- •Друзь ю.М., KoпитькoT.В., Лобановa в.А.,
- •Unit 1. What is economics?
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: What is Economics? Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: what economics isn't
- •Text c: Micro, Macro and Fantasy Economics
- •Business communication
- •Introductions How to Say Hello
- •If you're determined not to be caught cardless again, here are some tips to help you remember:
- •Grammar present tenses
- •The present simple tense
- •The present continuous tense
- •The present simple versus the present continuous
- •Unit 2. Factors of production
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: factors of production Active Vocabulary
- •Natural resources – land and mineral deposits
- •Human resources – labour
- •Information as a factor of production
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Text b:entrepreneurship
- •Text c:Factors of Production for an Innovation Economy
- •Business communication
- •In the office
- •Grammar the present perfect tense
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •The present continuous versus the present perfect continuous
- •The present perfect versus the present perfect contnuous
- •Present tenses review
- •Unit 3.Types of economic systems
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: types of economic systems
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b:command economy
- •Text c: the good (and bad) model guide
- •Business communication
- •Grammar exercises
- •Past tenses
- •The past simple tense
- •The past continuous
- •The past simple versus the past continuous
- •The past simple versus the present perfect
- •Unit 4. Demand and supply
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: demand and supply
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b. The role of prices
- •Text c: two factors that affect labour supply and demand
- •Business communication
- •Making an appointment
- •Ex.5. Read and study useful phrases.
- •Serge: Hi, Ann. It’s Serge. I’m calling to make an appointment for LeeAnn. She wants to meet Miles next week sometime.
- •A: Good morning. Dr. Brown's office. __________?
- •Grammar
- •Past perfect
- •Past perfect continuous
- •Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous?
- •Past Simple, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous?
- •Past tenses review
- •Unit 5. Free-enterprise system
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: what is free enterprise?
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: role of government in a free-enterprise economy
- •Text c: invisible hand
- •Business communication
- •At the airport
- •Look at the picture. What do you think the phrase Live out of a suitcase mean?
- •Going through Customs.
- •2) Role- play the situations in the airport using the vocabulary of the lesson.
- •Grammar
- •Future tenses
- •The future simple tense
- •The future simple versus the present simple
- •The future simple versus be going to
- •Be going to versus the present continuous
- •The future continuous tense
- •The future continuous versus the future simple
- •The future perfect versus the future perfect continuous
- •Future tenses review
- •The imperative mood
- •Unit 6. Forms of business organisations
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: forms of business organisations
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: nonprofit organisations
- •Text c: franchising
- •Business communication
- •At the hotel
- •In pairs read the following situations.
- •2). Choose the correct options to the questions.
- •Grammar
- •ArticleS
- •IntoEnglish.
- •Unit 7. Money
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: money and its role in the economy
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Money is a medium of exchange
- •Money is a measure of value or a unit of account
- •Money is a store of value
- •Money is a means of liquidity
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: a glimpse of the american, british and euro
- •Text c: a barter way of doing business
- •Business communication
- •On the phone
- •Inquiring about the telephone number
- •If you answer the phone and offer your help, you can say:
- •Useful Language Box
- •Grammar
- •Determiners
- •Numerals
- •Unit 8. Taxes
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: taxes
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Purposes of Taxation
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: taxation in the uk
- •Text c: taxes are good
- •Business communication
- •In company
- •Grammar
- •Pronouns
- •Adjective and adverb
- •Very, too, far, much, a lot, rather, a bit, a little, any, by far, quite, nearly, almost
- •Test yuorself
- •Test 1
- •Test 2
- •Test 3
- •Test 4
- •Test 5
- •Test 6
- •Test 7
- •Test 8
- •Test 9
- •Test 11
- •Test 12
- •Test 13
- •Test 14
- •Test 15
- •Граматичний довідник дієслово the verb
- •Дієслова to be і to have.
