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Файл:Англійська мова для студентів-медиків (Аврахова...doc
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- •Jl я. Аврахова англійська мова для студентів-медиків
- •Isbn 966-95919-6-1
- •III. Find the sentences in the Present Continuous Tense. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •2000 Dollars
- •Find answers in the text to the following questions.
- •What subjects do the students have during the first two years of medical studies?
- •Put the words in the right order.
- •Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English.
- •Put the verb into Past Continuous.
- •Mind that these verbs are not used in the Continuous Tenses:
- •Text 2 grading policy
- •The quality of services provided to patients;
- •The judgement demonstrated in the overall management of patients;
- •The quantity of services provided to patients necessary to assure acceptable progress in a clinical discipline.
- •I. Read the text "Grading Policy" and say whether the following
- •Put in the suitable words in the following sentences. Use the key below.
- •Write questions with: What; When; How; Where.
- •Make a short dialogue. You and your partner can select replies from lists (1) and (2) below:
- •V. Translate into English.
- •Плата за навчання в приватних медичних університетах складає 20-30 тис. Доларів щорічно.
- •При вступі до вищої медичної школи найбільш вагомим фактором є академічна успішність.
- •II. Match the following Ukrainian word combinations with the
- •III. Find the sentences in the Future Continuous Tense. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Read the text and find the answers to the following questions.
- •Say whether the following statements are true or false. Start your answer with: Yes, you are right; I don't think so; I agree with you that; No, you are wrong.
- •VIII. Translate into English.
- •II. Match the following Ukrainian word combinations with the English ones.
- •Letter of recommendation
- •Average score
- •Elective course
- •Application fee
- •Required course
- •Applicant's record
- •Academic performance
- •III. Find the sentences in the Present Perfect Tense. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •All the applicants should pass Dental Admission Test.
- •Predental course requires knowledge in biological science, Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Physics and some elective courses.
- •Read the text and find the answers to the following questions.
- •Say whether the following statements are true.
- •Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •Choose the correct verb form.
- •Translate into English.
- •Read the dialogue. Try to dramatize it.
- •Read the text and be ready to answer the following questions.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Give negative form of the Present Perfect.
- •Put in the suitable words in the following sentences. Use the
- •Translate into English.
- •Dramatize the dialogue, try to give your own ideas.
- •Licensure
- •Acceptable level
- •I. Read the text and find the answers to the following questions.
- •II. Put in the words omitted.
- •III. Complete the sentences adding the proper ending.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •V. Choose the correct meaning of the words given in the right
- •Choose the correct verb form.
- •Translate into English.
- •VIII. Read the dialogue. Try to dramatize it.
- •I. Read the text and be ready to answer the following questions.
- •Say whether the following statements are true.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •V. Match the following terms with its definitions:
- •VI. Make a dialogue of your own. Ask your partner.
- •Texts for individual reading Part I
- •I. Medical schools in the united states
- •II. Read the following text to check your answers to the following
- •IV. Look through the text and say whether the following
- •V. Read the text and look for the answers to the following questions.
- •VI. Comment on the following points mentioned in the text.
- •Periodic Review Committee is responsible for student's promotion from one year to the next.
- •2.0 Is a cumulative grade point average is necessary for students' promotion.
- •Students who don't meet promotion or graduation requirements are proposed to repeat a course, term or the entire year.
- •VII. Read the text and compare with the Ukrainian system of health education.
- •What is offered by many medical schools in addition to Doctor of Medicine degree?
- •Read the text and summarize the arguments for and against
- •University policy is aimed at prevention using of alcohol and drugs by the students and employees.
- •Policy on prevention of alcohol abuse and drug use
- •XI. Read the text and look for the answers to the following
- •Whose approval is of prime importance in case of change enrollment from "audit" to "credit"?
- •I. Read the following text and find the answers to the following questions.
- •What should be the aims and objectives of the dental course for present dental students?
- •What abilities will the graduate require to be prepared for practice in the next century?
- •II. Read the text. It gives information about current educational principles. Express your attitude towards 8 educational principles, given in the text. Give substantiation of your own position.
