- •Часть II
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 Oil exploration
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pay attention to the pronunciation the following words.
- •2. Read the text “Exploration methods” and fulfill the exercises. Exploration Methods
- •Elements of a petroleum prospect
- •Terms used in petroleum evaluation
- •3. Give definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Find English equivalents to the following Russian sentences.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •6. Pronounce the following terms. Pay attention to the letters in bold.
- •7. Scan the text “Finding oil» and answer the after-text questions Finding Oil
- •8. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •9. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •10. Read the text “How to find oil” and fulfill the exercises. How to Find Oil
- •11. Form adjectives and nouns from the following verbs.
- •12. Give the Russian equivalent to the following terms.
- •13. Give the English equivalent to the Russian term.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •15. Read the text “Geological Prospecting” and fulfill the exercises. Geological Prospecting
- •16. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •17. Draw a diagram of geological prospecting and describe it.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 2 oil extraction
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the underlined stress.
- •2. The following words and phrases appear in the text.
- •3. Complete the following table. The final column of the table should be completed by filling the word class judging by its position in relation to other words and its function in the text.
- •4. Read the text “How to Extract Oil” and fulfill the exercises. How to Extract Oil
- •10. Match the words with their definitions.
- •11. Work in pairs. Ask your partner the following questions.
- •Wordlist
- •Unit 3 reservoir rock properties
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •2. Read the text “Hydrocarbon traps” and fulfill the exercises.
- •Hydrocarbon Traps
- •3. Say whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct them according to the text.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •5. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the letters in bold and the underlined stress.
- •6. Read the text “Migration and accumulation of petroleum” and fulfill the exercises. Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum
- •7. Form adjectives and nouns from the following verbs.
- •8. Give Russian equivalents to the following English ones.
- •9. Define the following terms.
- •11. Answer the following questions.
- •12. Put a preposition into the following gaps.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •13. Detailed reading. Read the text “Porosity” and fulfill the exercises. Porosity
- •14. Give the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
- •15. State the synonyms to the following terms.
- •16. Translate the following sentences.
- •17. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •18. Read the text “Permeability” and fulfill the exercises. Permeability
- •Factors affecting the magnitude of permeability
- •19. Find the words to the following definitions and translate them into Russian.
- •20. Match the word phrases in the left column with the word phrases in the right. Find them in the text and write these sentences out. Give Russian equivalent to the English ones.
- •21. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
- •22. Answer the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •23. Pronounce the following words. Pay special attention to the letters in bold.
- •24. Read the text Wettability” and fulfill the exercises. Wettability
- •25. Give the Russian equivalents to the English ones.
- •26. Read the sentences and decide whether they are True (t) or False (f). If false, correct the statement.
- •27. Answer the following questions and find the proof in the text.
- •28. Complete the sentences using the terms of the text.
- •29. Work in pairs. Compose dialogues describing primary and secondary hydrocarbon migration using the terminology of the text and communicative formulae (pg. 19).
- •30. You have to give a lecture on reservoir rock properties. Two groups work out presentations on this topic. Wordlist
- •Unit 4
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text “Coring” and fulfill the exercises. Coring
- •Drill Stem Tests
- •2. Define the following terms with their similar meaning in Russian.
- •3. Give the Russian equivalent to the following terms.
- •4. Find the answers to the following questions.
- •Terms and Vocabulary
- •5. Read the text “(Wire) Well Logging Techniques” and fulfill the exercises.
- •7. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
- •8. Complete the sentences using the following terminology.
- •Several types of measurements produce information on formation rock ______ _______, density, radioactivity, porosity, ______ , _______, fluid saturation and permeability.
- •______ _______ Invades the rock surrounding the wellbore, affects the logging of the hole and must be accounted for.
- •______ _______ Measure formation radioactivity.
- •9. Answer the following questions.
- •11. Scan the text “Well stimulation”. Find the particular information:
- •Well Stimulation
- •Acidizing
- •12. Groupwork. Discuss the above given task. Use the communicative formulae (pg. 19)
- •13. Pay attention to the underlined stress in the following words.
- •14. Read the text “Drive Mechanisms” and fulfill the exercises. First study the following specific term definitions to help you understand the text.
- •Drive Mechanisms
- •1. Water drive; 2. Dissolved – gas drive 3. Gas – cap drive
- •15. Give synonyms to the following words.
- •16. Define the following terms.
- •17. State whether the following statements are true or false.
- •18. Answer the following questions.
- •19. In pairs discuss advantages and disadvantages of drive mechanisms you know.
- •Wordlist
- •Appendix using oil
- •References
- •Часть II
1. Water drive; 2. Dissolved – gas drive 3. Gas – cap drive
15. Give synonyms to the following words.
1. oil pools – 2. deposits of petroleum - 3. drive - 4. push through - 5. exist - 6. help – |
7. part - 8. need - 9. make - 10. extraction – 11. uncontrolled pressure well – 12. decrease - |
16. Define the following terms.
1. drive |
5. artificial lift |
2. dissolved – gas drive |
6. gravity drive |
3. gas – cap drive |
7. compaction drive |
4. water drive |
8. combination drive |
17. State whether the following statements are true or false.
Correct the false statements.
