4. Read the text again and finish the following statements.
The international humanitarian law can be defined as...
The aims of international humanitarian law are ...
International humanitarian law was contributed by ...
The First Geneva Convention enshrined ...
The Peace Conferences at The Hague failed to agree on ...
The maintenance of peace, and the prevention of armed conflict are ...
The United Nations General Assembly affirmed a resolution of the Twelfth International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (Vienna, 1965) which...
Three basic principles of action in armed conflict are ...
With the adoption of resolution 2444, the General Assembly declared as unacceptable ...
The prevention of armed conflict is …
The second purpose of international cooperation is...
However, treaties and conventions cannot...
Treaties and conventions will not be effective unless...
5. Answer the following questions using the active vocabulary.
How can the international humanitarian law be defined?
What are the aims of international humanitarian law?
What contributed to international humanitarian law?
What did the First Geneva Convention enshrine?
What did the Peace Conferences at The Hague focus on?
What are the vital concerns of the United Nations?
What did the resolution of the Twelfth International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (Vienna, 1965) lay down?
What are three basic principles of action in armed conflict?
What cannot treaties and conventions do?
How is it possible to make treaties and conventions effective?
6. Using the active vocabulary render the article in English.
7. Questions for discussion.
Do you think the «law of Geneva» and the «law of The Hague» are still important? Give your grounds.
Why do you think some nations or leaders violate international humanitarian law?
What are the limits of international humanitarian law today?
What do you think may be done to improve the current international humanitarian law?
1 Enrichment and remedial programs — программы по обеспечению продуктами питания и лекарствами
2 UN High Commissioner for Refugees - Верховный комиссар ООН по делам беженцев
Unit 6. Globalization section a
I
1. Read the interview and look up the meaning of the underlined words and phrases in the dictionary.
Kofi Annan of Ghana is the seventh person to hold the post of U. Secretary General since 1946. Yet he was the first secretary general ever to be elected from the ranks of the United Nations staff. Prior to his appointment, he served as Assistant Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations. Mr. Annan lays out his thoughts on the importance — and limitations — of globalization.
What is your view on globalization?
«It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity».
How crucial is the role of governments?
«We cannot wait for governments to do it all. Globalization operates on Internet time. Governments tend to be slow moving by nature, because they have to build political support for every step».
How important are open markets?
«Open markets offer the only realistic hope of pulling billions of people in developing countries out of poverty, while keeping prosperity in the industrialized world».
What are the limits of the global market?
«We must ensure that the global market is based on broadly shared values and practices that reflect global social needs, and that all the world's people share the benefits of globalization».
How can one make the global market more attractive?
«We have to choose between a global market driven only by calculations of short-term profit, and one which has a human face».
What needs to happen to make the global village a reality?
«Business, labor and civil society organizations have skills and resources that are vital in helping to build a more robust global community».
How strong is the global economy?
«Globalization is a fact of life. But I believe we have underestimated its fragility».
How important are women in bringing about global change?
«There is no development strategy more beneficial to society as a whole — women and men alike — than the one which involves women as central players».
«More countries have understood that women's equality is a prerequisite for development».
Where do you see the primary role of the UN?
«If the United Nations does not attempt to chart a course for the world's people in the first decades of the new millennium, who will?»
What is the major challenge for the UN?
«We have the means and the capacity to deal with our problems, if only we can find the political will».
(On the UN's goal of cutting the level of global poverty in half by 2015)