- •It is essential to resolve by discussion what the learner wants to learn and what the teacher sees as his needs.
- •The teacher must acquire the skill to negotiate the learning objective.
- •III. Read the text. The following statements are not accurate. Make
- •Training hygienists as auxiliary dental personnel
- •IV. Read the text and look for the answers to the following
- •What is your opinion regarding introduction of problem-based learning?
- •V. The following statements are not accurate. Make them more
- •Recently the schools with higher than average gpa scores had fewer applicants.
- •Personal, social and cultural factors may influence the choice of University. Recent trends in university entry for dentistry in the uk
- •VI. Read the following text to check your answers to the following
- •What may interfere with the student's ability to pass examinations successfully?
- •5. What is of value: to study to pass examinations or to learn for knowledge?
- •Some medical schools have networks of primary care physicians serving as a referral base, have not they?
- •What purposes are managed care organizations used for during the preclinical years?
- •VIII. The following text will give you some information about
- •IX. Comment on the following points mentioned in the text.
- •Traditional end-of-year examinations may encourage the student into surface learning.
- •X. The following text will introduce you to the relevant problem each medical student and doctor should know. Head the text and comment on the following.
- •Pre text assignments
- •Inoculate [1'nokjulert] робити щеплення
- •V. Find the corresponding definitions to the following words:
- •VI. Use the following words and word combinations in your own sentences or find the sentences with them in the text and read them. (l к л
- •Sophisticated
- •Homicide
- •Predict
- •Now read the text carefully, looking up all new items in
- •Make correct sentences by matching the information in 2 lists below.
- •I system in the world.
- •Iljl. Complete the sentences using the information from the text.
- •Read the text closely and answer the following questions.
- •Answer your friend's questions. Use in your answers words and
- •Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •VII V Read the sentences and made transformations from active into
- •Render the text according to the scheme.
- •Discuss.
- •Prove that serious problems exist among people of different racial ethnic and socioeconomic background in the usa.Make dialogues. Ask your American friend about:
- •Use the expressions.
- •II. Find Ukrainian equivalents:
- •Text 2 the public health service and the nation's health care in the usa
- •Complete the sentences using active vocabulary.
- •Read the text and say whether the following statements are
- •Read the text closely and answer the following questions.
- •Ask another student.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use
- •Use the following statements as a plan for text rendering.
- •National health service in great britain
- •II. Match a medical
- •Read and learn the following word combinations. Translate the sentences with them into Ukrainian.
- •Read and translate the following word families. Identify the word-forming suffixes.
- •Text 1 national health service in great britain
- •Now read the text carefully, looking up any new items
- •In a dictionary or your vocabulary. Then say whether
- •Health centres provide opportunities for hospital specialists and gPs.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Approve the following statements. Use in your speech the
- •Discuss.
- •Freedom of choice of any kind of treatment, suitable to the English patient.
- •You take part in a "press-conference". You are the group of reporters of different newspapers and magazines. Some
- •I. Read the text through and find the answers to these questions.
- •II. Read the text closely and answer the questions.
- •Discussion.
- •Do you think the program should be repealed or not in future? Explain your reasons.
- •Skim through the text and say.
- •For what groups of the population does Medicaid provide its services?
- •V. Look through the text and give as many facts as you can
- •The program shows significant progress in reducing some chronic diseases.
- •Progress has been made in managing of infectious and sexually transmitted diseases.
- •Health statistics data line national health overview shows one in five without health insurance coverage
- •VI. The following text will give you some additional facts to the
- •Are there any differences in health provision among people of different racial, ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds?
- •VII. Answer the questions.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •What is described as a terrible reflection of the futility and indulgence of modem medicine?
- •The author refers to "placebo technology". What does he mean by this?
- •The study of aging process and the number of specific health needs of the elderly.
- •X. Make a summary of the text using these statements as an
- •XI. Ask another student:
- •XII. Read the text and find the answers to the following questions.
- •What are the usual blames of American people concerning the cost for health care?
- •XIII. Read the text and give answers to the following questions.
