- •Предисловие
- •Contents
- •The internal combustion engine
- •Active Vocabulary to Text a
- •Exercises
- •The basic systems of the internal combustion engine
- •I cooling system
- •Active Vocabulary to Text b, I
- •II lubricating system
- •Active Vocabulary to Text b, II
- •Exercises
- •At a service station
- •Engine servicing
- •Active Vocabulary to Text c
- •Exercises
- •At the Service Station
- •Four stroke cycle of the diesel engine
- •The functions of the fuel
- •Electrical systems
- •Checking technical state of a car
- •Test questions
- •Lesson 2 tractors
- •Modern tractors
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •Constructional features of modern tractors
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •Diagnostic procedures
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Tractor t-40 am
- •Tracklaying tractors
- •Faults and remedies1 of the electrical equipment and relay-regulators
- •Faults and remedies of the starter, gearbox, rear axle and hydraulic system
- •Test questions
- •Lesson 3 cultivation machinery
- •Text a cultivation machinery
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •Modern plows
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •Service and maintenance of cultivation machinery
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Disk plows
- •Walking tractor
- •Active Vocabulary to Text а
- •Exercises
- •The combine you can rely on
- •Total quality standards
- •Active Vocabulary to Text в
- •Exercises
- •I think; As for me; In my opinion; As far as I understand.
- •Main faults of combine-harvesters
- •Active Vocabulary to Text с
- •Exercises
- •Datavision tv monitor
- •Combines
- •Test questions
- •Additional texts for test translation
- •The horseless carriage
- •Daf diesel
- •Quality standards
- •Finding a fault in a car
- •Instructions for checking the spark plug
- •Some pieces of advice to an auto fan
- •Cultivator bertolini 315
- •Combines for the 21st century
- •Texts for independent work
- •The technology of maintenance
- •Of the machines in the agricultural-industrial complex
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Text 2 the central injection unit removal and installation
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Car of future
- •Transmission
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Text 5 reassembly
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Fuel pump
- •Fuel system
- •Removal and installation of the engine
- •Steering system
- •Air cleaner
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Quadram power engines
- •The electric system
- •Active Vocabulary
- •The lubrication system
- •Why we call it a «diesel» engine
- •Gearing friction gearing
- •Toothed bevel gearing
- •Removable excavating and loading implements
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Tomorrow's farm machinery
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Basic parts of the automobile
- •Active Vocabulary
- •The body structure of the new cars
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Toyota carina - e
- •Characteristics of the automobile Toyota Carina e
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Safety checks
- •Trunk Lid. Move the ornament upward to insert the key.
- •Detachable front seat belt. (Hardtop models). The shoulder belt can be detached from the front seat belt.
- •Important:
- •Warning/indicator/ monitoring light and chime
Active Vocabulary to Text в
chassis - шасси |
clearance- зазор |
distribution - распределение |
valuable - ценный |
pin-point - точно определять |
even - редкий |
range - диапазон |
output - производительность |
handle - манипулировать |
enable - давать возможность |
layer - слой |
ample - достаточный, обширный |
plate - обшивать металлическим листом |
volume - количество, объем, емкость |
Exercises
1. Answer the questions.
1. Why has the MF combine taken an impressive lead in combine design?
2. Why is grain always separated from straw with the greatest efficiency?
3. Why can the MF combine give long service and unequalled reliability?
2. Find in the text the passages where:
1) combine chassis, 2) cylinder, 3) hydrostatic transmission, 4) grain table, are described.
Write out the words you will need to characterize these devices. Give your short characteristics.
3. Find passages about concave, sieves, and straw-walkers in the text. Reread them and give your commentary using:
I think; As for me; In my opinion; As far as I understand.
4. Make up the plan of the text. Divide it into some logical parts and entitle them. Define the main idea of each part.
5. Define the main idea of the text and summarize it in 2-3 sentences.
6. How do you interpret the title of the text? Try to give your own title.
7. Retell the text according to your plan.
TEXT C
Main faults of combine-harvesters
Testing procedures help to detect the main faults and find out the type, and amount1 of servicing and maintenance. The main faults are: the damage to the header, the connecting rod, bearings, reel rotation variator, the cutter bar, and the knife. Also we can find fractures, distortion and wear of the pins, bushings, auger parts, bearings and gears, and the shafts of the drums and concaves with the decks. Serious problems can be caused by faults in the elevator, the straw-walkers, the sieves, and the coupling parts of the drive axle, the differential, the reducer, and the gearbox.
To eliminate all these faults you should do the following: first improve2 the header distortion by heating and fixing3 it. The cutting bar damages result in the cutting quality, so change or improve the knives. Use the hydra cylinder with the lever to avoid the carcass distortion. Examine the elevator carefully, and define the length of the chains. To eliminate beater faults dismantle it. Replace worn bearings, shafts, and bearing bodies. Use clamps to fix the concave, and restore the plates form. Cut away damaged straw-walkers and restore the initial form of the crankshaft. The quality of repair depends on the right assembly of the gearbox, reducer, steering gear clutch and other parts.
Controls and adjustments of all parts provide a perfect operation state for a combine harvester. The even flow4 of the crops to the drum and concave is impossible without correct adjustment. Incorrect setting of the pick-up reel will cause large cutter bar losses. It is necessary to provide the contact between the reel and the straw and more than that the reel speed should be faster than the forward speed of the combine.
When you deal with laid crops5 the reel should be set well forward. The cutter bar and the knife must be in good condition. You should hold the cutter bar at the height of 3 in. above the ground. But some combines are equipped with an automatic cutting height control system. This provides a regular stubble height.
In heavy straw crops there is a problem of excessive loss of grain over the back of the straw-walkers. To avoid it, reduce forward speed or raise the cutter bar a little.
Adjust the distance between the auger and the platform to prevent blockages of straw on the auger, depending on the crop conditions. Regulate the drum and concave to achieve well threshed grain. Take into account the crop, its conditions and moisture content. Minimize cylinder speed to give complete threshing. Otherwise all the grain won't be removed from the ears. High cylinder speeds will crack the grain.
To give complete threshing makes the concave clearance as wide as possible. A wide concave clearance leaves the grain in the ears. A narrow clearance will crack the grain. But you should keep in mind that the concave clearance should be wider at the front than at the back and this is controlled automatically.
NOTES
1amount - объем
2improve - улучшать
3by fixing - с помощью фиксирования, фиксированием
4even flow - равномерный поток
5laid crops - полеглые культуры