Английский язык для горных инженеров

The recent introduction of automated systems of planning and computer technique ... it possible to increase the effi-

ciency

of production.

XVII. Составьте предложения

из

следующих слов.

Проверьте

себя

по ключу:

I.

1) only a few, 2) were, 3) higher

mining

schools,

4)

the

country, 5) there, 6) in.

II.

1) new, 2) and, 3) scientific, 4)

in, 5)

there

appeared,

6) research,

7)

the

town,

8)

institutions.

III.

1) open-cast

mines,

2) are,

3)

there, 4) in, 5) the

area?

IV.

1) were,

2) industrial,

3)

in,

4)

enterprises,

5)

there,

6) the region, 7) no.

XVIII. Составьте вопросы, ответами на которые являются следующие

предложения:

1.

Yes,

they

did. The

scientists

carried

out

researches

in the field of geology and mining. 2. No, there were not.

There were only a						few higher mining schools in the country.
3.	No, it		did		not. The Academy established close contacts
with		the	coal		and	ore mining industries. 4. Yes, they did.
The		Soviet		people		took an active part in the development
of	heavy			industry.

*XIX. Найдите в тексте 2A предложения, в которых сказуемые выражены глаголами в форме простого прошедшего времени (The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense).

*XX. Переведите предложения, используя следующие сочетания слов:

there appeared; to establish close contacts with; to carry out researches; to train engineers and technicians; to call for specialists

1. Московская горная академия готовила инженеров и техников для горной и металлургической промышленности. 2. Ученые проводили научные исследования в области геологии, горного дела и металлургии. 3. Академия устанавливала тесные контакты с угольными бассейнами и промышленными предприятиями. 4. Быстрое развитие промышленности в стране требовало подготовки высококвалифицированных специалистов. 5. В стране появились новые специальные учебные заведения.

XXI. Выразите несогласие со следующими высказываниями и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:

1 don't think so; on the contrary; to my mind; in my opinion; as far as 1 know; as is known; in fact

30

1. The task of the Moscow Mining Academy was to train mining specialists only. 2. The Academy established contacts with the representatives of all branches of industries. 3. There were five departments in the Academy. 4. There were only Russian books in the library of the Academy.

XXH. а) Переспросите по образцу:

О б р а з е ц : The Moscow Mining Academy was the first Soviet higher school of mining.—> Was the

Moscow Mining Academy really the first Soviet higher school of mining?

	1. The Academy	established close contacts		with	the coal
and	ore industries.	2. The scientists carried		out important
researches. 3. There		were	three different departments in the
Mining Academy. 4.		The rapid growth of the mining			industry
led	to the establishment		of new higher schools.

б) Уточните интересующие вас детали высказывания:

О б р а з е ц : There were three departments in the Academy: mining, geological prospecting and metallurgical. (how many)—> Sorry, how many departments were there in the Academy?

1. The miners were in need of technical education				(who?).
2. There were	only a	few higher educational	establishments
which trained	geologists and mining engineers		(how	many?)
3. The Academy had well equipped laboratories and				demon-
stration rooms	(what?).	4. The Academy established close
contacts with the coal and ore mining industries			(with	what?).

5. New collieries and open-cast mines appeared in different parts of the country (what, where?).

XXIII. а) Составьте план к тексту 2А; б) Перескажите вкратце содержание текста 2А, используя план, а также следующие ключевые слова:

was in need of; according to the decree;	there were;		was
the first; established close contacts with;	wrote	the	first
text-book on; appeared; called for; took an	active	part	in;
was transformed; grew out

XXIV. Побеседуйте с вашим другом о Московской горной академии. Спросите, какие там были факультеты; как развивалась научная деятельность; каково значение академии в развитии горного дела в стране. Используйте активную лексику уроков 1 и 2, вопросительные слова "where", "when", "who", "why", "how many", а также разговорные формулы (§ 89).

31

II

Грамматика: Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты — §§ 44—47. Повелительное наклонение — § 35. Местоимение — §§ 26—33. Значение и употребление because и because of — § 78.