- •XIV. Comment on the following;
- •Medical insurance company consider the costs of treating aids enormous.
- •Private insurance companies avoid to insure people from a high risk groups.
- •II. Learn the following words:
- •III. Match words with the proper definitions:
- •I. Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •II. Complete the following sentenses.
- •III. Say whether the following statements are true.
- •IV. State the function of Infinitives in the following sentences.
- •Give the appropriate forms of Infinitives given in brackets.
- •Translate into English.
- •Підтипи вірусів типу а і грипу в кожного року викликають епідемії.
- •Грип є причиною захворюваності великої кількості людей і збільшення смертності серед груп людей підвищеного ризику.
- •Вакцини проти грипу, які є в наявності, можуть знищити захворюваність і смертність в групах ризику на 50-70%.
- •Do you know? Vy/
- •Define the form of the in infinitive in the following proverbs and sayings. Memorize them, give their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Read the text and entitle it. Vf /
- •Determine the function of the infinitive. Translate these
- •Translate the following international words.
- •.Text 2 aids as it is
- •Find out the English equivalents to the following expressions:
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •10. The virus can't be communicated ... .Tv. Define the wrong statement
- •Find out the proper synonyms to the words underneath:
- •Replace these word combinations by another ones, using the key-words underneath.
- •Read the sentences, opening the brackets.
- •I. The following text describes the present status of hiv therapy.
- •II. The following text will introduce you to the relevant topic.
- •It will give you some information about important
- •Do fungal infections present a significant morbidity and mortality rate?
- •Are there any changes in hiv-infected persons with tuberculosis respond to standard therapy?
- •III. This text will provide you with some information about
- •Vaccine development. Read the text to gain the general idea of
- •Its contents. Say whether the following statements are true.
- •One of the problems in aids vaccine development is lack of available animal model.
- •No success has been made since 1990 in studies of safe and effective Vaccine.
- •IV. This text will provide you with information necessary for
- •What questions should the doctor ask to evaluate patient's conditions?
- •What organ systems is it necessary to examine to provide documented detailed physical examination? primary care for hiv infection Part I
- •Initial Evaluation
- •V. This text will supply you with necessary information.
- •Why is it necessary to make a complete blood count as a part of initial evaluation?
- •How often should the doctor perform standard tests of renal and liver function?
- •Why is it necessary to repeat annually a nonspecific test for syphilis?
- •Primary care for hiv infection Part II
- •VI. The following text will give you some information about genital
- •Infections in hiv-infected women. Now look at these statements
- •VII. The text will give some information about the results of
- •The number of seropositive women.
- •Race-specific rates obtained from the survey.
- •The scientific value of population-based survey.
- •Remember the meaning of the suffix -ist. Form words adding this suffix.
- •Find the meaning of the terms.
- •IV. Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:
- •Contagious disease
- •Early detection
- •VI. Find descriptions of the following terms:
- •VII. Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Fill in the blanks with prepositions where required.
- •Change these complex sentences into simple ones using the
- •Translate the following sentences into English using the Objective Infinitive Construction.
- •Following the rules of the Sequence of Tenses change the sentences below into the past tense.
- •Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary.
- •Make up your own situations using following word combinations:
- •I. Give answers to the questions using vocabulary given below.
- •Key: contagious, bacterial disease, to spread, incubation period, sore throat, prodromal period.Match the following English word Ukrainian ones:
- •Match the following English word Ukrainian ones:
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian, pay special
- •Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using
- •Read the text and entitle it.
- •Translate the following sentences into English using the
- •Відомо, що дифтерія - це хвороба, при якій дитина страждає від тяжкої задухи.
- •IX. Read the text and be ready to discuss the following items.
- •I. Make communications on the given topics using the following
- •Texts for individual reading infectious diseases of childhood
- •What is the principal classification of contagious diseases according to the mode of infection?
- •Prove the following statements.
- •Give the summary of text.
- •Dysentery
- •Increases susceptibility to the disease, but also increases the mortality rate.
- •Read the text and choose the sentences describing the main symptoms of the disease.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Put in the missing words from these given in the right column.
