1. D - is not the lowest passing grade.

2. Quality of services provided to patients is very important in estab­lishing grades for clinical courses.

3. The ultimate objective of the curriculum is to achieve high level of ability to provide treatment.

   2. Put in the suitable words in the following sentences. Use the key below.

      1. Academic achievement is the most important factor in the ... of students.

      2. The application to the medical school ... about 850.

      3. All medical graduates should have the period of ... .

      4. When the student has not achieved the minimal course objectives he is given ... grade.

Key: costs; incomplete; selection; residency.

2. Write questions with: What; When; How; Where.

   1. The applicants are having a national test.

   2. Some American colleges are using a grading system for checking students' ability.

   3. He was preparing for his test when I phoned.

   4. Though it was late the teachers were giving instructions.

3. Make a short dialogue. You and your partner can select replies from lists (1) and (2) below:

1.	2.
to master subject material	course objectives
outstanding work	major criteria
acceptable work	to meet course requirements
to provide treatment	ultimate objective

V. Translate into English.

1. Плата за навчання в приватних медичних університетах складає 20-30 тис. Доларів щорічно.

2. При вступі до вищої медичної школи найбільш вагомим факто­ром є академічна успішність.

3. 3-4 роки домедичної освіти є обов'язковими при вступі у вищу медичну школу в США.

Головною метою навчання студента-медика є підготовка до на­дання допомоги на високому професійному рівні

.

MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

Text 1: Medical Education in Great Britain. Grammar: Future Continuous Tense.

PRE TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Learn the following words:

tuition

attend

obtain

occupy

salary

entrance ['entrsns] assistance [s'sistans]

[tju:'ijn]

[a'tend]

[ab'tein]

['okjupai]

I.

['saelari]

вступ

допомога, сприяння навчання

відвідувати (лекції) одержувати, здобувати займати платня, окла

д

II. Match the following Ukrainian word combinations with the

English ones:

1. отримати ступінь

2. вступні іспити

3. клінічні предмети

4. випускні іспити

5. плата за навчання

   1. tuition fee

   2. clinical subjects

   3. final exams

   4. to obtain degree

entrance examination

s

III. Find the sentences in the Future Continuous Tense. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. The students will be working in the physical laboratory from 9 to 10.50 in the evening.

2. When he came they were writing the test.

3. We are discussing the characteristic features of cardiac muscles now.

4. First-year students will be working in the anatomy museum on Monday.

Text 1

MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

To enter a medical school in Great Britain candidates must pass entrance examinations. Entrance examinations are both oral and written

.

Students take these examinations at the end of 6-year secondary-school course, generally at the age of 18-19 years. For entrance to a faculty of medicine or a medical school, it is required that the subjects of chemistry, physics and biology or mathematics should be taken at advanced level.

Tuition fees are charged. Most students receive financial assistance in the form of grants, which cover their expenses wholly or in part.

Now about the academic year. It is divided into 3 terms, each of 10-11 weeks' duration. The terms run from October to December, from January to March and from April to June. Clinical students, however, attend for 48 weeks of the year. Undergraduate education occupies five years, consisting essentially of two years of basic sciences and three years of clinical work. Two pre-clinical years are occupied by human anatomy and biology, physiology and biochemistry. They also study physiology, statistics and genetics. Students attend lectures, do directions and prac­tical work in labs.

Beginning with the third year the students study the methods of clin­ical examinations and history taking, general pathology, microbiology, pharmacology and community medicine. Medical students have practical training in teaching hospitals. These hospitals consist of in-patient and out-patient departments. Sometimes these departments are called units. Senior students and especially undergraduates spend most of the time in teaching hospitals. Daily bedside instruction in hospital wards and out­patient departments is given by teachers and doctors. Students follow up their patients and attend ward rounds. Besides the work in the wards the students attend lectures and demonstrations in clinical pharmacology, pathology and microbiology as well as in clinical subjects which are being studied. Three years are spent in clinical studies to obtain degrees of Bachelor of Medicine (В. M.) and Bachelor of Surgery (B. S.).

Examinations are hold at the end of each term. It is three times a year. At the end of each term and after each special course students take final exams. They are called sessionals. Most of the exams are written. They include academic and practical problems. The final examinations or finals are in Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology they mtist assist in operations. Before finals in Obstetrics and Gynaecology they must assist during the delivery of at least 20 babies. These examinations are both written and oral. Written test includes short and long questions and questions of multiple choice. Oral tests include diagnosing a case.

After the finals graduates work in hospitals for a year. This period is called internship. The newly qualified doctor must serve for six months as a house physician and six months as a house surgeon under the super­vision of his medical school. House physicians and surgeons are on call every second or third night. The work of interns is very difficult but their salary is very small. Interns work at least 8 hours a day. After internship a young doctor obtains a "Certificate of experience" from the medical school and he or she may work as medical practitioner.

Further specialisation requires training in residency. It takes 1 or 2 years of work in a hospital in some field. Residency trains highly quali­fied specialists in a definite field: gynaecologists, urologists, neurolo­gists, and others. The salary of residents is higher than the salary of interns. After residency a specialist gets rather a high salary.

After passing the finals the students are given the В. M. and B. S. degrees. Besides these degrees they have the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M. D.). This degree is a postgraduate qualification obtained by writing a thesis based on original work. It is not required for practice. Such degree in surgery is termed a mastership (M. S.). The degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery give the right to registration as a med­ical practitioner.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS