Английский язык для горных инженеров

available for carrying out experiments; to get mining education at special colleges and mining departments of universities; to train qualified specialists; to deal with the fundamentals of engineering science

VIII. Прочитайте текст ЗА. Назовите предложения, характеризующие систему обучения на горном факультете Ноттингемского университета:

ТЕКСТ ЗА

MINING EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

In Great Britain the students can get mining education at special colleges and at mining departments of universities. Very often people who have graduated in natural sciences and technology will study mining at postgraduate courses which train qualified specialists in mining.

For example, the Mining Department at the University of Nottingham ranks as one of the foremost teaching and research mining schools in Great Britain. The students come to the University from all parts of the country and from abroad. The close proximity of Nottingham to mines extracting coal and different metals makes it possible for the University to keep in close touch with new achievements in mining.

The aim of the training at the University is to give the student an understanding of applied science based on lectures, tutorial system,1 laboratory work and design classes. The

laboratory	work trains the students	in	accurate	recording
of observations, the drawing of logical		conclusions and pres-
entation of	scientific reports. Besides,	it	gives the	students

an understanding of experimental methods and familiarizes thein with the characteristics of engineering materials, equipment and machines.

At Nottingham there are two types of laboratories, general and specialized. General laboratories deal with the fundamentals of engineering science and specialized ones study the more specialized problems in different branches of engineering.

During the final two years of his course the student will get a comprehensive training in surveying. Practical work both in the field and in drawing classes will form an important part of this course. Besides, the students will have practical work in survey camps during two weeks. The equipment

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available for carrying out traversing, levelling, tacheometric, and astronomical surveying is of the latest design.

The practical and laboratory work throughout the three or four years of study forms a very important part of the

course and students must obtain the required standard		in
their laboratory course	work before they pass from year	to
year and finally graduate.
British educational	system is class-divided and selective.
It is fee-paying.2 One	must say that the tuition fee at uni-

versities and colleges is high and besides, a degree is no

guarantee		of	a	job. With		the increase			in	unemployment
throughout		the		British	economy,			the government cannot
guarantee		employment			for	the graduates			from colleges and
universities.
				(to	be		continued)
Пояснения		к тексту ЗА:
1.	tutorial	system — система					прикрепления			студентов к
	отдельным		консультантам				(в	университетах)
2.	fee-paying — платный

IX. Определите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:

1. In Great Britain the students can get mining education only at special colleges. 2. The training at universities is based on tutorial system. 3. The laboratory work familiarizes the students with modern equipment. 4. There are three types

of laboratories at the University			of Nottingham. 5.	When
the	students	study surveying, they have practical		work
both	in the	field and in drawing	classes.

*X. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.Where can one get mining education in Great Britain?

2.Is the Mining Department at the University of Nottingham one of the foremost research mining schools in Great Britain?

3.What makes it possible for the University to keep in close touch with the achievements in mining? 4. What are the students supposed to do in the laboratories? 5. Will the students have practical work in survey camps or in the laboratories? 6. What do the students use surveying equipment for? 7. Can the government guarantee employment for the

graduates from colleges and universities?

XI. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

4*

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I. electrical			engineering		1.	аспиранты
II. applied sciences					2.	получать	хорошие	ре-
						зультаты
III.	postgraduates				3.	записывать	наблюдения
IV. in proximity to mines					4.	электротехника
V. to		draw logical		conclu-	5.	прикладные науки
	sions				6.	поблизости	от шахт
VI.	to	obtain	good	results
VII.	to	record	observations		7. делать логические			выво-
						ды

б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

I.гарантировать занятость (работу) выпускникам высшей школы

II.проводить исследования

III. с другой стороны

IV. посещать лекции и практические занятия

V.нивелирование и горизонтальная съемка

VI. научный доклад

VII. поддерживать			кон-
такт	с
VIII. как	в	лаборатории,
так	и	на	полевой
практике		(в полевых
условиях)

1. on the other hand

2. to keep in touch with

3.to guarantee employment for the graduates from colleges

4.	to	carry		out	research (to
	be	engaged			in	research)
5.	scientific			report
6.	both		in	the		laboratory
	and		in the field

7.levelling and traversing

8.to attend lectures and classes

XII. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя выделенные слова. Проверьте себя по ключу:

I. require, II. required, III. requirement(s)

1. The mining methods of the future ... a greater knowledge of electronics and programmed methods. 2. Modern collieries and opencasts must meet the ... of science and engineering. That is why collieries and open-cast mines must keep in touch with the achievements in mining. 3. The

practical and	laboratory work throughout the study help
the students	obtain the ... standard before they graduate.

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XIII. Подберите к глаголам из списка А соответствующие существительные из списка Б. Переведите полученные сочетания слов:

A. to attend, to introduce, to	train, to	get,	to	draw,
to present, to deal with, to solve,	to carry	out,	to	depend
upon

Б. postgraduates, scholarship, lectures and classes, fundamentals of engineering, specialists, higher education, conclusions, new methods, scientific reports, problems, research, courses in engineering

XIV. Переведите на английский язык сочетания слов с предлогами "throughout" через, по всей площади (длине); все время, в течение всего времени и "during" в течение, во время:

по всей стране; по всему району; в течение всего месяца; по всему угольному бассейну; в течение двух недель; в течение года; в течение семестра

XV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на многозначность слова "one". Назовите номера предложений, в которых "one" выступает заменителем ранее упомянутого существительного.

1. In Great Britain one can get			higher		education at
colleges and universities. 2. Oxford,			famous		for	its oldest
university	in Britain, is	now one of	the	most		important
centres of the motor-car industry. 3.			The	speaker			touched
upon only	one important	problem — the		state		of	higher

education in Great Britain. 4. The training of mining engineers and geologists includes a comprehensive study of general subjects as well as specialized ones. 5. In the laboratory

students		learn to design		new collieries and quarries, to build
modern		mines,	dressing plants and reconstruct old ones.
XVI. Переведите			предложения, обращая внимание на значение "both"
и	"both ...		and":
1.	In	Great	Britain	one can get mining education both

at special colleges and at mining departments of universities.

2. Practical work	both in the field arid in	drawing classes
is very important	for the future surveyor. 3.	The mining in-

stitutes design their courses to give more attention both to basic engineering and mathematics. Both subjects are of great importance for the future engineer. 4. The library has both scientific books and foreign journals. 5. A new institute will train both geologists and mining engineers. 6. Both methods of prospecting are in use.

XVII. Прочитайте предложения. Назовите номера предложений, в которых сказуемое выражено глаголом в простом будущем времени (The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense). Проверьте себя no ключу:

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1. The plants increase the production of mining equipment every year. 2. In future the plants will considerably increase the production of conveyers and surveying equipment. Last year they produced new equipment for carrying out levelling and tacheometric surveying. 3. Will the laboratory work help the students in accurate recording of observations?

XVIII. Составьте предложения из следующих слов. Проверьте себя

	по		ключу:
	I. 1) have, 2) both, 3) and laboratory, 4) will, 5) practi-
cal, 6)		the		undergraduates,		7) work.
	II.	1)	will, 2) the students, 3) training, 4) surveying,
5)	in, 6)		have?
	III.	1) work, 2) in, 3) we, 4) the prospecting party,					5) shall,
6)	next	summer.
	IV.	1) not, 2) carry out,				3) the students, 4) experiments,
5)	will,	6)		their, 7)	tomorrow.
XIX. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, если это необходимо,
	выбрав			глагол "shall (should)" или "will (would)":
	1. At the institutes the students must learn how to use
electronic			computers		which	... play a large role in	mining

operations of the future. 2. The manager of the colliery said that after the reorganization of the colliery it ... produce about 6,000,000 tons of coking coal annually. 3. The students

must obtain the required standard of practical and					theoreti-
cal knowledge	before they	... graduate.	4.	The	rector of
the institute informed the students that			they	... have their
practical training at modern		collieries, quarries and			dressing
plants. 5. When	the students	... graduate	from the		institute,

they will deal with the discovery and prospecting of mineral fields.

XX. Переведите предложения, используя следующие сочетания слов:

to make experiments; to train specialists;		to keep in
touch with; to present	a report, fee-paying; to	get higher
education; educational	establishments

В Великобритании университеты и колледжи готовят специалистов для горной промышленности. Учебные заведения поддерживают связь с шахтами, карьерами и обогатительными фабриками. Студенты посещают лекции и практические занятия. Они проводят эксперименты и представляют научные доклады. Высшее образование плат-

54

ное. Не все молодые люди могут получить высшее образование.

*ХХ1. а) Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых действие относится к будущему времени. Выпишите сказуемые в форме инфинитива.

б) Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуе- мые употреблены в простом настоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени. Переведите предложения.

