eliminated by heating. The worn friction parts - the thread, bushings, connection pins, rollers, etc. - must be replaced.
Power-take-off-driven machinery is costly1 and needs regular maintenance to insure long working life2.
Take care of the cutting parts of the cultivation machinery. Tines used for soil cultivation must be sharp. While working, the tines get blunt and worn. The blunt blades cause bad operation and the reduction of the dimensions. All these result in the agrotechnical and power data.
NOTES
1costly - дорогой, дорогостоящий
2long working life - длительный период эксплуатации
Active Vocabulary to Text с
distortion - деформация |
rim - обруч |
fracture - излом |
thread - резьба |
dimension - размер |
eliminate - устранять |
to be sharp - быть острым |
data - данные |
loosening - ослабление |
blunt - тупой |
restore - ремонтировать |
reduction - уменьшение |
Exercises
1. Find Infinitives in the following sentences and state their function.
1. The main faults may occur in the frames.
2. To make the procedure easier heat the frame.
3. To eliminate the distortion heat the frame.
4. It is necessary to replace the worn bushings, shafts, rims, and threads.
5. Power-take-off-cultivation machinery is costly and needs regular maintenance in order to ensure long working life.
6. Tines are arranged across the frame to allow free passage of soil.
2. Find the sentences with the modal verbs in the text. Try to use their equivalents, where it is possible.
3. Insert the necessary words.
1. Power-take-off-driven cultivation...is costly and needs regular maintenance.
2. The rim...can be eliminated by heating.
3. The frames are restored by means of...and heating.
4. Take care of...of the cultivating machinery.
5. A...has a frame with a number of tines.
4. Try to continue the sentences.
1. For all cultivation machinery the main faults can occur in...
2. The frame faults are the following...
3. Frames are repaired by...
4. The main wheel faults are...
5. Rim distortion is corrected by...
6. Tines are mounted on the tractor and its...
7. Power-take-off-driven machinery is...
8. Take care of the cutting parts of...
9. Blunt blades cause...
5. Transform the sentences used in the Passive Voice into sentences in the Active Voice.
1. Rigid tines are used for heavier work.
2. Tines are arranged on the frame to allow free passage of soil.
3. The reversible share is used for seedbed and general work.
4. Worn cutting parts are characterized by the blunt blades.
5. Blunt shares of plows and tines of harrows are heated to be restored.
6. Transform the sentences into the Present Continuous.
1. Cultivation machinery has uniform servicing and technical procedures.
2. A cultivator has a frame with a number of tines, which breaks the soil.
3. Hydraulic attachments help to restore the frame.
4. As a rule we use rigid tines for heavier work.
7. Answer the questions.
1. What mechanisms and devices are called cultivation machinery?
2. Do all of them have uniform servicing and technological procedures?
3. Where can the main faults occur?
4. What are the main faults of the frame?
5. Why is it necessary to eliminate them?
6. How can we eliminate them?
7. What faults are typical of the wheels, axles, and bearing bodies?
8. What role does heating play?
9. Why is it necessary to keep cutting parts into working order?
10. What are the cutting parts of a plow?
11. What faults can we detect in the cutting parts?
12. How can we eliminate them?
8. Read the dialogue.
- Hey, what are you doing here?
- Something has gone wrong with the share.
- What's wrong?
- The tines don't work! They don't break the soil properly. The depth of tine operation is too small. That won't do!
- You are quite right! There are some restrictions concerning the seedbed and working depth. It ranges from 1,5 - to - 4,5 m depending on the model.
- I suppose there are some frame faults. One of them is frame distortion.
- Then you must correct it by heating. But I'm afraid the problem is in the share. The blades are blunted, so sharpen them.
- OK! I'll try to do it. Thanks a lot.
- No problem!
9. Answer the questions on the dialogue.
1. What has gone wrong with the share?
2. Why don't the tines work properly?
3. What is the working depth?
4. What frame fault does the farmer have?
5. What is necessary to do if the blades are blunted?
10. Make up a dialogue on the situation.
Imagine that you are a farmer (an expert in this field of activity). It turns out that the agricultural Academy sent a fourth-year student for a practice. The student is very diligent but he has little practice operating cutting machines. Teach him to operate the cutting machines and explain the main faults of the mechanisms.
11. Read and translate the texts in written form.