- •Часть II
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 Oil exploration
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pay attention to the pronunciation the following words.
- •2. Read the text “Exploration methods” and fulfill the exercises. Exploration Methods
- •Elements of a petroleum prospect
- •Terms used in petroleum evaluation
- •3. Give definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Find English equivalents to the following Russian sentences.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •6. Pronounce the following terms. Pay attention to the letters in bold.
- •7. Scan the text “Finding oil» and answer the after-text questions Finding Oil
- •8. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •9. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •10. Read the text “How to find oil” and fulfill the exercises. How to Find Oil
- •11. Form adjectives and nouns from the following verbs.
- •12. Give the Russian equivalent to the following terms.
- •13. Give the English equivalent to the Russian term.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •15. Read the text “Geological Prospecting” and fulfill the exercises. Geological Prospecting
- •16. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •17. Draw a diagram of geological prospecting and describe it.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 2 oil extraction
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the underlined stress.
- •2. The following words and phrases appear in the text.
- •3. Complete the following table. The final column of the table should be completed by filling the word class judging by its position in relation to other words and its function in the text.
- •4. Read the text “How to Extract Oil” and fulfill the exercises. How to Extract Oil
- •10. Match the words with their definitions.
- •11. Work in pairs. Ask your partner the following questions.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 3 reservoir rock properties
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •2. Read the text “Hydrocarbon traps” and fulfill the exercises.
- •Hydrocarbon Traps
- •3. Say whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct them according to the text.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •5. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the letters in bold and the underlined stress.
- •6. Read the text “Migration and accumulation of petroleum” and fulfill the exercises. Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum
- •7. Form adjectives and nouns from the following verbs.
- •8. Give Russian equivalents to the following English ones.
- •9. Define the following terms.
- •11. Answer the following questions.
- •12. Put a preposition into the following gaps.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •13. Detailed reading. Read the text “Porosity” and fulfill the exercises. Porosity
- •14. Give the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
- •15. State the synonyms to the following terms.
- •16. Translate the following sentences.
- •17. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •18. Read the text “Permeability” and fulfill the exercises. Permeability
- •Factors affecting the magnitude of permeability
- •19. Find the words to the following definitions and translate them into Russian.
- •20. Match the word phrases in the left column with the word phrases in the right. Find them in the text and write these sentences out. Give Russian equivalent to the English ones.
- •21. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
- •22. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •23. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the letters in bold.
- •24. Read the text Wettability” and fulfill the exercises. Wettability
- •25. Give the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
- •26. Read the sentences and decide whether they are True (t) or False (f). If false, correct the statement.
- •27. Answer the following questions and find the proof in the text.
- •28. Complete the sentences using the terms of the text.
- •29. Work in pairs. Compose dialogues describing primary and secondary hydrocarbon migration using the terminology of the text and communicative formulae (pg. 19).
- •30. You have to give a lecture on reservoir rock properties. Two groups work out presentations on this topic. Wordlist
- •Unit 4
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text “Coring” and fulfill the exercises. Coring
- •Drill Stem Tests
- •2. Define the following terms with their similar meaning in Russian.
- •3. Give the Russian equivalent to the following terms.
- •4. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •5. Read the text “(Wire) Well Logging Techniques” and fulfill the exercises.
- •7. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
- •8. Complete the sentences using the following terminology.
- •Several types of measurements produce information on formation rock ______ _______, density, radioactivity, porosity, ______ , _______, fluid saturation and permeability.
- •______ _______ Invades the rock surrounding the wellbore, affects the logging of the hole and must be accounted for.
- •______ _______ Measure formation radioactivity.
- •9. Answer the following questions.
- •11. Scan the text “Well stimulation”. Find the particular information:
- •Well Stimulation
- •Acidizing
- •12. Groupwork. Discuss the above given task. Use the communicative formulae (pg. 19)
- •13. Pay attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •14. Read the text “Drive Mechanisms” and fulfill the exercises. First study the following specific term definitions to help you understand the text.
- •Drive Mechanisms
- •1. Water drive; 2. Dissolved – gas drive 3. Gas – cap drive
- •15. Give synonyms to the following words.
- •16. Define the following terms.
- •17. State whether the following statements are true or false.
- •18. Answer the following questions.
- •19. In pairs discuss advantages and disadvantages of drive mechanisms you know.
- •Wordlist
- •Appendix using oil
- •References
- •Часть II
14. Give the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
1. void space |
14. conductivity |
2. pore space |
15. dead – ends |
3. framework |
16. leaching |
4. packing arrangement |
17. irreducible fluids |
5. wide – packed system |
18. plane |
6. close – packed system |
19. bedding plane |
7. uniformity |
20. lattice |
8. solution porosity |
21.miscellaneous |
9. gradation |
22. vuggy |
10. squeeze out |
23. slumping |
11. expulsion |
24.heterogeneity |
12. interconnected |
25. structural failure |
13. gradation |
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15. State the synonyms to the following terms.
Pore space
Effective porosity
Primary porosity
Intergranular
Secondary porosity
Absolute porosity
Grain size
Sorting
16. Translate the following sentences.
1. The material of which a petroleum reservoir rock may be composed of can range from very loose and unconsolidated sand to very hard and dense sandstones.
2. As the sediments were deposited and the rocks were being formed during past geological times, some void spaces that developed became isolated from the other void spaces by excessive cementation.
3. From the reservoir – engineering standpoint, effective porosity is the desired quantitative value because it represents the space that is occupied by mobile fluids.
4. Rock properties are determined by performing laboratory core analysis.
5. Many of the void spaces are interconnected while some of the pore spaces are completely isolated.
17. Answer the following questions.
1. What is porosity? (definition)
2. What is the average value of porosity?
3. What factors govern the magnitude of porosity?
4. There two categories of porosity. What are they?
5. What is the difference between effective porosity and total porosity?
6. What is “effective porosity”?
7. How is effective porosity affected by?
8. What is absolute porosity?
9. Can a rock have considerable absolute porosity, but have no fluid conductivity? Why?
10. What is the geological classification of porosity? (description).
11. What is the difference in translating the following terms: joint, fissure, and fracture?
12. What is the general geological classification of porosity based on?
13. What are the main characteristic features of primary porosity?
14. What is secondary porosity?
15. What are the three groups of secondary porosity? What are these groups based on?
16. In what type of reservoir rock is secondary porosity more important than primary porosity?
17. Can both types of porosity occur in one and the same reservoir rock?
18. What are fluids?
19. What is microporosity?
20. What rocks show little evidence of physical compaction?
21. What are cementing materials?
22. What is cementation?
23. What is the basic mechanism for primary migration of petroleum?
24. What is pore space?
25. What is the porosity of most sedimentary rocks?
26. What is the approximate porosity of a cubic system?
27. What does sorting depend on? (factors).
28. When does cementation take place?
29. What is the porosity of petroleum reservoirs in Tomsk region? (average).
30. What porosity - effective or absolute – is used in reservoir engineering calculations?