I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов:

capacity

[ka'paesiti] п

мощность;

quarry

['kwan]

п

карьер;

раз-

емкость;

производительность;

рез;

открытая

разработка; syn

(for) способность (к чему-л.)

opencast

(open-cast),

openpit

change

[tjeindj]

v

изменять(ся),

(open-pit)

(англ);

strip

mine

менять(ся); syn transform, al-

(амер)

ter;

n

изменение,

перемена;

range

[remd3]

n

область; сфера;

превращение

предел;

диапазон;

радиус

дей-

composition

[(kampa'zi,f(a)n] п

ствия; ряд;

серия

структура,

состав

regardless

[ri'cjcudlis]

of

prep

connect [ka'nekt] v соедипять(ся);

независимо

от

syn

combine, link

rock [гак] п горная порода

consist [kan'sist] v (of) состоять

shape

[i'eip]

п

форма;

to

take

из;

syn

be

made

of

the

shape

of

smth

принимать

deal

[di:l]

(dealt) v (with)

иметь

форму чего-л.

дело

с;

рассматривать

план;

skill [skil] л мастерство;

умение;

design

[di'zamj n

проект;

skilled а

квалифицированный;

чертеж;

конструкция;

v

про-

опытный;

умелый

ектировать,

планировать;

кон-

subject

[ 'sAbdgikt]

п

предмет

струировать

(изучения)

determine

[di'ta:min]

v

опреде-

survey

['sa:vei] я

съемка,

марк-

лять,

устанавливать

шейдерская

съемка;

v произ-

field

[fi:ld]

п

область,

сфера

водить

топографическую

или

деятельности;

поле,

участок,

маркшейдерскую

съемку,

про-

месторождение;

бассейн;

syn

изводить

изыскания; я

survey-

basin,

branch

ing

съемка;

маркшейдерские

graduate ['graedjueit]

v окончить

работы

(высшее

учебное

заведение);

thus [5AS] таким

образом

амер

окончить

любое

учебное

value fvaslju:] п ценность,

стои-

заведение; graduate ['«jraedjurt]

мость;

величина;

v

ценить,

п

лицо,

окончившее

высшее

оценивать;

valuable а ценный

учебное

заведение;

undergrad-

uate

(student)

студент

послед-

enter

an

institute

(university)

него

курса;

postgraduate

(stu-

поступить

в

институт

(универ-

dent)

аспирант;

graduation

pa-

ситет)

per дипломная

работа

entrance

examinations

вступи-

offer ['ofa] v предлагать (помощь,

тельные

экзамены

работу);

предоставлять;

п

full-time

(part-time)

students

предложение

студенты

дневного

(вечернего)

property

['propati]

п

свойство

отделения

П. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:

ore mining; useful minerals; valuable mineral deposits; underground or open-cast operations; soil mechanics; mine surveying; rock mechanics; physical properties of rocks; a wide range of engineering knowledge; large capacity collier-

32

ies; prospecting parties; applied science; skilled specialists; evening and correspondence departments; post-graduate students; skilled workers

III. Определите	значения выделенных	слов по сходству их корней
с корнями	соответствующих слов	в русском языке:

special institutes; geologists and mining engineers; mechanical and electrical engineers; social sciences; specialized subjects; the type of specialization and qualification; theoretical courses; economic geology; structural geology; to prospect for minerals; skilled engineering specialists; mining operations; mining technology; hydraulic engineering; electrical engineering; industrial electronics; mine machinery laboratories; control systems; rock mechanics; the use of computers; mineral dressing; mining research and its practical application; prospecting parties

IV. а) Переведите существительные с суффиксом "-ion (-tion, -ation)":

graduation, construction, education, specialization, operation

б) Заполните пропуски существительными, образованными от выделенных глаголов:

1. In the mine machinery laboratory the students design and construct machines and test them in mines. The undergraduates took part in the ... of a new conveyer. 2. The students can graduate from the Mining Institute as mining

mechanical engineers or as mining	electrical engineers.
After ... they get jobs according to	their specialization.

