- •Друзь ю.М., KoпитькoT.В., Лобановa в.А.,
- •Unit 1. What is economics?
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: What is Economics? Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: what economics isn't
- •Text c: Micro, Macro and Fantasy Economics
- •Business communication
- •Introductions How to Say Hello
- •If you're determined not to be caught cardless again, here are some tips to help you remember:
- •Grammar present tenses
- •The present simple tense
- •The present continuous tense
- •The present simple versus the present continuous
- •Unit 2. Factors of production
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: factors of production Active Vocabulary
- •Natural resources – land and mineral deposits
- •Human resources – labour
- •Information as a factor of production
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Text b:entrepreneurship
- •Text c:Factors of Production for an Innovation Economy
- •Business communication
- •In the office
- •Grammar the present perfect tense
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •The present continuous versus the present perfect continuous
- •The present perfect versus the present perfect contnuous
- •Present tenses review
- •Unit 3.Types of economic systems
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: types of economic systems
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b:command economy
- •Text c: the good (and bad) model guide
- •Business communication
- •Grammar exercises
- •Past tenses
- •The past simple tense
- •The past continuous
- •The past simple versus the past continuous
- •The past simple versus the present perfect
- •Unit 4. Demand and supply
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: demand and supply
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b. The role of prices
- •Text c: two factors that affect labour supply and demand
- •Business communication
- •Making an appointment
- •Ex.5. Read and study useful phrases.
- •Serge: Hi, Ann. It’s Serge. I’m calling to make an appointment for LeeAnn. She wants to meet Miles next week sometime.
- •A: Good morning. Dr. Brown's office. __________?
- •Grammar
- •Past perfect
- •Past perfect continuous
- •Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous?
- •Past Simple, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous?
- •Past tenses review
- •Unit 5. Free-enterprise system
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: what is free enterprise?
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: role of government in a free-enterprise economy
- •Text c: invisible hand
- •Business communication
- •At the airport
- •Look at the picture. What do you think the phrase Live out of a suitcase mean?
- •Going through Customs.
- •2) Role- play the situations in the airport using the vocabulary of the lesson.
- •Grammar
- •Future tenses
- •The future simple tense
- •The future simple versus the present simple
- •The future simple versus be going to
- •Be going to versus the present continuous
- •The future continuous tense
- •The future continuous versus the future simple
- •The future perfect versus the future perfect continuous
- •Future tenses review
- •The imperative mood
- •Unit 6. Forms of business organisations
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: forms of business organisations
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: nonprofit organisations
- •Text c: franchising
- •Business communication
- •At the hotel
- •In pairs read the following situations.
- •2). Choose the correct options to the questions.
- •Grammar
- •ArticleS
- •IntoEnglish.
- •Unit 7. Money
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: money and its role in the economy
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Money is a medium of exchange
- •Money is a measure of value or a unit of account
- •Money is a store of value
- •Money is a means of liquidity
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: a glimpse of the american, british and euro
- •Text c: a barter way of doing business
- •Business communication
- •On the phone
- •Inquiring about the telephone number
- •If you answer the phone and offer your help, you can say:
- •Useful Language Box
- •Grammar
- •Determiners
- •Numerals
- •Unit 8. Taxes
- •Lead-in
- •Text a: taxes
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Purposes of Taxation
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Language skills
- •Writing
- •Discussion points
- •Text b: taxation in the uk
- •Text c: taxes are good
- •Business communication
- •In company
- •Grammar
- •Pronouns
- •Adjective and adverb
- •Very, too, far, much, a lot, rather, a bit, a little, any, by far, quite, nearly, almost
- •Test yuorself
- •Test 1
- •Test 2
- •Test 3
- •Test 4
- •Test 5
- •Test 6
- •Test 7
- •Test 8
- •Test 9
- •Test 11
- •Test 12
- •Test 13
- •Test 14
- •Test 15
- •Граматичний довідник дієслово the verb
- •Дієслова to be і to have.
