Английский язык для горных инженеров
.pdfприятия. 5. Химические заводы производят кокс, пластмассы и другие продукты.
XVIII. а) Переспросите |
по образцу: |
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О б р а з е ц: West Siberia is |
rich |
in |
natural |
resources. |
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Is West |
Siberia |
rich |
in |
natural |
resources? |
1. The country depends on its own fuel and energy resources. 2. There are large fuel and energy complexes in the eastern areas. 3. Geologists discover new deposits on continental shelves. 4. Scientists create new computers and robots. 5. It is very important to improve the quality of metal,
б) Задайте вопросы по образцу:
О б р а з е ц : The region is rich in unique deposits. - > What deposits is the region rich in?
1. In the eastern areas there |
are large |
fuel and |
energy |
complexes. (where?) 2. Economic |
development plans provide |
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for the extensive development of |
extractive |
industries |
(what |
industries) 3. The development of continental shelves is impor-
tant. |
(what?) 4. |
The production of Siberian gas increases. |
(the |
production |
of what?) 5. Modern industry depends on |
metal |
(what?) |
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*XIX. Перескажите вкратце текст 1Б, используя ключевые слова: is rich in; depends on; continues; to provide for; are un-
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construction; |
to find commercial deposits; priority |
is |
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g iven |
to; great attention is paid to; it is important; to pro- |
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vide |
for stepping |
up |
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XX. а) |
Составьте краткое |
сообщение, |
используя |
следующий план: |
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1. |
Useful minerals |
your region |
(area, |
republic, etc.) |
is |
rich in. 2. The main branches of industry in your town (region, area, republic, etc.). 3. Industrial centres in your region (area, republic, etc.). 4. Industrial enterprises which are under construction or in operation in your town (region, republic, etc.).
б) Расскажите по схеме все, что вы знаете о важнейших отраслях промышленности:
Heavy Industry
machine-building |
metallurgical |
extractive |
industries |
(iron and steel) |
industries |
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industry |
(coal, gas, oil, etc.) |
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I I ! |
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I. Прочитайте текст |
1В и определите его основную идею. |
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Слова для |
понимания |
текста: |
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outcropping seams — пласты, выходящие на поверхность; |
to monitor |
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— контролировать; |
design — проектирование; |
simulation — моде- |
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лирование; |
scheduling — график; |
режим |
работы |
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ТЕКСТ 1В |
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Coal is a raw material for |
the production of coke, synthet- |
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ic gases, |
liquids |
and |
other |
products |
on |
which |
industrial |
enterprises depend. The coal mining industry supplies the
country |
with cheap |
fuel and electric power. The principal |
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coal consumers are |
electric power |
stations, metallurgy and |
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public |
service. |
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The coal industry |
in the USSR is |
one of the basic branches |
of the national economy which supplies the country with coking and thermal coal and with other products. The USSR
has large deposits of high-grade coal which play an |
important |
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role |
in the total |
consumption of |
all |
fuels. |
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The main coal basins are situated all over the country's |
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large |
area. Geological |
conditions of coal-fields are |
quite dif- |
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ferent — from the very deep in the Donets Coal |
Basin |
to |
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nearly outcropping seams in Siberia. |
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Coal output comes from underground and open-cast |
mines. |
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It should be stressed that now special attention |
is |
paid |
to |
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open-cast mining |
especially in the eastern areas where geolog- |
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ical |
conditions |
are |
particularly |
favourable |
for |
open-cast |
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mining. |
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Economic development plans provide for |
the |
retooling |
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and |
modernization of Soviet collieries. Special |
attention |
is |
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paid |
to the introduction of computers, reliable equipment |
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and |
control systems. Control systems provide information |
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that |
improves the planning and monitor the whole process. |
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It is |
necessary to note that computers |
are especially useful |
in design, simulation, monitoring, and scheduling. The computer programmes can give information on coal quality, tonnage, etc. Microcomputers also find their way to mining and geological work.
II. В каждом абзаце текста 1В найдите предложение, выражающее его основную мысль. Озаглавьте каждый абзац.
III.Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1.What are the main consumers of coal? 2. What method
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of mining finds wide application now? 3. Why is special atention paid to control systems and computers?