*ХХН. Напишите четыре основные формы глаголов:

to deal, to get, to give, to keep, to say, to understand

XXIII. Выразите несогласие со следующими высказываниями и подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста. Используйте предлагаемые разговорные формулы:

I am afraid that's wrong; you are not quite right; that's not quite so; as far as I know; on the contrary; in fact; in my opinion; to my mind; I don't think so; according to the text

1. Nottingham is situated far from collieries and quarries. The university cannot keep in close touch with new achievements in mining. 2. The training at the university is based only on lectures. 3. At the University of Nottingham there is only one type of laboratories. 4. Education does not depend upon the British economy.

*XXIV. Перескажите вкратце содержание текста ЗА, используя следующие ключевые слова:

can get, will study, will depend on, come to, makes it

possible, is to give, trains the students, there									are,	to	deal
with, will get, will form, will have, must								obtain
XXV. Расскажите			о	подготовке		специалистов	горно-геологического
профиля		в Великобритании				вашим друзьям		и ответьте			на их
вопросы, используя активную лексику урока и разговорные фор-
мулы (§		89).
						II
Грамматика:		Времена			группы	Perfect — §§ 53—56.			Значение		и
употребление o n l y — §					79. Значение и употребление				that	(those)
- § 76.
I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов:
advance	[ad'va:ns]		п	прогресс,		продвигаться вперед;				advanced
успех;	продвижение			вперед; v		courses	курсы		по расширенной
делать	успехи,		развиваться,			программе

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authority [o:'0oriti] n администрация; начальство

differ ['difs] v (from) отличаться (от); difference n различие, разница; different а различный; syn various

excavate ['ekskaveit] v добывать (уголь)-, вырабатывать полезное ископаемое открытым способом; вынимать (грунт)-, excavation п открытая разработка, разработка карьером; разрез, карьер; surface excavation открытая разработка; syn open-cast (opencast)

experience [iks'pwrisns] n жизненный опыт; опыт работы; стаж

found [faund] v основывать; syn establish, set up; foundation n

основание; учреждение; основа; lay the foundation положить начало чему-л., заложить основу чего-л.

manage ['пиеп^з] v управлять, заведовать, справляться, уметь обращаться; management п управление, заведование; правление, дирекция; management

studies наука об управлении mean [mi:n] (meant) v значить, иметь значение; подразумевать; намереваться, иметь в виду; means п, pi средства; meaning п значение; by means

of посредством (чего-л.) metalliferous [/mets'lif(a)ras] a

содержащий металл, рудоносный

preliminary [pri'hm(i)n3ri] a предварительный; preliminary course подготовительные курсы

realize			['rialaiz]				v представлять
	себе;		понимать				(во	всех	дета-
	лях) ; syn				understand
recognize				['rekaSnaiz]				v	призна-
	вать;		узнавать
work		out ['wa:k 'aut] v разраба-
	тывать			(план)-,			решать		задачу
to	be		of	interest			представлять
	интерес
to	give		instructions преподавать;
in	syn	to		teach
	addition				(to)	к	тому же, кро-
	ме	того
such		as	такой,			как

И. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:

the college authority; industrially experienced engineers; a wide range of subjects; a wide range of interests; a new meaning of the word; means of production; full-time and part-time education; the preliminary course of study; oil technology; mine surveying; surface excavation; difficult conditions of work; management system; graduation paper; advanced courses; extractive industries; powder metal; average coal output; to improve knowledge; to save fuel resources; that is why

III. Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству их корней с корнями соответствующих слов в русском языке:

a technical college; a preliminary course; professional training; a good tradition; a technically advanced profession; industrially experienced engineers; highly qualified specialists; the organization'of the academic year; three-term system;

examination tests; to"recommend for entry to	the university;
to take examinations; to interview all the	candidates; to
select candidates

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IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод прилагательных с суффиксом "-ous":

1. The department deals with the whole range of extrac- tive industries such as coal and metalliferous mining. 2. The famous universities of Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest ones in Great Britain dating from 1249 and 1284. They are recognized centres of education. 3. The graduates from the Mining Engineering Department work in various fields of the country's economy.