3. At the geological institutes undergraduates specialize in geology. These institutes also offer different ...s which the students may take. 4. Large-capacity collieries operate in different regions of the country. The aim is to introduce mechanization and automation in underground ...s. 5. The task of Soviet higher school is to educate highly-qualified specialists. Every Soviet citizen has the right to get ... .

V.Определите значения слов "capacity" и "field" в контексте:

А.1. The increase in the output of ores required the construction of large open-cast mines and the development of high-capacity machines and equipment. 2. A turbine of more than a million-kw capacity is in operation. It works at full

capacity. 3. The bucket (ковш) capacity			of modern	draglines
is from 40 to 100 cubic	metres.	4. The	productive	capacity
or output of a mine is the amount		of mineral which it		produces
in a unit (единица) of	time.

3—2132	/	33

Б. 1. The students who specialize in geology receive practical training in prospecting parties, in mines and oil

fields. 2. As is known,		mining and geological conditions of
Soviet coal-fields are		different.	3. The	Soviet scientists
carry	out researches in	all fields of science. 4. Geology is
not	limited to prospecting for		minerals.	It embraces far

wider fields. 5. Soviet scientists and mining engineers carry out researches in the field of mining engineering.

VI. Прочитайте следующий текст и озаглавьте его. В каждом предложении найдите группу «подлежащее — сказуемое». Обратите внимание на значение модальных глаголов:

Great attention is paid in the Soviet Union to engineering

education. Much depends	on today's	students.	They will
be tomorrow's engineers,	geologists,	designers,	economists,

etc. They will have to cope with the tasks which the country

will set before them. Today a student is to get a much				greater
amount of	new information and this amount is growing all
the time. Future specialists must acquire professional				knowl-
edge and skills and get modern methods of scientific			research,
advanced	production	technology, its organization	and	man-
agement.	Engineers	of a new type cannot be trained		apart

from modern production, science and technology.

They are to take an active part in accelerating scientific and technological progress.

VII.	а) Прочитайте		вслух	следующие слова:
Ы	— 'college,	'knowledge,			'colliery,	'rock, 'offer
[as! — 'graduate,			'value,	'language,		'practical
[л J — 'number,			'subject, 'study, 'other, thus, us
tail	— de'sign,	de'signer, 'time, 'mine, 'mining, 'science
If J — 'physics,		phi'losophy,			'graphics, phe'nomenon, 'phys-
	ical

Ik] — me'chanical, 'chemist, 'chemistry, me'chanics, tech- 'nology

[JJ — ma'chine, ma'chinery

б) Прочитайте следующие слова и запомните их произношение:

know [nou] — knowledge ['nohdgj; modernize ['modanaiz] — modernization ^modanai'zeiJnJ; specialize ['speJalaiz] — specialization ^spejalai'zeijn]; thorough ['OAraJ

— thoroughly ['ЭлгэЫ

в) Прочитайте слитно следующие сочетания слов:

mining engineers of underground or open-cast operations; mine machinery laboratories; the mine electrical engineering

34

course; the growth of the science of rock mechanics; the planning and control systems for mines and quarries; to give more

attention to		basic	engineering		and		mathematics
VIII. Прочитайте текст 2Б и найдите					в	нем предложения,			в которых
(	говорится	о том:	1)	что изучает		геология; 2)		какие	основные
	дисциплины должны			изучать будущие			геологи	и горные инже-
	неры:

ТЕКСТ 2Б

MINING AND GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTES

IN THE SOVIET UNION

I

In the Soviet Union the students can get mining education at special institutes which train geologists and mining engineers for coal and ore mining. The total number of students of an institute includes full-time and part-time students as

well as the students who study	at the evening or correspond-
ence departments. This number	also includes post-graduate
students.
A lot of students come to	the institute from industry.