IV. Назовите, который из трех заголовков наиболее соответствует содержанию текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. Main Coal-fields in the USSR. 2. Coal as a Raw Material. 3. The Role of Coal in the National Economy.
КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ УРОКА 1
I
Т е к с т |
А. Упр. VII — 3, 4, 5. |
Упр. X а) — 1/6, |
II/3, |
III/7, |
IV/I, |
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V/8, VI/10, VI1/2, VII1/9, IX/4, |
Х/5. |
б) — 1/10, |
И/6, |
III/1, |
IV/8, |
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V/2, |
VI/3, VII/5, |
VIII/9, |
IX/4, |
Х/7. |
Упр. |
XI — 1/III, |
2/IV, |
3/II, |
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4/1, |
5/V. Упр. |
XV — 1/4, |
1, 2, 5, |
3; II/6, 1, 4, 3, |
2, |
5; III/2, 4, |
1,3; |
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IV/6, 2, |
4, 1, |
3, 5. |
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II |
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Т е к с т |
Б. Упр. IX — 2, |
4, 5. Упр. XI а) |
— 1/4, |
II/8, |
III/9, |
IV/2, |
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V/I, |
VI/7, VII/10, VIII/3, |
IX/5, |
Х/6. б) — 1/3, |
II/6, |
III/1, |
IV/2, |
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V/8, VI/4, VI1/9, VIII/10, IX/5, Х/7. Упр. XII a) - |
UU, 2/IV, |
3/1, |
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4/1II, 5/V. 6) — |
l/III, 2/IV, 3/V, 4/II, |
5/1. |
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Ill |
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Т е к с т |
В. Упр. |
IV — 3. |
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УРОК 2
MINING EDUCATION IN THE USSR
1
Грамматика: Простое прошедшее время (The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense) — §41 . Конструкция there Is/there are — § 9 .
Числительные — § 22—25.
I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов:
appear [a'pia] v появляться; казаться; ant disappear исчезать bed [bed] ti пласт, слой, подстилающие породы; syn layer, seam; bedded а пластовый
call for ['ko:l 'fa:] v требовать;
syn demand, require
carry out ['kaari 'aut] v проводить (исследование, эксперимент]); выполнять (план); завершать; syn conduct, make
concentration (dressing) plant [plaint] обогатительная фабрика, обогатительная установка
department [di'pa:tmant] n от-
деление, факультет, кафедра; syn faculty
direct [di'rekt] v руководить;
направлять; управлять; а прямой, точный; directly ado пря-
мо, непосредственно
education [<edju(:)'keij(a)n] n образование; просвещение; get education получать образование
establish [is'tseblij] и основы-
вать, |
создавать, |
учреждать; |
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syn |
found, |
set up |
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pig |
iron |
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iron |
['aian] |
n железо; |
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чугун; cast iron чугун, чугун- |
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ная отливка |
iron |
ore |
же- |
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ore [э:(г)] n |
руда; |
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лезная |
руда; ore |
mining |
раз- |
работка рудных месторождений process [prou'ses] v обрабатывать; syn work, treat; processing n обработка; разделение
минералов
rapid fraepid] а быстрый research [ri'sa:tj] n научное ис-
следование
technique [tek'ni:k] n техника, способ, метод, технический прием; mining technique горная техника, методы ведения горных работ
train [trem] v обучать, готовить (к чему-л.)\ training ['treinio]
обучение; подготовка
volume ['voljum] п объем; том, книга
to be in need of нуждаться в
(чем-л.)