V.Прочитайте следующие предложения и найдите в каждом из них группу «подлежащее — сказуемое». Определите временную форму глаголов-сказуемых. Переведите предложения:

		"i
а) 1.	The engineer has just graduated from the mining
engineering department. 2. This year the college			authority
has introduced		a new course in environmental protection.
3. Have	you ever been in the mine? 4. A group of students
has not	yet solved the problem of using a new method in
their work. 5. Mining has now become a technically			advanced
branch	of industry.
б) 1.	A group of experienced engineers began		to design'
and construct a		new, more powerful mining equipment for •

opencasts two years ago. This year they have finished their

work. (The equipment is ready for use in industry.)					2. Some
years ago coal was the only fuel available in				Great	Britain.
In	1969 they	discovered oil in the North Sea. But still coal
has	remained	the major fuel used in	power	stations.
	в) Until	recently Britain's heavy	industry was		mainly

in the centre of England and in the London region. Such

towns	as Birmingham, Coventry	and	Sheffield produced
heavy	machinery, motor-cars and	other	equipment. These

old industrial centres have developed new branches of in-

dustry: electronics, radio, the chemical					industry and	others.
VI. Прочитайте	вслух	следующие		слова:
a) [asJ — 'manager,		'bachelor,		'candidate, ex'tractive
[э:1 — con'fer, 'surface, re'search,					re'searcher
Ы — rock,	'quarry,		'college, au'thority
[i:] — leave, de'gree,			need,	mean,	'meaning	«,
[лJ — such,	some,	'subject,		'study,	en'courage,	in'dus-
trially
b : l — four,	form,	a'ward

6) Cardiff t'ka:dif]; Newcastle ['nju: ka:sl]; Wales [weilzl; Welsh [welj]

57

в) Прочитайте слитно следующие сочетания слов:

the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science; the range of extractive industries; special methods of encouraging students; intensive tutorial system; a technically advanced profession; industrially experienced engineers

VII. Прочитайте текст ЗБ. Обратите внимание на особенности системы образования в университетах Великобритании:

ТЕКСТ ЗБ

MINING EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

(continued)

At present in Great Britain there are a number of technical institutions which give instructions in mechanical engineering, mining, metallurgy, etc. These institutions provide full-time and part-time education. It should be noted that technical colleges confer diplomas1 to college graduates.

A university graduate will leave with the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science,2 which is an academic qualification awarded by universities.

For example, the University in Cardiff has become one of the largest in Wales. It is one of the four colleges which

together with the Welsh National	School	of Medicine form
the University of Wales. There is	the Mining		Engineering
Department in the University of	Wales.	The	Department

deals with the whole range of extractive industries such as coal and metalliferous mining, quarrying and oil technology.

After graduating from the college a student can be recommended for entry to the university by the college authority

and he	can	apply for admission to the university.3
At the Mining Department students may take several
courses such		as geology, mining engineering, mine surveying,
quarrying,		management studies and others. It has become
a tradition		that the courses are based on an intensive				tutorial
system.	It	means that	students are	allotted4	to	members
of the	teaching staff5		for individual	tuition6	separately in

mining, in quarrying and in mine surveying. The system is ^founded on that of the older universities of Great Britain.

At the Department of Mining Engineering of the Newcastle University mining has now become a technically advanced profession. The Department of Mining Engineering trains industrially experienced engineers through various advanced courses in rock mechanics and surface excavation. For many years the Mining Engineering Department at

58

Newcastle has recognized the need for highly-qualified engineers and realized that the courses in rock mechanics and surface excavation are of great importance for mining engineers.

At the University a student studies for three or four years. The organization of the academic year is based on a threeterm system which usually runs from about the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of

January to the end of March and	from the middle of	April
to the end of June or the beginning	of July. The students	take

examinations at the end of each term. The Examining Board7 works out special examination tests.

Admission to the British universities is by examination and selection. The minimum age for admission to the fouryear course is normally 18 years. Departments usually interview all the candidates. The aim of the interview is to select better candidates.

Пояснения		к тексту ЗБ:
1.	confer diplomas — присуждают			дипломы
2.	Bachelor	of	Arts — бакалавр	искусств;	Bachelor of
	Science — бакалавр наук — ученые степени, присуждае-
	мые в Англии		и в США оканчивающим		университет

3.to apply for admission to the university (college) — подать заявление о приеме в университет (колледж)

4.are allotted — распределяются

5.teaching staff — профессорско-преподавательский состав

6.tuition — обучение

7.Examining Board — экзаменационная комиссия

VIII. Определите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:

1. At present there are about a hundred technical institutions in Great Britain. 2. It should be noted that British colleges confer degrees. 3. As a rule the college authority recommends the graduates for entry to the university. 4. At the Mining Engineering Department of the University of Wales the students study only metalliferous mining. 5. At the Mining Engineering Department the courses are based on an intensive tutorial system. 6. The Mining Engineering Department at the Newcastle University has recognized the importance of teaching rock mechanics and surface excavation (open-cast mining).

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