- •Часи дієслова
- •Група теперішніх часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Правила написання дієслівних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Загальна таблиця випадків використання
- •Не мають форми тривалого часу дієслова, що виражають
- •Група минулих часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Випадки вживання минулих часів
- •Група майбутніх часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Випадки вживання майбутніх часів
- •Інші способи вираження майбутнього часу
- •Наказовий спосіб
- •Іменник thenoun
- •Число іменників
- •Деякі іменники мають особливі форми у множині:
- •Утворення множини іменників
- •Класифікація іменників за ознакою обчислювані/необчислювані
- •Випадки переходу необчислюваних іменників у обчислювані
- •Іменники, які узгоджуються із дієсловом в однині
- •Іменники, які узгоджуються із дієсловом у множині
- •Рід іменників
- •Рід іменників в англійській мові
- •Відмінки іменників
- •Відмінок іменника. Форми та особливості вживання присвійного відмінку
- •Форми присвійного відмінку
- •Особливості вживання присвійного відмінку
- •Вживання іменників - назв неістот у присвійному відмінку
- •Іменники у функції означення
- •Артикль
- •Вживання неозначеного артикля.
- •Вживання неозначеного артикля a/an (тільки із обчислюваними іменниками в однині)
- •A/anабо one
- •Артиклі з деякими необчислюваними іменниками
- •Вживання означеного артикля
- •Вживання означеного артикля the
- •Вживання нульового артикля (відсутність артикля)
- •Детермінанти
- •Присвійні прикметники і займенники
- •Присвійні прикметники
- •Присвійні займенники
- •Вказівніслова
- •Кількісніслова
- •Some/any/no
- •Many/much/a lot (lots) of/ (a) few/ (a) little
- •All (of)/most (of)/both (of)/ none (of)
- •Every/each
- •Another/the other/other
- •Either/neither (of)
- •Числівники
- •Займенник
- •Особові займенники
- •Itабоthere?
- •Неозначено-особовізайменники
- •IndefinitePersonalPronouns
- •Зворотні займенники
- •Прикметник
- •Прислівник
- •Ступені порівняння прикметників
- •Особливі випадки утворення ступенів порівняння прикметників і прислівників
- •Appendices
- •Словотворення Word formation
- •Enjoy your reading
- •I, Pencil My Family Tree as told to Leonard e. Read
- •Innumerable Antecedents
- •Money The History of Money
- •Extract 1
- •Extract 2
- •Extract 3
- •Success story
- •The Financier, by Theodore Dreiser Chapter III
- •The Iron Heel, by JackLondon Chapter 2 Challenges
- •Glossary
- •Internet Resources
- •Contents
The present simple tense
Ex.3. Write the 3rd person singular of the following verbs. Classify the verbs into three groups as it is shown below.
Work, go, fly, destroy, do, pass, rush, buy, pay, try, sell, love, laugh, know, serve, clean, catch, manage, agree, buy, fix, brush, kiss, study, finish, wash, copy, watch, stay, wash, write, read, drive
+s |
works, destroys, |
+es |
goes, |
+ies |
flies, |
Ex.4. Put the verbs into three groups according to the reading rules and read them.
Start, begin, stop, stay, finish, close, open, make, catch, copy, say, like, put, miss, manage, mix, teach, type, try, laugh, fly, freeze, dry, crash, pass, push, lose, drop, fall, rise, save, wish, change
[s] – starts, _________________________________________________________
[z] – begins, ________________________________________________________
[iz] – finishes, ______________________________________________________
Ex.5. Write and read the he/she/it forms.
I take – he takes
I give – he _________
we watch – he _________
we buy – she _________
you repair – she _________
you work – she _________
they cost – it _________
they close – it _________
I think you are right. We can’t rely on him. - I think she _________________.
I have all the necessary data on computer. - He _________________________.
Banks open at 9 a.m. - This bank ____________________________________.
You often leave a message on the answer phone. -Your friend _____________.
You look so much like your mum. - Susan ____________________________.
You actually do nothing on your day off. - She _________________________.
They spend a lot of time driving. - Michael ____________________________.
