Word Study

Ex. 1. Read the following words. Mind the stress.

'unitary	ju'dicial	juris'diction
'judge	pre'side	adjudi'cation
'martial	re'sort	nomi'nation
'circuit	con'sistently
'survey	vio'lation
'actual	exc'lusive

Ex. 2. Pair the words in column A with those from column B:

A	B
judicial	system
notable	jurisdiction
federal	circuit
original	decisions
unitary	judge
actual	exception

Ex. 3. Complete the list of derivatives.

Verb	Noun (person)	Noun (thing or concept)	Adjective/ Participle
1.	resident
2. preside
3. appeal
4. know
5. select
6. imprison	prison		imprisoned
7. recommend			recommended
8. register	registration	registrar	registered
9. approve			approved

Ex. 4.   How are the following ideas expressed in one word?

1. the hearing of a civil or criminal case before a court of competent jurisdiction;

2. a person between the age of 10 and 17 who has committed a crime;

3. the power of a court to hear and decide a case or make a certain order;

4. an application for the judicial examination by a higher court of the decision of any inferior court;

5. the system of dividing into regional districts for the purpose of court administration;

6. a binding judgement determined by analysis and adjudication of the factual issues presented, rather than by the existence of a technical or procedural defect that requires one party to prevail;

7. in pleading, the facts giving rise to a right enforceable in the courts, which must show the existence of a right, an injury and damages;

8. the parties actively involved in a lawsuit;

9. the reasonable use of judicial power, i.e., the court's freedom to decide within the bounds of law action;

10. the determination of a controversy and pronouncement of judgement;

11. the traditional body of rules and practices related to business transacted at sea or to navigation, and always has been a body of law separate from every other jurisprudence.

Ex. 5. Match English and Russian equivalents:

unitary system	председательствовать
district court	быть единодушным (единогласным)
to preside	таможенные суды
tax courts	единая система
customs courts	суды с ограниченной юрисдикцией
court martial	уполномочить
to be unanimous	окружной суд
state court adjudication	разрешение спора судом штата
the courts of limited jurisdiction	налоговые суды
to empower	проигравшая сторона в гражданском деле
losing litigant	трибунал (военный)

Ex. 6. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations:

частные лица, суды штатов, подать иск, федеральные суды, подпадать под юрисдикцию, разрешить дело в судебном порядке, Верховный суд, судебное разбирательство (тяжба), окружные суды, высшие суды, низшие суды, суд последней инстанции, рассматривать дело, апелляционные суды.

Ex. 7. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words.

The federal courts have three tiers: ______ courts, courts of ______ and the ______ Court. The ______Court was created by the Constitution; all other ______ courts were created by Congress. Most litigations occur in ______ courts. The structure of ______ courts varies from the state to state; usually there are ______ for less serious cases, ______ for more serious cases, intermediate ______ courts, and courts of last ______. State courts were created by state constitutions.

Ex. 8. Complete the following text with the words and phrases from the box.