- •Enteric
- •Enterotoxins
- •Diarrheal
- •Diarrhea
- •Read the text and find the part containing information about:
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Acute, nonbacterial, infectious gastroenteritis is a selflimited disease observed principally ... .
- •The single most important factor in preventing infectious diarrhea is ... .
- •Write a short annotation using the following sentences as an
- •Rubella
- •Rubella infection takes on particularly significance when it occurs in a woman during early pregnancy;
- •Text 1: Text 2: Grammar:
- •III. Learn the following words:
- •Insufficiency
- •Insomnia
- •IV. Match the following English word combinations with Ukrainian ones:
- •V. Match heart condition with its description in Ukrainian:
- •VI. Match the blood vessel or heart condition with its description:
- •VII. Choose the proper continuation:
- •Read and translate into Ukrainian.
- •Translate into English.
- •Однією із причин розвитку атеросклерозу е порушення холестеринового обміну.
- •Основним симптомом гіпертонії є підвищений артеріальний тиск.
- •Гострому інфаркту міокарда, особливо внаслідок тромбозу, іноді передує стенокардія і гіпертонія.
- •. , Myocardial
- •Read the text and say whether the following statements are true.
- •Nausea, vomiting, hiccups and abdominal distention are cardinal symptoms in myocardial infarction.
- •The establishment of arrhythmias is inevitable in myocardial infarction.
- •Answer the following questions using word combinations given below.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Define the form of gerund. Translate into Ukrainian.
- •Render the content of the dialogue in Indirect Speach.
- •Do you know that:
- •Remember the following proverbs:
- •Read the text and say whether the following statements are true to the text.
- •It is very difficult to diagnose hypertension due to the fact that the symptoms are similar to many cardiovascular diseases.
- •Choose the sentences in the text to answer the following questions.
- •When do angina pectoris and myocardial infarction appear as complication of hypertension?
- •Choose the correct definitions to the following terms.
- •Pain in the chest is the prominent clinical manifestation of angina pectoris.
- •Angina pectoris may often be an accompanying disease of some underlying disorders.
- •Mitral insufficiency
- •Choose the sentences from the text with the followigp words and word combinations, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read the text and say whether the following statement is true.
- •Write a short summary of the text.
- •I. Give a written translation of the paragraph dealing with the description of mitral stenosis.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Choose the sentences from the text with the definition of
- •Aortic stenosis
- •Narrowing of the orifice between the left ventricle and the aorta is as a rule the result of arteriosclerosis.
- •Aortic insufficiency
- •Choose the sentences from the text to answer the following
- •Give English equivalents of the following and use them in the
- •Point out gerundial constructions in the following sentences.
- •IV. Give the summary of the text according to the following points.
- •Endocarditis is an infectious disease.
- •Formation of a clot is one of the main signs.
- •Inflammation of valve flaps leads to the narrowing of the valve orifice.
- •Endocarditis is the inflammation of the endocardium.
- •Clinical manifestations of the rheumatic endocarditis.
- •Possible precursors of this disease.
- •Text 1: Text 2: Grammar:
- •III. Learn the following words:
- •IV. Match the following English word combinations with the
- •V. Match the following terms with their meanings:
- •VI. Match the following with medical terms:
- •VII. Find the meaning of the following medical symptoms:
- •VIII. Build medical terms:
- •IX. Determine the function of the following structures in the
- •XI. Translate into Ukrainian.
- •In gastric ulceration surgical treatment is clearly indicated in the presence of perforation or excessive fibrosis.
- •Malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal tract commonly present with anemia secondary to occult bleeding. Text 1 gastritis
- •Answer the following questions using word combinations given below.
- •When do the symptoms of malaise, anorexia, nausea, vertigo appear?
- •How many types of chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa do you know?
- •Complete the sentences using active vocabulary of the text.
- •Give the meaning of the following medical terms:
- •Fill in the prepositions where it is necessary.
- •Into Ukrainian.
- •Choose the proper form of gerund.
- •Put questions to the italized words, starting with: "in case of what disease ...?"