- •Часи дієслова
- •Група теперішніх часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Правила написання дієслівних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Загальна таблиця випадків використання
- •Не мають форми тривалого часу дієслова, що виражають
- •Група минулих часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Випадки вживання минулих часів
- •Група майбутніх часів Утворення стверджувальних, заперечних та питальних форм
- •Типи питальних речень
- •Випадки вживання майбутніх часів
- •Інші способи вираження майбутнього часу
- •Наказовий спосіб
- •Іменник thenoun
- •Число іменників
- •Деякі іменники мають особливі форми у множині:
- •Утворення множини іменників
- •Класифікація іменників за ознакою обчислювані/необчислювані
- •Випадки переходу необчислюваних іменників у обчислювані
- •Іменники, які узгоджуються із дієсловом в однині
- •Іменники, які узгоджуються із дієсловом у множині
- •Рід іменників
- •Рід іменників в англійській мові
- •Відмінки іменників
- •Відмінок іменника. Форми та особливості вживання присвійного відмінку
- •Форми присвійного відмінку
- •Особливості вживання присвійного відмінку
- •Вживання іменників - назв неістот у присвійному відмінку
- •Іменники у функції означення
- •Артикль
- •Вживання неозначеного артикля.
- •Вживання неозначеного артикля a/an (тільки із обчислюваними іменниками в однині)
- •A/anабо one
- •Артиклі з деякими необчислюваними іменниками
- •Вживання означеного артикля
- •Вживання означеного артикля the
- •Вживання нульового артикля (відсутність артикля)
- •Детермінанти
- •Присвійні прикметники і займенники
- •Присвійні прикметники
- •Присвійні займенники
- •Вказівніслова
- •Кількісніслова
- •Some/any/no
- •Many/much/a lot (lots) of/ (a) few/ (a) little
- •All (of)/most (of)/both (of)/ none (of)
- •Every/each
- •Another/the other/other
- •Either/neither (of)
- •Числівники
- •Займенник
- •Особові займенники
- •Itабоthere?
- •Неозначено-особовізайменники
- •IndefinitePersonalPronouns
- •Зворотні займенники
- •Прикметник
- •Прислівник
- •Ступені порівняння прикметників
- •Особливі випадки утворення ступенів порівняння прикметників і прислівників
- •Appendices
- •Словотворення Word formation
- •Enjoy your reading
- •I, Pencil My Family Tree as told to Leonard e. Read
- •Innumerable Antecedents
- •Money The History of Money
- •Extract 1
- •Extract 2
- •Extract 3
- •Success story
- •The Financier, by Theodore Dreiser Chapter III
- •The Iron Heel, by JackLondon Chapter 2 Challenges
- •Glossary
- •Internet Resources
- •Contents
The imperative mood
Ex.1. Complete the sentences, using the following expressions.
Be careful! Haveagoodjourney/holiday! Help! Hurry up! Look out! Sleep well. Come in. Don’t forget… Don’t worry. Follow me. Have some (more)… Make yourself at home. Sit down. Wait for me!
1. I’m going to bed. – Good night! ______________________________________
2. Could I see Mr.Smith, please? I have an appointment for 3 o’clock. – Of course, sir. ___________________________, please.
3. ____________________. – Thanks. I’ll phone you as soon as I get to the place.
4. ________________________! It’s so slippery here!
5. ________________________. We are going to be late!
6. ________________________I can’t swim!
7. _________________________ I can’t catch up with you!
8. ____________________ coffee. – No, thanks, I don’t drink more than one cup.
9. I’ll be home late tonight. – OK. ________________________ your keys then.
10. Hello. _____________ and __________________, please. ______________ .
11. Jane hasn’t called yet! – . __________________, she will if she has promised.
Ex.2. Use adverbs always and neverin the following imperative sentences.
1. Add salt to potatoes when you cook them.
2. Check the tyres before you drive a car.
3. Cook chicken when it's frozen.
4. Wait more than fifteen minutes for somebody who's late.
5. Unplug electrical appliances before repairing them.
6. Count your change after buying something.
7. Put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
8. Say “'I will love you for ever”.
9. Pay bills the day you get them.
10. Apologise for things that are not your fault.
Ex.3. Change the following sentences according to the model.
Model:Will you stop whistling? →Stop whistling, will you?
1. Can’t you do something useful?
2. Won’t you stop asking questions?
3. Could you post this letter?
4. Would you hold this bag?
5. Can you get me some stamps?
6. Won’t you come in?
7. Will you take a seat?
8. Can you answer the phone?
9. Could you type this document today?
10. Won’t you come too late?
Ex.4. Decide which of the following imperatives sound too direct and make them more polite.