The curricula1 consist of three basic divisions: the social sciences, general science which forms the basis for the

study of specialized subjects and				subjects which determine
the type of specialization		and	qualification.
Regardless of the type of school, all students must study
social sciences.
Soviet higher educational establishments offer different
specializations which	the	students		may take. Thus, at the
geological institutes the students				specialize	in geology,	the
science which deals with different				problems	connected	with
the Earth, its history,	the	study	of	rocks, their physical		and

chemical properties. One of the main tasks of geology is to discover and study the deposits of useful minerals.

Geology is not only a theoretical science but also an applied science. For example, mining geology is of great importance to the mining engineer. As a rule, mining geology

includes	economic geology which is connected	with valuable
mineral	deposits and with structural geology.
V. A.	Obruchev, the outstanding Soviet	geologist, says

that geology is the science of the Earth which reveals to us how the Earth took shape, its composition and its changes. Geology teaches us to understand Nature and learn how it

35

developed. Moreover,	it helps	prospect for ores,	coal, oil,
salt and other useful minerals.
This science is not	limited	to prospecting for	minerals

and studying them, it embraces a far wider field. To erect buildings, lay roads, railways, build collieries we must study local ground, we must know its composition and structure.

II

The mining institutes offer different specializations. For example, students leave the Mining Institute as mining engineers, mining mechanical engineers or as mining electrical engineers. These institutes train skilled engineering specialists for the mining industries.

The students who specialize in mining operations will graduate as mining engineers of underground or open-cast operations. In both courses they study mining technology, mine machinery and transport, geological sciences, hydraulic engineering, basic electrical engineering, industrial electronics, automation, physical properties of rocks, chemistry of rocks, surveying, mineral dressing and other subjects.

Underground miners study ventilation. On the other hand, open-cast miners must take more geological sciences than the underground miners because they deal with soil mechanics.

The students take an active part in research work in mine machinery laboratories in which they design and construct machines and test them in mines. The mine electrical engineering course pays much attention to automation. The students study control systems and computers. Mechanical and electrical engineers may specialize in underground or open-pit

mining or	in	mineral dressing. Mechanical engineers may
specialize	in	the designing of mining machinery.
Among the various specializations which the mining insti-
tutes can	offer is the course which trains a new type of min-
ing engineer		whose	function is to provide the bridge	between
mining research and			its practical application. The	need for

the mining engineering physicist has become obvious because of the growth of the science of rock mechanics.

There are also courses which deal with environmental protection, planning and control systems for mines, quarries and open-pits. The Moscow Mining Institute, for example,

has the departments of "Operations Research"						and	"Auto-
matized Control		Systems"		which	train specialists		for	this
new type of job.
Mining	needs	a	wide	range	of engineering	knowledge.
In mining	as in	all	other industries economic			factors		are

36

important. To cope with this problem the mining institutes give more attention to basic engineering and mathematics.

Close connection with life and practical work is one of the main principles of the Soviet educational system. Every student is to go through industrial training at large capacity collieries, open-cast mines, quarries, dressing plants and prospecting parties to get practical knowledge there.

Пояснение к тексту 2Б:

1. curriculum [ka'rikjubm] (pi. curricula) курс обучения; учебный план (в институте, университете).

IX. Определите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:

1. Geology is a theoretical science. 2. Economic geology deals with valuable mineral deposits. 3. Building engineers do not apply geology in their work. 4. The students who specialize in underground or open-cast operations must study surveying. 5. Mining and geological institutes pay great attention to computer education. 6. Graduates of mining institutes can work as mining engineers in quarries and underground mines. 7. All the students have practical training in laboratories where they familiarize (знакомить) themselves

with	modern equipment	and apparatus. 8. Every student
is to go through practical		training at mines, quarries or dress-
ing	plants.

*X. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

I. Where can one get mining education in the Soviet Union? 2. What does geology study? 3. How did V. A. Obruchev define (определять) geology? 4. Does geology deal only with prospecting for useful minerals? 5. What specialization does the Mining Institute offer? 6. What subjects do the students who specialize in open-cast mining study? 7. Where are the students to go through practical training?