Ex.6. Read and write the opposite (positive or negative).
I understand. – I don’t understand.
Fred doesn’t smoke. – He smokes.
Paula doesn’t live in Rome. – She ____________________.
They all know. – _______________________________.
Miss Crown doesn’t like it. – ________________________.
Samantha loves you. – ___________________________.
You are right. – ______________________________.
He is married. – _____________________________.
We don’t use it. – ______________________________.
It happens very often. – ____________________________.
I don’t work for a big company. – ____________________.
It costs a lot of money. – _________________________.
David doesn’t speak English. – _____________________.
Jill and Dick usually wear jeans. – ______________________.
The shop doesn’t work on Sunday. – ___________________.
Ex.7. Choose the correct variant.
My sister Floy and I are twins, but we are very different. Floy love/loves classical music, but I like/likes dance music. She usually get/gets up very early, and I hate/hates getting up early. On Sundays, I usually wake /wakes up at about 11. Floy is a vegetarian, she never eat/eats meat. As for me, I eat/eats meat, fish, vegetables, and everything tasty. I often wear/wear jeans, but my sister don’t/doesn’t wear jeans at all. But we both like/likes dancing, using the Internet and a lot of other interesting things.
Ex.8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple.
Angela _________ (work) in a bank
It _________ (take) her about an hour to get there.
My sister _________ (like) her job but she _________ (not like) to get up early in the morning.
Sometimes she _________ (oversleep) and _________ (miss) her bus.
So she _________ (try) to catch a taxi in order not to be late for work.
My mom _________ (say) it _________ (be) very unreasonable and even stupid of her to go to work by taxi.
Today ________ (be) my day off. I never _________ (stay) at home on Sundays.
But it _________ (look) like rain. You know, it often _________ (rain) here in September.
I _________ (not feel) like going out in such weather. Instead, I think I’ll watch a Eurovision Song Contest on TV. It _________ (start) in two hours.
Whatever the weather, Angela and her friends usually _________ (travel) somewhere.
Ex.9. Add suitable question tags to the following sentences. Read them with the correct intonation at the end of the tag to show that you are asking if something is true (1-7) and that you are only inviting the listener to agree with you (8-13).
Model: She doesn’t often agree with us, does she?
You are not really asking a question, you are only inviting the listener to agree with you. So your voice goes down at the end of the tag.
I am late, aren’t I?
You are asking if you’re late. So the voice goes up.
It’s a lovely day today, _________? – Yes, it’s absolutely wonderful.
I hear you speak fluent French, ________ .
There is something wrong, __________.
She is our new secretary, ________.
You know my telephone number, _________ .
You remember my address, __________.
He finishes work at 6.00, _________.
She is busy, _________.
It’s cold, _______.
The meeting is at three o’clock, _________.
These figures don’t astonish our boss, _________.
Jack enjoys fast driving, _________.
They don’t work at weekend, _________ .
She doesn’t care about him, ________.
Ex.10. Fill in the gaps with the correct auxiliary verb to complete the song.
Love Song
… she love him? Yes, she …
… she happy? Yes, she …
… he know it? Yes, he … Yes, he knows it.
… he love her? Yes, he …
… he happy? Yes, he …
…she know it? Yes, she … Yes, she knows it.
… they happy? Yes, they …
... they lucky? Yes, they ...
... they know it? Yes, they ... Yes, they know it.
Ex.11. Complete the questions.
A few months ago Derek bought a second-hand Mustang. The car was cheap, and he was happy. Unfortunately, the car often breaks down. His friend Ron is a mechanic. He does not like the car but he always helps him to repair it.
What _________ Derek’s car like?
His car often breaks down, _________ it?
Does his car _________ ?
Does his car _________ often or only rarely?
Why _________it break down?
Who _________ him to repair the car?
_________ Ron a sales manager or a mechanic?
Ron doesn’t like this car, _________ he?
How often _________ Ron _________ him to repair the car?