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to cope with the problem спра- |
to take part in участвовать- в |
виться с проблемой |
(чем-л.) |
II. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:
the production of powder metals; higher education; scientific researches; prominent geologists; educational institutions; the ore mining industry; bedded deposits; geological prospecting; scientific research institutes; collieries and opencast mines; factories for processing ferrous and non-ferrous metals; to direct scientific research; to work on important mining problems; to call for the establishment of new educational institutions
III. Определите значения выделенных слов по |
сходству их корней |
с корнями соответствующих слов в русском |
языке: |
The Moscow Mining Academy; technical education; highly qualified specialists; geological prospecting; the prominent geologist and oil expert; well-equipped laboratories and demonstration rooms; Russian and foreign scientific books and journals; close contacts with the coal and ore mining industries; to take an active part in the construction of new industrial enterprises; to organize new institutes; to popularize technical achievements
IV. а) Переведите прилагательные с суффиксом "-al": educational, technical, geological, chemical
б) Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от выделенных существительных:
1. Soviet higher schools give the young people an allround education. The number of higher ... institutions increased greatly. 2. Chemistry is an important branch of the national economy. The ... industry produces plastics, synthetic materials and other products. 3. The students specialize in geology at the ... institutes. 4. The scientists of the Moscow Mining Academy carried out researches and developed mining technique. They popularized ... achievements among miners. , .'.•
V. Определите значения слова "volume" в контексте:
1. As is known, for volume of chemical production the German Democratic Republic is one of the leading states in the world. 2. In 1925 the Moscow Mining Academy had a library of many volumes of Russian and foreign scientific books and journals.
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IV. Прочитайте следующий текст. Найдите в каждом предложении группу «подлежащее — сказуемое». Определите временную форму глаголов-сказуемых. Переведите текст:
From the first years of the establishment of Soviet power, Russian scientists helped colleagues in other Soviet Republics to develop science and to popularize technological and scientific achievements. Many prominent scientists took part in the establishment of research institutions in Central Asia and other parts of the country. Union Republics founded their own Academies of Sciences. They received considerable assistance (help) from Russian scientists to develop fundamental scientific researches. The USSR Academy of Sciences was the centre of scientific researches in the country. The need for developing raw material and power resources led to the establishment of new research institutions
VII. а) |
Прочитайте |
вслух |
следующие |
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слова: |
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Leel — |
'active, |
a'cademy, |
'rapid, |
'national, con'tact, |
es- |
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tablish |
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[Л] — 'country, |
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re'public, |
'number, |
con'struction, indus - |
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trial |
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Ы — 'college, |
'volume, |
'foreign, |
'problem |
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[э:] — ' o r e , transform, |
im'portant, |
laboratory, |
'call |
'for |
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[э:] — |
'work, |
'works, |
'worker, |
'journal, |
re'search |
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[kw] — 'quality, |
'qualified, qualification |
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[k J —'technical, |
me'chanical, |
, technological, |
^mechani- |
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'zation |
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б) |
Прочитайте |
слитно |
следующие |
сочетания |
слов: |
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highly-qualified engineers and researchers for the metallurgical and mining industries; one of the best known educational institutions in the Soviet Union; metal-working factories for processing non-ferrous and ferrous metals
VIII. Прочитайте текст 2A. Скажите, |
какие |
учебные заведения |
были созданы в Советском Союзе |
на базе |
Московской горной |
академии: |
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ТЕКСТ 2А
THE FIRST SOVIET HIGHER
MINING SCHOOL
After the Great October Socialist Revolution the young Soviet Republic was in need of highly-qualified engineers and researchers for the metallurgical and mining industries.
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The miners were in need of technical education. There were only a few higher educational establishments which trained geologists and mining engineers in the country at that time. Already in 1918 V. I. Lenin signed the decree on the establishment of the Moscow Mining Academy, the first Soviet higher mining school.