- •Mind the usage of "to result in ..., to result from ...". Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions using gerunds instead of infinitives.
- •Do you know that:
- •Use these words and word combinations in dialogues of your own.
- •Remember these proverbs.
- •II. Read the text and be ready to discuss the following items.
- •IV. Choose the proper continuation.
- •Strong sensations, including many odors and tastes.
- •V. Choose the correct definitions to the following terms.
- •What is it?
- •What may have such features?
- •The arrangement of the mucosa into extremely numerous fingerlike projections, called villi.
- •The presence of circularly arranged fold of the mucosa and sub- mucosa.
- •Do you know that:
- •I. For each area of gastrointestinal activity, select the location in which this activity is most likely to occur.
- •What is it?
- •What organ is it?
- •Texts for individual reading appendicitis
- •Skim through the text and determine the meaning of the words
- •Find sentences in the text pertaining to:
- •Give as many facts as you can to prove the following
- •II. Choose the proper Ukrainian equivalents to the English words and word combinations:
- •To control bleeding and prevent recurrence of ulcer the doctor must ... .
- •Read the text and choose the sentences to answer the following
- •Make questions to the following sentences, using the interrogative pronouns given in brackets.
- •Discribe the clinical features of peritonitis.
- •Give a short summary of the text.
- •Intestinal obstruction
- •I. Skim through the text and write out sentences expressing
- •Look through the text and give as many facts as you can to prove the following statements:
- •Mechanical causes of intestinal obstruction are the most prominent.
- •Symptoms of complete obstruction of the colon are insidious in onset.
- •Write a short annotation of the text.
- •The following endings define certain procedures performed on particular organs. Make up new terms from the words given and use them to complete the definitions below.
- •The passage of an instrument for the purpose of viewing the esophagus is known as ... .
- •The passage of an instrument for the purpose of viewing the interior of the stomach is called ... .
- •The making of an opening between the stomach and the upper small intestine for the purpose of by-passing the duodenum is called ....
- •Translate the following medical ferms into Ukrainian, try to memorize them, consult dictionary if needed.
- •Learn the following words:
- •IV. Match the following Ukrainian words with the English one: / -
- •7. Protein
- •VI. Match the disease of the liver with its description:
- •VII. Choose the proper continuation.
- •4. The liver is an important site of ... У 5. The blood leaves the liver via a central vein in each lobule which drains into the ...
- •Liver as small branches, which unite to form the hepatic artery.
- •XI. Translate info English.
- •Печінкова недостатність - це порушення антитоксичності та інших функцій печінки при гострих та хронічних її ураженнях.
- •В печінці відбувається синтез та розщеплення білків, ліпідів, вуглеводів, вітамінів та інших речовин.
- •I. Read the text and say whether the following statements are true.
- •The products of digestion are absorbed by capillaries in the intestinal wall.
- •Answer the questions, using words and word combinations given below.
- •What does the blood leave? What substances do liver cells also recycle?
- •Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary.
- •Hepatomas are caused either by ... . 10. Iron and several other minerals ... .
- •Give the meaning of the following.
- •Fill in the blanks with the prepositions, where it is necessary.
- •Choose the proper continuation.
- •The gastrointestinal tract and associated organs are collectively called ....
- •The alimentary canal extends from .... 10. The gallbladder and ducts lie ... .
- •Match the condition of the liver disease with its description:
- •Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Absolute Participial construction.
- •1. Obstructive jaundice
- •2. Hepatocellular jaundice
- •Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to forms and functions of Participial Constructions.
- •What may the following symptoms be associated with?
- •Tell another student.
- •I. Read the text and say whether the following statements are true to the text "cirrhosis".
- •Early symptoms of cirrhosis include only weakness and a feeling of tiredness.
- •Cirrhosis results in a kind of scar tissue that interferes with the flow of blood through the liver.
- •Choose the sentences in the text to answer the following questions.
- •Choose the correct definitions to the following terms:
- •A breach in the lining (mucosa) of the digestive tract produced by digestion of the mucosa by pepsin and acid.
- •IV. Say it in one word.