XI. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

I. properties of		rocks	1.	проектировать	горные
II. undergraduates				машины
			2.	широкий круг	проблем
III. to carry out scientif-			3.	курс по разработке		руд-
ic	research			ных месторождений
IV. to	deal with	survey-	4.	свойства горных		пород
ing

37

V. to design

mining ma-

5.

открытая

разработка

chines

VI. on the other

hand

6. вести научно-исследова-

тельскую

работу

VII.

concentration

(dress-

7.

студенты

(последнего

ing)

plants

курса)

VIII .

a wide range of prob-

8. иметь

дело

с

маркшей-

lems

дерией

IX. a course

in

ore min-

9.

с

другой

стороны

ing

10.

обогатительные фабри-

X. open-cast

mining

ки

б)

Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих

сочетаний слов. Проверьте

себя

по

ключу:

I.

маркшейдерия

1.

valuable

deposits

II. поступать в институт

2.

qualified

engineers

III.

оканчивать

высшее

3.

to take (the) shape of

учебное

заведение

(smth)

IV. проектировать

карье-

4.

surveying

ры

5.

to

design

quarries

V. учиться

заочно

VI. большие

изменения

6.

to

graduate

from the in-

VII. состоять

из

различ-

stitute

7. to

study

by

correspond-

ных

пород

ence

VIII.

квалифицирован ные

8.

to

consist

of

different

инженеры

rocks

IX. принимать форму (че-

9.

great changes

го-л.)

X. ценные

месторожде-

10.

to

enter

an

institute

ния

полезных

иско-

паемых

XII. Подберите к

существительным

из списка А

соответствующие

прилагательные

из

списка

Б:

A.I. properties, II. output, III. workers, IV. development, V. equipment, VI. ore, VII. subjects, VIII. area, IX. train-

ing, X. scientist, XI. minerals

Б. 1) basic, 2) rich, 3) practical, 4) prominent (outstanding), 5) annual, 6) rapid, 7) reliable, 8) skilled, 9) vast, 10) physical, 11) valuable

XIII. Определите, какое слово в каждом ряду (А, Б, В) не подходит к группе остальных близких по значению слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

38

О б р а з е ц :	probably,	perhaps,		of	course,	maybe.	О т-
	в e т: of	course
A. 1) open-pit, 2) quarry, 3)			strip		mine,	4) to 6pen	up,
5) opencast,	6) open-cast mine					'
Б. 1) to use, 2) to employ, 3)			to	apply, 4)		to offer, 5)	util-
ize

B. 1) principal, 2) basic, 3) main, 4) major, 5) principle

XIV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод слов "because" и "because of":

1. Graduates are to know different control systems because of their wide use in production processes. 2. The miners were able to increase the output because the geological conditions were favourable. 3. The miners were able to begin the work because of the favourable geological conditions.

XV. Переведите сочетания слов с предлогом "regardless of" —

независимо от (невзирая на):

независимо от выбранной специальности, независимо от типа высшего учебного заведения, невзирая на трудные геологические условия, независимо от проекта

XVI. Прочитайте предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на способы выражения просьбы и приказания в английском языке:

1. There is a modern laboratory at our college. The students learn how to make experiments there. Let us go to the

laboratory now.	We shall		show	you new	mining	machines
and equipment.	2.	Let him	tell	us about	his research work.
As far as I know,	it	deals with the use of computer				techniques

in underground mining. 3. Let her make a report on the latest

achievements in open-cast

mining. 4. Do not (don't) forget

that you should be present at

the

conference

which

is

to

take place next week. Tell

your friends about it, please.

XVII. Заполните

пропуски в предложениях соответствующими местои-

мениями.

Переведите

предложения:

О б р а з е ц :

Let

... carry

out

the

experiment

(he)

->

Let

him

carry out

the

experiment.

1. Let ... determine the

type of

rock

(he).

2.

Let ... take

part in the discussion (they).

3.

Let

... say

a few words

about

the results of her research

work

(she).

4,

Let ... introduce

our new engineer

to you

(J).

5.

Let

...

be

so

(it).

XVIII. а) Составьте предложения из следующих слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

39