- •Часть II
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 water – nature’s treasure or …?
- •Answer the following questions. Work in groups of four.
- •2. Read the text «What is Water» and find out whose ideas were closest to the facts. What is Water?
- •3. Work in pairs. Here are the answers to some questions about the text. What are the questions?
- •4. Work in pairs. One student reads the given statements, the other pretends that he does not hear and asks him/her to repeat. Take turns.
- •5. Read the situations suggested choose the one you like, make up a dialogue and act it out.
- •6. Role play.
- •Imagine that you are one of the water states: ice, gas or water vapor. What’s happening with you?
- •7. You are a citizen of a big city who is very concerned with water resources problems. Write an article. Touch upon the following aspects.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 2 hydrogeology
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •Read the following word formations and remember their pronunciation.
- •Read the text “Hydrogeology: Key Terms and Concepts”, fulfill the exercises. Hydrogeology
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
- •7. What are the subjects of the following sciences?
- •Answer the following questions.
- •9. Pay attention to the terms and expressions in the text.
- •Joseph Lucas and the Term "Hydrogeology"
- •11. These dates are the stages of hydrogeology term
- •12. Fill in the chart with the necessary information from the text.
- •13. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following terms.
- •Unconfined Aquifer
- •15. Read the texts once more carefully and choose the correct alternative for these words and words combinations.
- •16. Find in the texts words with the opposite meaning to the following ones.
- •17. Match the words in the right column with the words in the left one.
- •18. Read underlined key hydrogeology terms and fulfill the after-reading exercises.
- •19.Match the English term with the Russian one.
- •20. Match the terms with the definitions.
- •21. Look at the diagrams below and describe them. Use the following words and word combinations.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 3 the circulation of water in the interior of the earth
- •1. Read the following word formations and remember their pronunciation.
- •2. Read the text “Hydrologic cycle”. Pay attention to the diagram. Fulfill the exercises after the text.
- •Hydrologic Cycle
- •Match the English term with the Russian one.
- •4. Match the terms with definitions.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the missing words. Don’t change the form given.
- •6. For questions 1-10 read the text below. Use the words in the box to the right of the text to form one word that fits in the same numbered space in the text. The exercise begins with an example (0).
- •7. Discussion- You have to give a lecture on “Hydrologic cycle”. Use the keys and diagram.
- •8. Now look at the keys for 45 seconds, try to remember the terms. Close your course book and write down the words. Be honest! The person who has more words is the winner.
- •9. Look at the schematic illustration of the hydrologic cycle for 30 seconds and then try to draw it. Afterwards ask your partner to describe it.
- •10. Work in groups and discuss your opinions. Can your group reach an agreement? Read the quotation of the famous hydrogeologist b.L.Lichkov and share your ideas.
- •11. Now prepare a presentation “The Hydrological Cycle” for the Student Science Conference. The following plan and phrases will help you. Plan
- •Useful phrases and expressions
- •Wordlist
- •References
- •Часть II
4. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.
Hydrogeology is the area of geology that deals _________the distribution and movement _______ groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust.
It is difficult to account__________ the chemical, physical biological and even legal interactions between soil water, nature and society.
Scientists should take _____ account the interplay of the different facets of a multi-component system,
Many laws of groundwater flow can be derived _______fluid mechanics.
Some solutions to hydrological problems have been adapted _______ heat transfer literature.
5. Complete the sentences.
1. Taking into account ___________________________________.
2. As stated above ______________________________________.
3. Traditionally _________________________________________.
4. As the field of hydrogeology matures ______________________.
5. Because _____________________________________________.
6. On the other hand ______________________________________.
6. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
1. Hydrogeology is the (раздел) of geology that (занимается, имеет дело с) the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust, (как правило) in aquifers.
2. Some make the (незначительное отличие) between a hydrologist or engineer applying themselves to geology (geohydrology), and a geologist applying themselves to hydrology (hydrogeology).
3. It can be difficult to (рассматривать, считать) fully the chemical, physical, biological and even legal interactions between soil, water, nature and society.
4. The study of the (взаимодействие) between groundwater movement and geology can be quite complex.
5. (Принимая во внимание) the interplay of the different facets of a multi-component system often requires knowledge in several diverse fields at both the experimental and theoretical levels.
6. Hydrogeology, (как упомянуто выше), is a (раздел) of the earth sciences dealing with the flow of water through aquifers and other shallow porous (среда).
7. Groundwater is a slow-moving, (вязкая) fluid (with a Reynolds number less than unity); many of the (законы, установленные эмпирическим путём) of groundwater flow can be alternately derived in fluid mechanics from the special case of Stokes flow -(вязкость) and pressure terms, but no inertial term.
8. Steady groundwater flow (уравнение Лапласа) has been simulated using electrical, elastic and heat conduction analogies.
9. Traditionally, (движение подземных вод) has been studied separately from surface water, (климатология), and even the chemical and microbiological aspects of hydrogeology.
10. (С развитием гидрогеологии), the strong interactions between groundwater, surface water, water chemistry, soil moisture and even climate are becoming more clear.
7. What are the subjects of the following sciences?
1. Hydrology |
deals with is concerned with |
flow of water through aquifers and other shallow porous media. |
2. Hydrogeology |
farming |
|
3. Topography |
planning, building and repair of roads, bridges, large buildings. |
|
4. Civil engineering |
all aspects of the waters of the Earth: their circulation; their chemical and physical properties; and their reaction with the environment, including their relation to living things. |
|
5. Agriculture |
describing an area of land, or making maps of it. |