- •V. Make a diagnosis of your own. Choose the right variant below.
- •I. Look for the answers to the following questions.
- •What have epidemiologic studies demonstrated?
- •What are morphological lesions of-both hepatitis a and b?
- •Is hepatic cell degeneration a manifestation of liver cell damage?
- •I. Approve or contradict:
- •Over a period of week or months the patient notes gradually ceasing weakness, anorexia, great or slight weight loss, etc.;
- •Clinical signs and symptoms can reflect accurately the extent and precise nature of cirrhosis process;
- •II. Look for the answers to the following questions.
- •Look for the answers to the following questions:
- •Who usually have a long- standing history and evidence of previous biliary tract disease?
- •Approve or contradict:
- •Approve or contradict:
- •Itis ... Inflammation of osis ... A condition of gram ... An X-ray picture of oma ... A tumor of plasty ... A reformation of
- •IV. Match the following Ukrainian words with the English ones:
- •VI. Choose the terms denoting position.
- •V. Match medical terms with the proper definitions:
- •Choose the proper continuation:
- •The excretion of nitrogenous wastes, principally urea, from the blood;
- •Fibrous capsule and is composed of an outer cortex and an inner medulla;
- •Diaphragm, one on each side of the spine, they are supplied with the blood by the renal arteries.
- •Read and translate into Ukrainian, using dictionary if it is
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate into English.
- •Read the text and say whether the following statements are true:
- •Some kidney diseases, such as acute nephritis may cause blood in the urine.
- •If both kidneys stop working completely, waste products do not accumulate in the body.
- •Kidney disease may be caused only by one factor, (such as) namely - infection, —•
- •Answer the questions, using given words and word combinations:
- •Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary.
- •Say, what is wrong or right in the following statements and why:
- •Translate into Ukrainian; define Participle.
- •Many people do not appreciate the important difference between retaining health and regaining it.
- •Every may enjoy perfect health, by conforming to a fat rational regulations.
- •Make up sentences of your own with the following word combinations:
- •Fill in the prepositions where it is necessary, translate the sentences:
- •Form Present Participle (active) from the verbs given in the brackets:
- •Form Present Participle (passive) from the verbs given in brackets:
- •X. Choose the proper answer on
- •Try to continue the following dialogue, using active vocabulary from the Text № 1.
- •Question: What are the symptoms of kidney disease? Answer: ....
- •Do you know that
- •Remember the following proverbs; find adequate equivalence in Ukrainian; give your own equivalents:
- •V/Text 2
- •Read the text "calculi" and say whether the following statements are true to the text.
- •Answer the following questions on text "calculi" and check yourself using the key, given below:
- •III. Choose the correct definitions to the following terms:
- •V. Read and translate the text (case report). Describe the
- •Put in the suitable words in the following sentences: use the key below.
- •Is the, mc©rfrequent cotnplicatio
- •Comment on the title of the text.
- •Write a short annotation of the text.
- •Write a short annotation of the text.
- •Look for the answers to the following questions:
- •What is the most common cause in case of arterial infarction of the kidney?
- •What form of renal failure can be diagnosed by renal arteriography and can be reversed by surgically bypassing the occlusion?
- •Choose, from the text and translate all the sentences containing
- •Try to grasp the main idea of the text. Write it in some
- •Approve or contradict:
- •Skim through the text and choose the sentences containing the
- •Give a written translation of the sentences dealing with the
- •Write a short annotation of the text.
- •I. Approve or contradict:
- •IV. Learn the following words
- •VI. Match words with the proper definitions:
- •VII. Choose the proper continuation
- •VIII. Combine each pair of sentences into a single sentence according of the model.
- •Head and translate into Ukrainian.
- •Translate into English.
- •I. Read the text and say whether the following statements are true:
- •Inspiration
- •Answer the following questions, using words and word combinations given below.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •1. Voice
- •5. Sounds produced by the vibration of the vocal cords;
- •V/ Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian, paying
- •' Fill the blanks with the verbs denoting structure.
- •Fill the blanks with the verbs denoting relationship.