1. Oil does not really flow rapidly through sand or rock.
2. To lift the fluid to the surface small amount of energy is needed.
3. The forces that push the oil are called natural ones.
4. As gas expands, it exerts the pressure which pushes the oil through the reservoir.
5. Artificial lift – is when sufficient pressure energy exists.
6. For the gravity drive to be effective low structural dip is required.
7. A great deal of oil wasted when a well gushed.
8. The petroleum industry today is concerned about stopping wasteful gushers.
18. Answer the following questions.
1. The term “oil pools” refers to deposits of petroleum, doesn’t it?
2. What do deposits look like?
3. When does natural flow occur?
4. Are there two kinds of natural drives?
5. In what condition does gas occur in the oil?
6. What type of natural drive makes the recovery slow?
7. Why must oil be pumped to the surface?
8. In what wells is the pressure without control?
19. In pairs discuss advantages and disadvantages of drive mechanisms you know.
Express your own point of view using the following expressions:
I think … |
Я думаю … |
I believe … |
Я полагаю … |
As I see it, … |
Как я это вижу, … |
As I understand it … |
Насколько я понимаю … |
I should say … |
Я бы сказал … |
From my point of view … |
С моей точки зрения … |
My own point of view of the problem is … |
Моя личная точка зрения на данный вопрос состоит в (том, что) … |
Wordlist
ENGLISH |
RUSSIAN |
abandon a well |
ликвидировать скважину, прекращать бурение по техническим или геологическим причинам |
acid fluid solution |
кислый электролит |
acid fracturing (high pressure acidizing) |
кислотный разрыв |
acidizing |
кислотная обработка |
acoustic logs |
диаграмма акустического каротажа |
acoustic velocity |
акустическая скорость |
bit |
долото |
“bridging” |
закупоривание, перекрывание |
caliper logs |
кавернограмма |
Christmas tree |
фонтанная арматура («ёлка») |
conductivity |
удельная проводимость |
contamination |
загрязнение |
core barrel |
керноотборник |
coring |
отбор кернов |
coring gun |
стреляющий боковой керноотборник |
cuttings |
буровой шлам |
cоre bullet |
боёк стреляющего керноотборника |
density logs |
диаграмма плотностного каротажа |
differential sticking |
прихват бурильной колонны за счёт перепада давления в стволе скважины |
dissolve |
растворять |
dissolved – gas drive |
режим растворённого газа |
drill stem |
бурильная колонна |
drilling mud |
буровой раствор |
drilling site |
буровая площадка |
drive |
пластовый режим |
field |
месторождение |
flow capacity |
пропускная способность |
fluid properties |
свойства флюида |
flushed zone |
зона проникновения фильтрата ( бурового раствора ) |
formation segregation |
разобщение пластов |
fracture |
разрыв, трещина |
fracturing |
гидроразрыв пласта |
full core |
керн, полученный при колонковом бурении |
gamma-ray log density logs |
диаграмма гамма – каротажа плотности |
gas –cap drive |
газонапорный режим |
hydraulic fracturing |
гидравлический разрыв пласта |
induction electrical log |
диаграмма индукционного каротажа |
injection |
нагнетание |
invaded zone |
зона проникновения ( фильтрата бурового раствора ) |
logging |
геофизические исследования в скважинах, каротаж |
matrix (low pressure) acidizing |
матричная обработка (под давлением ниже давления гидроразрыва пласта) |
mooring cable |
швартовный канат |
mud filtrate |
фильтрат бурового раствора |
mudcake |
глинистая корка ( образующаяся на стенках скважины в результате фильтрации промывочной жидкости в области пористых и проницаемых отложений ) |
neutron logs |
диаграмма нейтронного каротажа |
oil sands |
нефтяные пески |
plug |
заглушка |
pool |
залежь, бассейн |
propellent stimulation |
интенсификация притока флюидов в скважину при помощи пропеллента |
proppant fracturing |
гидроразрыв с расклинивающим агентом |
proved reserves |
доказанные запасы |
radioactivity logs |
диаграмма радиоактивного каротажа (гамма – каротажа) |
reserves |
запасы |
reservoir evaluation |
оценка свойств и запасов коллектора |
resistivity |
удельное сопротивление |
resistivity logs |
каротаж по методу сопротивления |
resource |
ресурсы |
secondary recovery |
вторичная добыча |
sidewall coring |
отбор кернов боковым керноотборником |
sonic logs |
акустический каротаж |
spontaneous (self) potential logs (SP Logs) |
диаграмма каротажа потенциалов самопроизвольной поляризаци |
stimulation |
возбуждение скважины, интенсификация притока флюидов в скважину |
treatment |
кислотная обработка |
ultimate reserves |
суммарные запасы |
uninvaded zone |
не затронутая проникновением зона |
velocity асoustic logs |
диаграмма акустического каротажа по скорости |
water drive |
водонапорный режим |
wellbore |
ствол скважины |
wireline well–logging technique |
канатный метод каротажа |