I. Skim through the text and write out sentences expressing

the main idea of it.

2. Look through the text and give as many facts as you can to prove the following statements:

   1. Mechanical causes of intestinal obstruction are the most promi­nent.

   2. Symptoms of complete obstruction of the colon are insidious in onset.

3. Write a short annotation of the text.

♦ MALIGNANT TUMORS

^Gastrointestinal carcinoma is most prevalent in individuals (jvgr* 40.

(Majbs are affected more frequently^агшгщагіу by cancer of the stom­ach. About 5% of gastrointestinal(neoplasms\re lymphomas, which _soccur) in all parts of the tract.

Clinical manifestation depends "bn the size, location and gross charac­teristics (ulceration, infiltrative or |ю]уроіі&) of tumor. Some cancers in the alimentarjhtract are hopelessly^advanced before they cause s^jfficient symptoms to bringlhe patient to the physician. In over half the cases, however, symptoms should permit "relatively early diagnosis.

Esophagus*. DysphagTav the sensation of food (particularly pieces of meat and soft bread)\ sticking somewhere behind the sternum, is the important symptom. The esophagus of all patients with dysphagia must be studied by X-ray, or esophagoscopy, or both, ^intil the cause is found, as it never is an imaginary'symptom. Pain, sometimes more than аЧгап- siejit burning, may occur with swallowing, or may be present as a persis­tent, boring distress. Its location usually is retrosternal but it may £xtend\ to the back.

Stomach. Symptoms, either singly or in combination, include: upper abdominal distress, usually but not necessarily worse immediately after eating; epigastric pain, sometimes irregular and sometimes ulcer-like; anorexia; and vomiting. In addition, weight loss, anemia, coffee ground vomitus, and blood in the stools, of not otherwise explained, demand immediate gastrointestinal X-ray studies.

Small intestine. Malignant growths are rare, but intermitted mid- abdominal cramps and melert^ with anemia not explained by gastric or colonic disease^ require special small intestinal X-ray studyv Carcinoids, due to release bf seromucoif^ may cause palpitation^ weakness,, nausea,

diarrhea, flushing, dyspnea,,parestnesikv^md syncope.

і

Colon. Any change in bowel habit^, from few to many stools, or_vvice, versa?, is a crucial symptom requiring rectal examination, stool examfrrsP tion, ^roctosigmoscopy and barium enema. Other symptoms requiring similar) investigation are: recent appearance of blood or mucus in the Stotfls; intermittent cramps in the lower abdomen, not necessarily^accom- pamejl by bowel tnovement; and any anemia not explained by obvious blood loss from other sources лВагіит' enemas are not(aclequate to ^exclude, neoplastic or inflammatory diseases of the rectosigmoid.

1. Skim through the text and define its main idea.

2. Write the key sentences out of the text and translate them.

3. Read the text closely in paragraphs and find the main subject of each paragraph, then answer the questions:

   1. Where do lymphomas and sarcomas occur?

   2. What does clinical manifestation depend on?

   3. What helps to make early diagnosis?

   4. What are the symptoms in case of stomach cancer?

   5. What may cause carcinoids in tumor of small intestine?

   6. What is blood in stool evidence of?

4. Write a summary of the text.

"I don't like your heart action," the doctor said, applying the stetho­scope again. "You have had some trouble with angina pectoris, haven't you?"

"You're right in a way. Doctor," said the young man, "only that isn't her name."

it -k *

"Doctor," asJked a patient, "I am well, and I want you to let me have your bill".

"Nonsense, sir," said the physician, "do be calm; feeling much better

you are not strong enough for that yet!"

* * *

"Don't you think, doctor, you've rather overcharged for attending Jimmy when he had the measles?"

"You must remember, Mrs. Brown, that includes twenty-two visits." "Yes, but you forget he infected the whole school!"

& ft it

"I am taking a rest cure." "Oh, what do you do?"

"I sit every day for three hours in the waiting-room of a very busy doctor."

* * *

A member of the faculty in a London medical college was appointed an honorary physician to the king. He proudly wrote a notice on the blackboard in his classroom:

"Professor Jennings informs his students that he has been appointed honorary physician to His Majesty, King George."

When the professor returned to his classroom in the afternoon he found written below his notice this line:

"God Save the King.

"DISEASES OF THE LIVER

Text 1; Liver. Text 2: Cirrhosis.

Grammar: Forms and Functions of the Infinitive.

PRE-FEXT ASSIGNMENTS