_________ you think Derek is happy with his car?
Ex.12. Match the questions with the answers.
|
a. I am a student, and I also work part time. b. Actually, it doesn’t matter. I just like good films, though I hardly ever watch horror films. c. I usually go out. d. No, only three days a week. e. No, I live in a hostel. My parents live in another city. f. KNEU. I want to be a specialist in marketing. g. I’m an advertising agent. h. About twice a month. i. Yes, I am. j. No, I usually walk to work. |
Ex.13. Alice is at a job interview at the moment.
Make up questions the interviewer may ask her. Here are some prompts to help you.
Model: why/ want this job → Why do you want this job?
have any experience in this kind of work
what/ foreign languages/ speak
know/ how to send a fax
have any computer skills
what/ your strengths and weaknesses
make decisions quickly and independently
feel comfortable meeting new people
can/ work under pressure
why/ you think/ you are the right person for this job
have any questions you’d like to ask us
Now formulate questions Alice is likely to ask the interviewer.
offer/ you/ a training programme
there are/ any promotion prospects
how many/ people/ work in this department
they/ work overtime/ very often
when/ the job/ start
what/ the salary scale
how long/ the probation (випробний термін)
Ex.14. Work in pairs and try to improvise an interview of your own. You can use some of the questions in Exercise 6. Think about answers.
Ex.15. Open the brackets and put the time expressions in the right place. The first two sentences have been done for you as an example.
Don’t call him. You know he is very busy at work. (always) – He is always very busy at work.
They give me a welcome (always) when I go there. – They always give me a welcome when I go there.
I have a cup of green tea in the morning. (usually) – _____________________
My brother drinks coffee. (always) – _________________________________
He doesn’t take sugar in his coffee. (usually) – __________________________
Oliver is a manager. He gets to work by 9. (normally) – ___________________
He drives to the office. (generally) – __________________________________
He is late for work (never) but he stays at the office until late in the evening. (often) – ________________________________________________________
Does he travel on business? – Yes, he does. (often) – ____________________
No, he does. (never) – ____________________
Psychologists say that people who have red cars drive fast and aggressively.
(usually) – _______________________________________________________
Ex.16. Complete the following proverbs and sayings inserting often, always or never in the right place. Match the proverbs with the Ukrainian equivalents. Give your own interpretation of them.
The morning sun lasts a day.
Lost time is found again.
The best is the enemy of the good.
The customer is right.
Не можна повернути втрачений час. Клієнт завжди правий. Ніщо не є вічним під місяцем. Краще часто є ворогом хорошого.
Ex.17. Correct the mistakes if there are any.
Everyone ask for advice, but few listen.
Mother – the bank where we deposit our hurts and worries.
Our boss asks us often to work overtime.
I am usually start work at half past eight.
Nobody doesn’t work at this desk.
Do you and Sally go often to the cinema?
Your sister likes comedies and romantic films, isn’t she?
Does your brother always drive so fast?
She is often goes to the park on Sundays.
How often you visit your relatives in Vienna?
It is rarely raining in Kuwait.
What does this sign means?
Excuse me, what time is Flight 757 from Warsaw arrive?
The moon is turn round the earth every 28 days.
Luckily I’m having a friend who speaks Spanish.
Ex.18. Translate into English.
Фіоно, це твій брат на світлині?
Так, це Семен, а це його партнери; спеціалісти з Німеччини.
Семен – бізнесмен. Він часто їздить у відрядження до Німеччини.
Він розмовляє німецькою? – Так, досить гарно.
Семен читає книги в оригіналі, іноді він дивиться фільми німецькою.
Хелен, а ти володієш якою-небудь іноземною мовою? – Так, розмовляю іспанською, тільки трохи.
У вас є уроки іспанської в університеті?
Так, двічі на тиждень. Крім того, по понеділках і четвергах я ходжу на курси іспанської (take a Spanish course).
Я теж хочу вивчати іспанську.
Чому б тобі не приєднатися до мене і не розпочати навчання на курсах?