According to the decree the main task of the Moscow Mining Academy was to train mining engineers and technicians to popularize technological achievements among miners,
to work on important problems of mining and |
metallurgical |
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engineering and to direct scientific researches. |
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There were three departments in the Academy: mining, |
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geological |
prospecting and |
metallurgical. The Moscow |
Min- |
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ing |
Academy |
introduced a |
new |
course in coal |
mining |
mech- |
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anization |
which |
provided |
the |
basis for the |
development |
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of mining engineering. The Soviet scientists |
A. M. |
Terpi- |
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gorev and M. M. Protodyakonov |
wrote the first text-book |
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on |
machinery |
for |
mining |
bedded |
deposits. |
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Much credit for the establishment of the Moscow Mining Academy and the development of co-operation among out-
standing scientists |
and |
educators |
is due |
to1 Academician |
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I. M. |
Gubkin, |
the |
prominent geologist |
and |
oil |
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expert. |
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In |
1925 the |
Moscow |
Mining |
Academy |
was |
already |
one |
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of the best-known educational |
institutions |
in |
the |
Soviet |
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Union. It had well-equipped |
laboratories, |
demonstration |
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rooms and a library which had |
many |
volumes |
of |
Russian |
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and foreign scientific books and |
journals. |
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The Academy established close contacts |
with |
the |
coal |
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and ore mining industries. The |
scientists carried out scien- |
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tific |
researches |
and |
worked on |
important |
mining |
problems. |
The rapid growth of the mining industry called for the training of more highly-qualified specialists and the estab-
lishment of new |
educational |
institutions. |
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New collieries |
and open-cast mines, |
concentration plants, |
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metallurgical works |
and metal-working factories for process- |
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ing non-ferrous |
and |
ferrous metals appeared in the country. |
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The Soviet people |
took |
an |
active part |
in the construction |
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of new industrial |
enterprises. |
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The Academy alone could not cope with the problem of |
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training specialists. |
In |
1930 the Moscow Mining Academy |
was transformed into six independent institutes. Among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy's departments were the Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Geological Prospecting. Later, the scientific research Institute of Mining was organized near Moscow.
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Пояснение к тексту 2А:
1.much creadit ... is due to — большая заслуга ... принадлежит
IX. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:
1. After the October Revolution the country was in need of mining engineers and geologists. 2. There were four departments in the Academy. 3. The Academy introduced a new course in coal mining mechanization. 4. In 1925 the Academy had only several well-equipped laboratories, demonstration rooms and a library which had many volumes of books. 5. The Academy established close contacts with the coal industry. 6. In 1930 the Academy was transformed into six independent institutes. 7. The Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Geological Prospecting were among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy's departments.
*X. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: |
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1. What was the main |
task of |
the |
Academy? |
2. |
What |
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new course did the Academy introduce? |
3. Were |
there three |
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or four departments at the |
Academy? |
4. |
What |
industries |
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did the Academy establish |
contacts with? |
5. Who |
wrote |
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the first text-book on machinery for mining |
bedded |
deposits? |
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6. When was the Academy transformed |
into |
six independent |
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institutes? 7. Why was the |
Academy transformed? |
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XI. Найдите в каждом ряду слово или сочетание слов, |
имеющие |
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наиболее общее значение. Проверьте себя по ключу: |
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Г) |
engineer, 2) chemist, 3) geologist, 4) specialist, |
5) |
econ- |
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omist; |
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1) coal, 2) mineral resources, 3) oil, 4) iron, 5) gas, 6) fer- |
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rous |
metals; |
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1) |
oil industry, 2) gas industry, |
3) |
extractive |
industry; |
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1) |
the sun, 2) atom, 3) |
gas, 4) |
energy |
source, |
5) |
coal, |
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6) oil |
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XII. Подберите к глаголам из списка А соответствующие существительные из списка Б. Переведите словосочетания. Проверьте себя по ключу:
A. I. to carry out, II. to direct, III. to achieve, IV. to prospect for, V. to cope with, VI. to introduce, VII. to equip, VIII. to be in need of, IX. to discover, X. to establish, XI. to sign
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Б. |
1) problems, |
2) results, |
3) |
new |
courses, 4) laborato- |
ries, 5) |
experiments, |
6) researches, 7) specialists, 8) a decree, |
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9) oil |
and gas, 10) |
contacts, |
11) |
new |
deposits |
XIII. Переведите на английский язык сочетания слов с предлогом "according to" в соответствии с:
в соответствии с (планом; декретом; результатами научных экспериментов; программой исследований)
XIV. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:
I. mining |
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equipment |
1. |
способствовать |
разви- |
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тию |
экономики |
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II. liquid |
fuel |
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2. |
потребление |
энергии |
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III. |
to meet |
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the |
require- |
3. |
направлять |
научную де- |
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ments of |
science |
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ятельность |
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IV. |