- •Combine each pair of sentences into a single sentence
- •Form Past Participle from the verbs, given in brackets.
- •Form Present or Past Participles of the verbs, given in brackets.
- •The surgical techniques (use) at this Institute.
- •Many problems of infants' respiratory diseases (deal) with by the staff of this Experimental Research Institute.
- •The most common signs (see) before the operation are enlargement of the liver tachypnea at rest, cardiac enlargement oedema.
- •XI. Do you know that.
- •Emphysema is often seen at the initial stage of chronic bronchitis.
- •Choose the sentences from the text reproducing the main information, translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Comment on the following statements.
- •Choose the sentences with words and word combinations connected with:
What are infectious diseases caused by?
What pathogenic organisms are capable of producing toxins?
What is the source of infections?
What is the principal classification of contagious diseases according to the mode of infection?
What are the ways of detecting microorganisms?
What are special serologic tests?
What stages are defined in the course of infectious diseases?
What is spoken of as immunity?
What are the kinds of immunity?
What are the primary measures of preventing infectious diseases?
Against what diseases is immunity created due to vaccination?
Prove the following statements.
Contagious diseases are classified according to the mode of infection.
Bacteriological studies are performed to identify the causative microorganism.
There are different ways of identification of the infecting agent.
The cyclic course of acute infectious diseases is their characteristic feature
Immunization against contagious diseases is a significant primary preventive measure.
Give the summary of text.
MUMPS
The causative agent is a filtrable virus. It is found in the saliva of patients, where it may be present for at least 24 hours before swelling of the salivary glands develops, and throughout the entire period of glandular enlargement. Spread is by droplet infections or direct contact with materials contaminated with infected saliva. Most cases occur in children between 5 and 15 years of age; the disease is unusual in children under 2 years. Infants up to 10 months ordinarily are immuned. However, the disease may occur at any age, and cases in the older age groups may be seen.
After an incubation period of 14 to 21 days onset is marked by chilly sensations, headache, anorexia and malaise. This is accompanied by a low to moderate fever which may last from 12 to 24 hours before any involvement of the salivary glands. In mild cases, these prodromal symptoms may be absent. Pain on chewing or swallowing is the earliest symptom of parotitis. There is marked sensitivity to pressure over the angle of the jaw. With development of parotitis, the temperature frequently rises to 103 or 104 F. Swelling of the gland reaches its maximum about the 2nd day and is associated with swelling, involving the cheek and area below the ear. In most cases, both parotid glands are involved. Occasionally the submaxillary and sublingual glands also may be swollen, or, more rarely, may be the only glands affected. In such cases, there is swelling of the negjt beneath the jaw.
Г The diagnosis of typical cases during an epidemic is simple, but sporadic cases present a more difficult problem. Swelling of the parotid or other salivary glands due to the mumps virus must be distinguished from: (1) bacterial parotid involvement occuring in streptococcal throat infections, diphtheria, or debilitated patients with poor oral hygiene, typhoid
or typhus fever; (2) malignant tumors of the salivary glands; (3) postoperative parotitis.
In uncomplicated mumps, prognosis is extent. However, relapses may occur occasinally after about 2 weeks. In complicated cases, testicular 'aS-ophy may follow orchitis, and deafness or facial paralysis has been known to occur following involvement of the nervous systemH
Read the text and find sentences pertaining to description of symptoms and signs. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
Find English equivalents of the following in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:
ураження, крапельна інфекція, розповсюдження, рецидив, глухота.
Complete the following sentences.
Testicular involvement is one of the complications in mumps and it occurs ....
A filtrable virus is ... .
The incubation period is marked by ... .
Pain on chewing or swallowing is ... .
Usually in uncomplicated mumps prognosis is ... .
Put in the required words from those given in the right column.
immuned
parotitis
to the streptococcal throat infection
relapses
virus
1.
involvement
The diagnosis of ... is simple but some cases present difficulty.
Occasionally after about 2 weeks ... may occur.
It is necessary to distinguish parotitis from bacterial parotid ...
Filtrable ... is found in the saliva.
Infants up to 10 months ordinarily are ....
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