- •Часть II
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 water – nature’s treasure or …?
- •Answer the following questions. Work in groups of four.
- •2. Read the text «What is Water» and find out whose ideas were closest to the facts. What is Water?
- •3. Work in pairs. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. What are the questions?
- •4. Work in pairs. One student reads the given statements, the other pretends that he does not hear and asks him/her to repeat. Take turns.
- •5. Read the situations suggested choose the one you like, make up a dialogue and act it out.
- •6. Role play.
- •Imagine that you are one of the water states: ice, gas or water vapor. What’s happening with you?
- •7. You are a citizen of a big city who is very concerned with water resources problems. Write an article. Touch upon the following aspects.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 2 hydrogeology
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •Read the following word formations and remember their pronunciation.
- •Read the text “Hydrogeology: Key Terms and Concepts”, fulfill the exercises. Hydrogeology
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
- •7. What are the subjects of the following sciences?
- •Answer the following questions.
- •9. Pay attention to the terms and expressions in the text.
- •Joseph Lucas and the Term "Hydrogeology"
- •11. These dates are the stages of hydrogeology term
- •12. Fill in the chart with the necessary information from the text.
- •13. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms.
- •Unconfined Aquifer
- •15. Read the texts once more carefully and choose the correct alternative for these words and words combinations.
- •16. Find in the texts words with the opposite meaning to the following ones.
- •17. Match the words in the right column with the words in the left one.
- •18. Read underlined key hydrogeology terms and fulfill the after-reading exercises.
- •19.Match the English term with the Russian one.
- •20. Match the terms with the definitions.
- •21. Look at the diagrams below and describe them. Use the following words and word combinations.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 3 the circulation of water in the interior of the earth
- •1. Read the following word formations and remember their pronunciation.
- •2. Read the text “Hydrologic cycle”. Pay attention to the diagram. Fulfill the exercises after the text.
- •Hydrologic Cycle
- •Match the English term with the Russian one.
- •4. Match the terms with definitions.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the missing words. Don’t change the form given.
- •6. For questions 1-10 read the text below. Use the words in the box to the right of the text to form one word that fits in the same numbered space in the text. The exercise begins with an example (0).
- •7. Discussion- You have to give a lecture on “Hydrologic cycle”. Use the keys and diagram.
- •8. Now look at the keys for 45 seconds, try to remember the terms. Close your course book and write down the words. Be honest! The person who has more words is the winner.
- •9. Look at the schematic illustration of the hydrologic cycle for 30 seconds and then try to draw it. Afterwards ask your partner to describe it.
- •10. Work in groups and discuss your opinions. Can your group reach an agreement? Read the quotation of the famous hydrogeologist b.L.Lichkov and share your ideas.
- •11. Now prepare a presentation “The Hydrological Cycle” for the Student Science Conference. The following plan and phrases will help you. Plan
- •Useful phrases and expressions
- •Wordlist
- •References
- •Часть II
11. These dates are the stages of hydrogeology term
development. What do they stand for?
12. Fill in the chart with the necessary information from the text.
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck |
Joseph Prestwich |
Joseph Lucas |
|||
Date |
Input |
Date |
Input |
Date |
Input |
|
13. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms.
bedrock |
коренная подстилающая порода |
yield (v) |
пропускать |
gravel |
гравий; галька, галечник |
confined / artesian aquifer |
напорные воды |
potentiometric |
регулирующий, потенциометрический |
water table well |
наблюдательная/ режимная скважина |
water table |
уровень подземных вод |
confining layer |
водоупор (водоносного пласта) ; кровля (водоносного пласта) |
perched aquifer/ groundwater |
верховодка; подземные воды, не связанные с нижележащими запасами |
outwash |
склоновая эрозия; смыв |
lens |
чечевицеобразная залежь |
sandwich |
помещать посередине, вставлять |
intercept |
задерживать, преграждать |
laterally |
сбоку |
unconfined aquifer |
безнапорные воды |
evapotransporation |
суммарное испарение (испарение плюс транспирация) |
consolidated rock |
сцементированная порода |
precipitation |
осадки |
capillary fringe |
капиллярная зона |
confining layer |
водоупор (водоносного пласта ); кровля ( водоносного пласта ) |
14. Read the following short texts and fulfill the after-reading exercises. Pay attention to the diagrams and underlined words.
Ground Water Aquifer
A water-bearing layer of rock or sediment capable of yielding usable quantities of water; composed of unconsolidated materials such as sands and gravel, or consolidated rock such as sandstone or fractured limestone.
Confined or Artesian Aquifer
An aquifer in which ground water is held under pressures greater than atmospheric pressure by upper and lower confining layers, forcing water to rise in wells to heights above the top of the aquifer (artesian wells). Also known as artesian aquifer.
Perched Aquifer
An aquifer in which a ground water body is separated from the main ground water below it by an impermeable layer (which is relatively small laterally) and an unsaturated zone. Perched aquifers are common in glacial outwash, where lenses of clay formed in small glacial ponds are present. They are also common in volcanic depositional sequences where weathered ash layers of low permeability are sandwiched between high permeability basalts. Water moving downward through the unsaturated zone will be intercepted and accumulate on top of the lens before it moves laterally to the edge of the lens and seeps downward to the regional water table or forms a spring on the side of a hillslope.