1. You stay here and wait for me.
2. Stop talking! I can’t hear anything because of you.
3. Take your seats, everybody, and let’s start.
4. Don’t ask me how to get to the railway station. I’m not from here.
5. Go to the traffic light and turn right.
6. Don’t you touch this iPad - it’s not yours!
7. Get out of my way and let me pass!
8. Give me your phone. I promised Jane to call her at 6.
9. Tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.
10. Take off your hat when you enter the room.
Ex.5. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Remember always what I told you.
2. Don’t tell anybody, won’t you?
3. Let he will call me tonight, and I’ll tell him about the results of the meeting.
4. The letter has arrived but let’s don’t open it until John gets home.
5. Shall we have a break for a cup of coffee now? - Let us have a break.
6. What cake shall we buy for Dad’s birthday? – Let me consider. I think I’ll bake a cake myself.
7. You don’t believe her; she never tells the truth!
8. Look never at me like that!
9. Let’s don’t argue about these obvious things.
Ex.6. Translate into English.
1. Не ходіть по траві!
2. Я ніколи не була у Франції, давай поїдемо до Парижа цього літа!
3. Ну сідай ж!
4. Ніколи більше про це не запитуй!
5. Почувайте себе як вдома!
6. Замовкніть, усі!
7. Не паліть тут, добре?
8. Обережно, ти можеш впасти!
9. Нехай він сам вирішує, що робити.
10. Поквапся, ми запізнюємось.
11. Не приходьте завтра, я буду зайнятий.
12. Не хвилюйтесь, усе буде добро.
13. Давай повечеряємо сьогодні разом.
14. Обід готовий, йди мий руки.
15. Завжди перевіряйте рахунок перед тим, як сплатити.
Unit 6. Forms of business organisations
TEXT A: Forms of business organisations
TEXT B: Nonprofit organisations
TEXT C: Franchising
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION: At the hotel
GRAMMAR: Nouns. Articles.
Entrepreneurs are simply those who understand that there is little difference between obstacle and opportunity and are able to turn both to their advantage.
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527),
Italian writer and statesman
Lead-in
What do you think “an entrepreneurial person” means? Are you entrepreneurial by nature? Can you make decisions? How organised are you? Are you self-motivated?
Have you ever thought of launching your own business? If yes, why do you think it is more preferable to be “your own boss” than to be directed and managed by somebody else?
What are the arguments for the work in a company? Would you prefer to work for a big or small company? Why? What are the advantages of each?
PRE-TEXT EXERCISES
Reading drills
Ex.1. Read the following words with letter u.
[ʌ] fund, function, suffer, structure, number, production, vulnerable
[ju:] use, numerous, assume, dispute, future, unique, pursue, contribute
[u:] junior, true, rule, rude, prudence
[u] full, pull, push, fulfil, fulfilment
[juə] security, contractual, individual, during
[ə] difficult, successful, circumstance, upon
[i] business, businessman, busy
Ex.2. Read the words with the following letter combinations.
qu [kw] quickly, require, quantity, quality, quarter
igh [ai] light, bright, sight, high, sigh, might, fight
ous [əs] numerous, dangerous, famous, glamorous, obvious
Ex.3. Read the words in the groups below. Pay attention to the word stress.
words with the stress on the first syllable:
numerous, profit, asset, vision, partnership, income, flexible, generate, personal, legal, crisis, argument, favour, process (n,v – обробка, обробляти); corporate, ordinary, management, separate, government, charter, dividend;
words with the stress on the second syllable:
particular, security, potential, achievement, fulfilment, process (v- рухатися у процесії), control, proprietor, requirement, advantage, majority, complete, distinct, receive, dissolve, desire, adaptable, assume, distinguish, contribute, incentive;
polysyllabic words with the main and secondary stress:
entrepreneur, opportunity, liability, shareholder, corporation, disadvantage, responsibility, employee, disagreement.
Ex.4. Practise reading the following words.
Entrepreneurship, independence, liability, vulnerability, proprietorship, decision, restructure, high-calibre, opportunity, distinguish, corporate, bankruptcy, withdrawal, unique, weighty, weightiest, obviously, shareholders, circumstance, pursue.
Word formation