- •Часть II
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 Oil exploration
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pay attention to the pronunciation the following words.
- •2. Read the text “Exploration methods” and fulfill the exercises. Exploration Methods
- •Elements of a petroleum prospect
- •Terms used in petroleum evaluation
- •3. Give definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Find English equivalents to the following Russian sentences.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •6. Pronounce the following terms. Pay attention to the letters in bold.
- •7. Scan the text “Finding oil» and answer the after-text questions Finding Oil
- •8. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •9. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •10. Read the text “How to find oil” and fulfill the exercises. How to Find Oil
- •11. Form adjectives and nouns from the following verbs.
- •12. Give the Russian equivalent to the following terms.
- •13. Give the English equivalent to the Russian term.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •15. Read the text “Geological Prospecting” and fulfill the exercises. Geological Prospecting
- •16. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •17. Draw a diagram of geological prospecting and describe it.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 2 oil extraction
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the underlined stress.
- •2. The following words and phrases appear in the text.
- •3. Complete the following table. The final column of the table should be completed by filling the word class judging by its position in relation to other words and its function in the text.
- •4. Read the text “How to Extract Oil” and fulfill the exercises. How to Extract Oil
- •10. Match the words with their definitions.
- •11. Work in pairs. Ask your partner the following questions.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 3 reservoir rock properties
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •2. Read the text “Hydrocarbon traps” and fulfill the exercises.
- •Hydrocarbon Traps
- •3. Say whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct them according to the text.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •5. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the letters in bold and the underlined stress.
- •6. Read the text “Migration and accumulation of petroleum” and fulfill the exercises. Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum
- •7. Form adjectives and nouns from the following verbs.
- •8. Give Russian equivalents to the following English ones.
- •9. Define the following terms.
- •11. Answer the following questions.
- •12. Put a preposition into the following gaps.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •13. Detailed reading. Read the text “Porosity” and fulfill the exercises. Porosity
- •14. Give the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
- •15. State the synonyms to the following terms.
- •16. Translate the following sentences.
- •17. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •18. Read the text “Permeability” and fulfill the exercises. Permeability
- •Factors affecting the magnitude of permeability
- •19. Find the words to the following definitions and translate them into Russian.
- •20. Match the word phrases in the left column with the word phrases in the right. Find them in the text and write these sentences out. Give Russian equivalent to the English ones.
- •21. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
- •22. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •23. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the letters in bold.
- •24. Read the text Wettability” and fulfill the exercises. Wettability
- •25. Give the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
- •26. Read the sentences and decide whether they are True (t) or False (f). If false, correct the statement.
- •27. Answer the following questions and find the proof in the text.
- •28. Complete the sentences using the terms of the text.
- •29. Work in pairs. Compose dialogues describing primary and secondary hydrocarbon migration using the terminology of the text and communicative formulae (pg. 19).
- •30. You have to give a lecture on reservoir rock properties. Two groups work out presentations on this topic. Wordlist
- •Unit 4
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text “Coring” and fulfill the exercises. Coring
- •Drill Stem Tests
- •2. Define the following terms with their similar meaning in Russian.
- •3. Give the Russian equivalent to the following terms.
- •4. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •5. Read the text “(Wire) Well Logging Techniques” and fulfill the exercises.
- •7. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
- •8. Complete the sentences using the following terminology.
- •Several types of measurements produce information on formation rock ______ _______, density, radioactivity, porosity, ______ , _______, fluid saturation and permeability.
- •______ _______ Invades the rock surrounding the wellbore, affects the logging of the hole and must be accounted for.
- •______ _______ Measure formation radioactivity.
- •9. Answer the following questions.
- •11. Scan the text “Well stimulation”. Find the particular information:
- •Well Stimulation
- •Acidizing
- •12. Groupwork. Discuss the above given task. Use the communicative formulae (pg. 19)
- •13. Pay attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •14. Read the text “Drive Mechanisms” and fulfill the exercises. First study the following specific term definitions to help you understand the text.
- •Drive Mechanisms
- •1. Water drive; 2. Dissolved – gas drive 3. Gas – cap drive
- •15. Give synonyms to the following words.
- •16. Define the following terms.
- •17. State whether the following statements are true or false.
- •18. Answer the following questions.
- •19. In pairs discuss advantages and disadvantages of drive mechanisms you know.
- •Wordlist
- •Appendix using oil
- •References
- •Часть II
15. Read the text “Geological Prospecting” and fulfill the exercises. Geological Prospecting
To track down useful minerals or other substances below the ground the geologist gathers all information already known about the area to be explored. Next, he or she maps this geologically, noting surface clues like faults and gangue minerals including quartz. Then the geologist can bring to bear any of a battery of tests. Geochemical tests analyze rock and other samples for trace elements that may lead the geologist to a major ore body. Geophysical tests include the following. Geiger counters or scintillation counters detect radioactive substances such as uranium. Gravimeters reveal variations in the density and identify the composition of underlying rocks.
Magnetometers indicate buried iron ores. Because iron is often found with sulfides, magnetometers may lead indirectly to non-ferrous metals, too.
Electrical surveys show certain ores affecting natural ground currents related to the Earth's magnetic field.
Seismic surveys test for various deposits, including oil, gas, and coal. Seismic surveying involves setting off explosions or vibrations that send shock waves down into the ground and timing their return from surfaces that bend or bounce them back. The speed of their return indicates the depth and nature of the rocks below.
All these prospecting methods merely hint at what lies underground. Only exploration can prove an ore is actually there and rich and big enough to be worth mining. If prospecting gives encouraging results, exploration follows. This means drilling sample cores or digging trial trenches to find out if development would pay.
(David Lambert “The Field Guide to Geology”, Cambridge University Press, 1998)
16. Find the answers to the following questions.
1. What are the stages for a geologist to find useful minerals or other minerals?
2. How can geochemical tests help geologists?
3. What equipment do geophysical tests include?
4. Is there any difference between electrical surveys and seismic ones?
5. Can geological prospecting alone prove there should be oil and gas?
17. Draw a diagram of geological prospecting and describe it.
18. Situational game. Two groups - TPU students and TSU ones. The major is “Oil exploration”. Discuss methods, elements of petroleum prospect, equipment, stages and tests of geological prospecting to have the opportunity to intern in one of the international companies.
Use the following communicative formulae:
On the one hand……on the other hand
All in all……….
Summing it up………..
In short………
Perhaps (may be \ possibly)…
It seems so…
To some extend (degree)…
First of all…\ to begin with…
As a matter of fact…
I’m inclined to think…
Agreement |
Disagreement |
I (fully) agree. |
I’m against it (object to). |
I am of the same opinion. |
You are wrong (mistaken). |
In a way, yes. |
There’s something in what you say, but… |
I suppose (expect \ believe) so. |
On the contrary. |
I won’t deny. |
I disagree with you (on that point) |