to ensure |
the develop- |
4. |
проводить |
исследования |
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ment of |
the |
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economy |
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V. available |
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resources |
5. |
принимать активное уча- |
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VI. energy |
consumption |
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в |
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6. |
жидкое |
топливо |
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VII. to carry out research- |
7. |
отвечать |
требованиям |
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науки |
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VIII . a new course in |
8. |
имеющиеся |
ресурсы |
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IX. to direct scientific ac- |
9. |
горное |
оборудование |
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tivity |
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10. |
новый |
(учебный) |
курс |
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X. to take |
an active part |
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in |
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по |
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б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следую- |
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щих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя |
по |
ключу: |
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I. учебник |
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по |
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prospecting |
for |
oil |
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II. пластовые |
месторож- |
2. |
the |
volume |
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of |
produc- |
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дения |
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tion |
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III. |
техническое |
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образо- |
3. |
the |
text-book |
on |
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вание |
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to be |
in |
need |
of |
spe- |
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IV. обработка |
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цветных |
4. |
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металлов |
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cialists |
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V. разведка |
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нефти |
5. |
technical education |
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VI. подготовка геологов и |
6. |
processing of non-fer- |
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горных |
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инженеров |
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rous |
metals |
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VII. |
объем |
производства |
7. |
to cope with the problem |
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VIII. нуждаться |
в |
специа- |
8. |
bedded |
deposits |
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листах |
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concentration |
plant |
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IX. справиться |
с |
пробле- |
9. |
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мои
28
X. обогатительная фаб- |
10. |
the |
training |
of |
geolo- |
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рика |
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gists and |
mining |
engi- |
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neers |
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XV. а) |
Прочитайте |
по-английски |
числительные: |
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1) |
20, |
50, |
68, |
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115, |
1,379, |
1,840, |
6,040, |
2,500, |
9,000, |
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3,000,000, |
1,000, |
1,200, |
2,500,000 |
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2) |
даты: |
1922, |
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1954, |
1968, |
1867, |
1900, |
1904, |
1600, 2000 |
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3) дроби: V» V3, V4, 78 , |
5/7, |
7e , |
7/9. |
0.1, |
0.2, |
0.35, |
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10.02, |
30.2, |
0.875 |
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4) проценты: 8%, 20%, 115%, 49%, 63%, 70%, |
101%, |
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0.05%, |
1,16% |
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*б) |
Напишите цифрами числительные: |
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the |
seventeenth, |
two |
hundred and sixty-one, the forties, |
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the seven |
hundred |
and |
seventy-fifth, five thousand |
eight |
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hundred |
and |
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one, |
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one |
thousand three |
hundred |
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*в) Напишите цифрами дробные и смешанные величины:
one third, a hundredth, a half, a |
quarter, |
two thirds, |
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nine |
tenths, nine |
point eight, point |
nought |
nought six, |
four |
point nought |
five |
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XVI. а) Прочитайте следующий текст. Употребите правильную форму глагола из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов. Проверьте себя по ключу:
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I. The Kuznetsk Coal Basin (1. begin, 2. began, 3. begun) |
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to |
develop |
rapidly after the October Revolution. II. The |
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Soviet people (1. take, 2. took, |
3. |
takes) an active part in the |
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construction |
of |
new |
factories, metallurgical |
and |
chemical |
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plants, |
big |
collieries and open-cast mines there. III. Before |
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the |
October |
Revolution |
coal |
mines (1. was, |
2. |
were, 3. are) |
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small |
and |
(1. |
have, |
2. |
had, |
3. |
has) |
primitive |
equipment. |
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IV. The Kuznetsk Coal |
Basin |
(1. |
is, 2. |
was, 3. were) |
in need |
of highly-qualified engineers and researchers for the metal-
lurgical |
industry. |
V. |
The rapid |
development |
of |
the |
coal |
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industry |
(1. called |
for, 2. call |
for, |
3. calls |
for) the |
establish- |
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ment |
of |
educational |
and scientific |
institutions. |
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б) Заполните пропуски во втором предложении, употребив вы- |
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деленные глаголы в соответствующей временной форме: |
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1. |
The colliery |
produces |
coking |
coal. |
Last |
year |
it ... |
more coking coal than in previous years. 2. The miners introduce automation which makes it possible to make their work easier. Last month they ... new methods of production which greatly increased the output of coal. 3. It is obvious that the mechanization and automation of mining processes make it possible to improve the working conditions of miners.
29