- •Часть II
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 water – nature’s treasure or …?
- •Answer the following questions. Work in groups of four.
- •2. Read the text «What is Water» and find out whose ideas were closest to the facts. What is Water?
- •3. Work in pairs. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. What are the questions?
- •4. Work in pairs. One student reads the given statements, the other pretends that he does not hear and asks him/her to repeat. Take turns.
- •5. Read the situations suggested choose the one you like, make up a dialogue and act it out.
- •6. Role play.
- •Imagine that you are one of the water states: ice, gas or water vapor. What’s happening with you?
- •7. You are a citizen of a big city who is very concerned with water resources problems. Write an article. Touch upon the following aspects.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 2 hydrogeology
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •Read the following word formations and remember their pronunciation.
- •Read the text “Hydrogeology: Key Terms and Concepts”, fulfill the exercises. Hydrogeology
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
- •7. What are the subjects of the following sciences?
- •Answer the following questions.
- •9. Pay attention to the terms and expressions in the text.
- •Joseph Lucas and the Term "Hydrogeology"
- •11. These dates are the stages of hydrogeology term
- •12. Fill in the chart with the necessary information from the text.
- •13. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms.
- •Unconfined Aquifer
- •15. Read the texts once more carefully and choose the correct alternative for these words and words combinations.
- •16. Find in the texts words with the opposite meaning to the following ones.
- •17. Match the words in the right column with the words in the left one.
- •18. Read underlined key hydrogeology terms and fulfill the after-reading exercises.
- •19.Match the English term with the Russian one.
- •20. Match the terms with the definitions.
- •21. Look at the diagrams below and describe them. Use the following words and word combinations.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 3 the circulation of water in the interior of the earth
- •1. Read the following word formations and remember their pronunciation.
- •2. Read the text “Hydrologic cycle”. Pay attention to the diagram. Fulfill the exercises after the text.
- •Hydrologic Cycle
- •Match the English term with the Russian one.
- •4. Match the terms with definitions.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the missing words. Don’t change the form given.
- •6. For questions 1-10 read the text below. Use the words in the box to the right of the text to form one word that fits in the same numbered space in the text. The exercise begins with an example (0).
- •7. Discussion- You have to give a lecture on “Hydrologic cycle”. Use the keys and diagram.
- •8. Now look at the keys for 45 seconds, try to remember the terms. Close your course book and write down the words. Be honest! The person who has more words is the winner.
- •9. Look at the schematic illustration of the hydrologic cycle for 30 seconds and then try to draw it. Afterwards ask your partner to describe it.
- •10. Work in groups and discuss your opinions. Can your group reach an agreement? Read the quotation of the famous hydrogeologist b.L.Lichkov and share your ideas.
- •11. Now prepare a presentation “The Hydrological Cycle” for the Student Science Conference. The following plan and phrases will help you. Plan
- •Useful phrases and expressions
- •Wordlist
- •References
- •Часть II
Unit 3 the circulation of water in the interior of the earth
The term hydrologic cycle (from the Greek hydro-, meaning "water") refers to the complex system whereby water circulates among its various reservoirs at and near the surface of the Earth. The hydrologic cycle is the global-scale, endless recirculatory process linking water in the atmosphere, on the continents, and in the oceans.
Lead-in
Work in pairs. Look at the following diagrams. What do they show? How would you entitle them? Ask questions to find out more information.
Fig.1. Hydrologic cycle
|
Fig.2. Cross- section of hydrologic cycle
Look at the figure of the hydrologic cycle below. What do the given values mean?
Fig.3. Hydrologic cycle
What do the arrows on the figure mean? Match the terms (in clouds) with the arrows.
1. Read the following word formations and remember their pronunciation.
evaporate – evaporation – evaporative
precipitate – precipitation – precipitable
accumulate – accumulation – accumulative
infiltrate – infiltration – infiltrated
circulate – circulation – circulatory – recirculatory
store – storage – stored
saturate – saturation – saturated
retain – retaining
charge – recharge – discharge
2. Read the text “Hydrologic cycle”. Pay attention to the diagram. Fulfill the exercises after the text.
Fig.4. Diagram of the hydrologic cycle
Hydrologic Cycle
The term hydrologic cycle (from the Greek hydro-, meaning "water") refers to the complex system whereby water circulates among its various reservoirs at and near the surface of the Earth. These reservoirs include the oceans, the atmosphere, underground water, surface water, glaciers, and the polar ice caps. The hydrologic cycle pervades our terrestrial existence, playing a key role in many natural phenomena. It is directly coupled to the Earth's energy cycle, because solar radiation combines with gravity to drive the global circulation of water. This circulation, in turn, plays an important role in the heat balance of the Earth's surface.
The hydrologic cycle is also closely linked to the geosphere and its rock cycle. Water erodes geologic materials, and the breakdown of these materials releases many chemical constituents that in turn define the chemical nature of the water. Water can also build geologic formations, through both chemical and mechanical depositional processes. Water is essential to all life forms in the planetary biosphere. Even the slightest differences in the volumes and chemical compositions of natural waters can have a tremendous impact on biologic communities. As such an essential natural resource, water is of major concern in local, regional, and international law, and has been at the root of many international conflicts.
(Patricia A.Maurice Earth Systems:Processes and Issues, 2000,Cambridge University Press)