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5. Match the places of pilgrimages with their descriptions. Find more information about the places and share it in class.

1. Lourdes 2 Bethlehem 3 Mecca 4 Jerusalem

a) city of Israel, which is of great historical im­portance to Jews, Christians and Muslims. It has many important places for all these religions, such as the Wailing Wall, the Mount of Olives and the Dome of the Rock, an ancient and very holy Muslim building. This city is regarded by Israel as its capital city, but many Arab people do not accept this.

b) a town on the Western Bank of the River Jor­dan, in Israel, thought to be where Jesus Christ was born.

c) a small town in south-western France where Roman Catholics believe that Saint Bernadette saw the Virgin Mary appear. They consider this town a holy place, and many sick people go there because they believe that the water there is holy and has the power to cure them.

d) a city in Saudi Arabia where the prophet Mu­hammad was born. It is considered the holiest city of Islam. People who are not Muslims are not allowed to go there, but every Muslim must try to make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in their lifetime.

6. Complete the text with the derivatives from the words in the right-hand col­umn

Moses

Moses grew up in Egypt, but his parents were Israelites. Once

he killed an Egyptian and had to 1 from the country. He APPEAR

hid himself in the desert. In the 2 Moses found a job as a WILD

shepherd. One day, as he was tending his sheep on Mount Horeb, he saw

an 3_____sight: a bush which seemed to be on fire. Yet there was no smoke, USUAL

and the bush was not 4_________. DESTROY

Out of the 5______bush a voice spoke: "I am the God of your fathers. BURN

I have seen the 6_____of my people in Egypt. I have come down to bring SUFFER

them to a 7_______land, land flowing with milk and honey. Moses, MARVEL

my 8_______, I send you to Pharaoh so that you may lead my people SERVE

out of Egypt." It was God speaking, there could be no 9_____about it, TAKE

and Moses bowed until his face touched the ground. "Who am I," he cried,

"that I should appear before Pharaoh?" "I am God," said the voice,

"and I have sent you. Now go. And 10________I will be with you. CERTAIN

" The voice ceased and there was only the wind on the 11_____ LONE

mountain, and the bush was only a bush with Moses kneeling before it.

7. Have you ever heard the name of Confucius ? Say where he lived and when and what made him famous. Then read the text to see if you were right. Do the task after the text.

Confucius

Confucius was one of the greatest moral teachers of all time. He lived in China about five hundred years before Christ. Confucius studied ancient Chi­nese writings from which he took ideas that to him seemed important to the de­velopment of fine characters. Then he taught these ideas to the princes and to the students of all classes who came to him for instruction. The rules he laid down 2,400 years ago are still respected.

Confucius' Chinese name was Kung-Fu-tse. At the age of twenty-two Confucius began to teach men how to live happily. His principle rule for happi­ness, "What you do not wish done to yourself, do not do to others," was much like the Golden Rule. He tried to teach people the right moral conduct based on love, justice, reverence, wisdom, and sincerity.

One of his teachings, the reverence for parents, had a powerful effect on China, be­cause it teaches reverence and worship of all ancestors. It made China for a long time to look to the past instead of moving forward.

Confucius did not consider himself a god. In fact, he taught nothing about a supreme being. He believed that man was naturally good and could preserve this goodness by living har­moniously with his fellow men.

Within five hundred years after his death, his teaching became the philosophy of the state. But when Buddhism appeared, the teach­ings of Confucius were almost forgotten for a period. They were later revived, and even today his teachings influence the lives of millions of people.

Discuss the connection between philosophy and religion. Mention the following:

1) which, in your view, appeared earlier — religion or philosophy

2) where they are similar

3) where the two are different

4) if you know any names of famous philosophers who based their teach­ings on religious ideas