V. Put the verbs in Passive Voice and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Relations in human society (to be regulated) by law.

2. Justice (to be administered) by courts.

3. Usually criminal and civil cases (to be tried) by district courts.

4. The case (to be heard) by the court last year.

5. The sentence (to be brought in) next month.

6. The work of all judicial organs (to be supervised) by the Supreme Court.

VI. Translate the questions into English and answer, using the word-combinations.

1. (Яке) Ваше прізвище?

2. Де Ви мешкаєте?

Ваша адреса?

3. Де Ви навчаєтесь?

4. Де Ви працюєте?

5. В якій галузі права Ви бажаєте спеціалізуватися?

6. Де та ким Ви бажаєте працювати?

(to specialize in criminal law, in civil law, in international law, in administrative law; to work for (at) a firm, a joint-venture, a plant, a cooperative, a court, a court of arbitration, in the Militia Office;

to be (become) an office employee, a lawyer, an investigator, a judge council (захисник), an officer of the court (судовий виконавець).

VII. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian, paying attention to articles.

1. Law (or the Law) is a whole system.

2. A law is an individual rule, or an act. Each law is a part of the whole system, which we call (the) Law.

3. There was a white house near the forest.

4. The White House is the residence of the President in the USA.

5. He committed a crime and was found guilty.

6. To fight crime is the duty of the judicial organs.

Змістовий модуль 1 (Variant 1)

Для того, щоб вірно виконати завдання, необхідно засвоїти наступні розділи курсу:

Часи групи Continuous
Present	Past	Future
I am helping he/ she/ it is helping you/ we/ they are helping	I/ he/ she/ it was helping you/ we/ they were helping	I/ we shall be helping he/ she/ it/ you/ they will be helping
Вживання
Дія у процессі (на даний момент, протягом якогось часу)
now	at 4 o’clock from 5 till 7 yesterday інша дія	at 4 o’clock from 5 till 7 tomorrow інша дія

Утворення запитання				Утворення заперечної форми
Am Is Are	I he/ she/ it you/ we/ they	helping?		I he/ she/ it you/ we/ they	am not is not are not	helping?
Was Were	I/ he/ she/ it you/ we/ they	helping?		I/ he/ she/ it you/ we/ they	was not were not	helping?
Shall Will	I/ we he/ she/ it you/ they	helping?		I/ we he/ she/ it you/ they	shall not will not (won’t)	be helping?

Часи групи Perfect
Present	Past	Future
I/you/ we/ they have helped (written) He/she/it has helped (written)	had helped had written	I/we shall have helped (written) You/they/he/she/it will have helped (written)
Вживання
Дія з результатом на даний момент часу
today this week already ever, never just, not yet	by 4 o’clock yesterday інша дія	by 4 o’clock tomorrow інша дія

Утворення запитання				Утворення заперечної форми
have has	I/you/ we/ they he/she/it	helped? written?		I/you/ we/ they he/she/it	haven’t hasn’t	helped written
had	I/we/you/he/she/it/they	helped? written?		I/we/you/he/ she/it/they	hadn’t	helped written
shall will	I/we/ you/they/he/she/it	have helped? (written?)		I/we/ you/they/he/she/it	shall not will not	have helped (written)

Passive Voice
	Present	Past	Future	Future in-the-Past
Indefinite	to be +V3 Letters are written every day	was, were +V3 Letters were written yesterday	will, shall +V3 The letter will be written tomorrow	would be +V3 (He said that) the letter would be written the next day
Continuous	to be being +V3 The letter is being written now	was, were being +V3 The letter is being written at 5 o’clock yesterday	---	---
Perfect	to have been+V3 The letter has already been written	had been+V3 The letter had been written by 5 o’clock yesterday	will (shall) have been+V3 The letter will have been written by 5 o’clock tomorrow	would have been+V3 (He said that) the letter would have been written by 5 o’clock the next day

Passive Voice
	Present		Past		Future		Future in-the-Past
Indefinite	to be +V3 Letters are written every day		was, were +V3 Letters were written yesterday		will, shall +V3 The letter will be written tomorrow		would be +V3 (He said that) the letter would be written the next day
Continuous	to be being +V3 The letter is being written now		was, were being +V3 The letter is being written at 5 o’clock yesterday		---		---
Perfect	to have been+V3 The letter has already been written	had been+V3 The letter had been written by 5 o’clock yesterday		will (shall) have been+V3 The letter will have been written by 5 o’clock tomorrow		would have been+V3 (He said that) the letter would have been written by 5 o’clock the next day

Present	Past	Future	Meaning
I (he, she, they, we, you) can translate this text. I am able to translate this text. He (she, it) is able to translate this text. You (we, they) are able to translate this text.	I (he, she, they, we, you) could translate this text. I (he, she, it) was able to translate this text. You (we, they) were able to translate this text.	--- I (we) shall be able to translate this text. You (he, she, it, they) will be able to translate this text.	Дозвіл, прохання, можливість, неможливість, вміння, припущення.
I (he, she, they, we, you) must translate this text. I (we, they) have to translate this text. He (she, it) has to translate this text. I am to translate this text. He (she, it) is to translate this text. You (we, they) are to translate this text..	--- I (he, she, they, we, you) had to translate this text. I (he, she, it) was to translate this text. You (we, they) were to translate this text.	--- I (we) shall have to translate this text. You (he, she, it, they) will have to translate this text. ---	Обов’язок, заборона. Обставини. Запрограмо-ваність.
I (he, she, they, we, you) may translate this text. I am allowed to translate this text. He (she, it) is allowed to translate this text. You (we, they) are allowed to translate this text.	I (he, she, they, we, you) might translate this text. I (he, she, it) was allowed to translate this text. You (we, they) were allowed to translate this text.	--- I (we) shall be allowed to translate this text. You (he, she, it, they) will be qallowed to translate this text.	Дозвіл, шанс, можливість у майбутньому.
Вживання модальних глаголів must, can, may з Perfect Infinitive. Must+Perfect Infinitive виражає припущення, можливість, імовірність, перекладається словами повинно бути, ймовірно: He must have gone to the laboratory. – Він, ймовірно, пішов до лабораторії. May+Perfect Infinitive виражає припущення, непевність, перекладається словами можливо, може бути: She might have lost your textbook. – Вона, можливо, загубила ваш підручник. Could, might, should+Perfect Infinitive означає, що дія, яка могла б відбутися в минулому, не відбулася. Перекладається на українську мову словами слід би і т. д.: You should have prepared better. – Вам би слід було підготуватися краще