Word Study

Ex. 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress.

'public 'norms 'alcohol 'teenager 'person 'maximum 'summary

'principle 'categories 'serious 'physical 'element

ar'rest po'lice

Ex. 2. Give nouns derived from the following verbs:

To ban, to kill, to arrest, to suspect, to offend, to omit, to punish, to legislate, to wound, to aid, to abet, to incite, to assist, to abolish, to convict, to accuse.

Ex. 3. Pair the verbs in column A with a suitable phrase in column B:

A	B
accuse someone	in cold blood
arrest someone	into custody
ban	a witness
break	telephone boxes
charge someone	for armed robbery
commit	a prison sentence
cross-examine	a case
hijack	with murder
hold up	smoking in public places
murder someone	of shoplifting
pinch	the alarm
serve	a crime
sound	some money
take someone	a plane
try	the law
vandalize	a bank

Ex. 4. Add nouns to the following adjectives to form noun phrases:

Adjectives:  wrongful, criminal, changing, fatal, serious, summary, mental, guilty, principal, international.

Nouns:  activity, conviction, element, behavior, matter, area, norms, crimes, case, offence, mind, habits, action, omission, act, character.

Ex. 5. How many adjectives combined with the word “offence” do you know?

criminal
. . . . .	offence
inchoate

Ex. 6. Match the offences to the correct definition.

Arson	a) is taking a person away by force and keeping him as a prisoner, usually in order to demand money for his safe return.
Assault	b) is the serious crime of stealing large amounts of money from a bank, a shop or a vehicle, often using force or threats of violence.
Blackmail	c) is the crime of copying things such as banknotes, letters, official documents, etc. in order to deceive people.
Burglary	d) is killing a person by accident or negligence.
Embezzlement	e) is forcing someone to have sex with you.
Forgery	f) is the crime of deliberately setting fire to a building.
Fraud	g) is taking control of an aeroplane, train, etc. by force, usually in order to make political demands.
Hijacking	h) is killing a person deliberately.
Kidnapping	i) is demanding money or favours from someone by threatening to reveal a secret about him which, if made public, could cause the person embarrassment and harm.
Libel	j) is deliberately taking goods from a shop without paying for them.
Manslaughter	k) is stealing money that is placed in your care, often over a period of time.
Murder	l) is the crime of getting money from someone by tricking or deceiving him.
Rape	m) is the crime of physically attacking someone.
Robbery	n) is printing or publishing something which is untrue and damages another person's reputation in some way.
Shoplifting	o) is the crime of breaking into a house, a flat, etc. in order to steal things.
Theft	p) is the crime of stealing.

Ex. 7. Match each word in the box to a suitable definition.

assassination; bribery and corruption; drug trafficking; hit and run; looting; misconduct; mugging; perjury; pickpocketing; pilfering; slander; smuggling; terrorism; treason; trespassing; vandalism

1. is bad or improper behaviour by a person in a position of authority or trust, such as a doctor, dentist, police officer, etc.

2. is stealing things from people’s pockets or handbags, usually in crowds or in public places.

3. is saying something untrue about someone with the intention of damaging his or her reputation.

4. is deliberately damaging public buildings and other public property, usually just for the fun of it.

5. is offering money or gifts to someone in a position of authority, e. g. a government official, in order to persuade him to help you in some way.

6. is the crime of lying in court while giving evidence, when you have promised to tell the truth.

7. is the crime of taking things or people illegally into or out of the country.

8. is murdering a public figure such as a king, a president, etc.

9. is entering privately owned land or property without the permission of the owner.

10. is attacking someone, usually in a public place, in order to rob him or her.

11. is trading in illegal drugs such as heroin, cannabis, cocaine, LSD, etc.

12. is the crime of betraying your own country by helping its enemies.

13. is stealing small amounts of goods or things of little value, often over a long period of time.

14. is a car accident in which the guilty driver does not stop to help.

15. is the use of violence such as murder and bombing in order to obtain political demands or to influence a government.

16. is stealing from shops, buildings, etc. left unprotected after a violent event or a long period of time.

Ex. 8. Continue the following table with the words from ex. 6, 7. Consult the dictionary when necessary.

Crime	Criminal	Criminal Act
murder	murderer	to murder
slander	slanderer	to slander
mugging	mugger	to mug
arson	…	…
robbery	…	…

Ex. 9. Fill in the missing crimes in the sentences below. Choose from the words in the previous exercises 6, 7.

1. The chief cashier admitted taking £30,000 of the firm's money during the previous three years and was found guilty of _____.

2. She sued the newspaper for ______ when it printed a story about her in which it claimed she had once been arrested for taking drugs.

3. The supermarket decided to install closed-circuit television in order to combat the problem of _______.

4. This is the sixth fire in the area in the past month. The police suspect ____.

5. He pleaded not guilty of murder but guilty of ______ saying that the gun had gone off and killed his wife by accident.

6. There have been so many cases of _______ in the street recently that the police are advising residents to install alarms and to notify neighbours when they go out.

7. The customs officer found nearly £20,000 worth of cut diamonds hidden in the man’s guitar case. He was arrested and charged with _______.

8. Pop stars and famous people often employ bodyguards for themselves and members of their families as they are constantly worried about _______.

9. Most people of my generation remember the ____ of President Kennedy in Dallas in November 1963.

10. It looked like a real £20 note but on closer examination you could see that it was a very clever _______.

Ex. 10. Complete the following text with the words from the box.

to avoid to force to surrender; to escape to threaten to warn

Yesterday, robbers _____ an entry into the National Midland Bank in the High Street soon after closing time. They _____ with guns the staff, and forced the manager to give them $50,000 in cash. The robbers ran out of the bank and _____ in a stolen car, and were last seen going in the direction of the London Road. Police _____ the public that these men are very dangerous, and are unlikely _____ , without a fight. Said Chief Inspector Ralph Smith: “We’re sure that we'll catch them soon. They won’t _____ punishment for it”.