B: Can I help you?
A: How do I get to Crossroads?
B: ______ any train from platform 1. ______ at King’s Yard. ______ the local train - it’s yellow. ______ at the next station. That’s it.
A: Thank you.
B: That’s quite all right.
Ex.8. Fill in the blanks for each extract. Use the following words.
across your corner down exit far front how right looking lost miss moment off on take to transfer way
Directions by Street Name and Nearby Landmarks:
A: You look ____________ . Can I help you?
B: Yeah. I’m ____________ for the Opera Theater. Do you know where it is?
A: It’s on the ____________ of Vladimirskaya Street and Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street. It’s not far from the Golden Gates Metro station. You can’t __________ it.
Directions by Underground or Bus:
A: Excuse me. Can I trouble you for a ____________ ?
B: Sure. What’s wrong?
A: I’m lost. Do you know ____________ to get ____________ the Olympic Stadium?
B: The easiest ____________ to get there is probably by underground. Just ____________ the Central Line to Khreschatyk Station, ____________ to Maidan Nezalezhnosti on Blue Line and get ____________ at Olympiyska Station. When you go out any ____________ , it should be right in ____________ of you.
Directions by Foot or Car:
A: Can I get to the Premier Palace Hotel from here ____________ foot?
B: Sure. It’s not that ____________ . Just go ____________ Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, then turn ____________ to Pushkinskaya Street and then left to Taras Shevchenko Street. The hotel should be on ____________ right. It’s ____________ from Bessarabska Square.
Using the above dialogues as a model, explain how to get to your university or home by underground or bus, on foot, by street name or nearby landmarks.
Ex.9. Look at the office plan. Can you match the questions and answers?
1 Excuse me. Where's the lift?
2 Excuse me. Where are the stairs?
3 Where's the computer room? A Where's the drinks machine?
5 Where are the toilets, please?
a On the right, just after the lift, b It's over there. The first door on the right, c It's just past the stairs. The third door on the right.
d Go through the doors at the end, and they're on the right, e Go to the end of the corridor, through the doors, and turn left.
Ex.10. John Smith has come to Glick and Warburg on a business trip, but he can’t find where the company’s office is. He calls Laura Sands, the company’s manager, on his mobile. Read the dialogue from the Business Basics course and answer these questions.
1 Where is John exactly? 2 Which floor is Meta Co. on? 3 Mark the position of Meta Co. on this floor plan.
L.: Laura Sands. How can I help you?
V: Hi, Laura. This is John.
L: John! Where are you?
V: I'm in your building but I can't find your offices.
L: Are you on the fourteenth floor?
V: No. I'm on the fourth. At reception they told me to go the fourth.
L: No, we're on the fourteenth, John. Are you near an elevator?
V: Yes, there's one just next to me. It's Elevator D.
L: Elevator D. OK. So take the elevator to the fourteenth floor. When you come out of the elevator, turn left. You'll see the Conference Center in front of you. Then take the first right.
V: One second. So that's left at the elevator, then first right.
L: Yeah. Go along the corridor, past the Conference Center. At the end of the corridor you come to a small escalator. Go up the escalator, and Glick and Warburg is immediately on the right, just opposite the Business Center.
V: So that's along the corridor, up the escalator, and you're on the right.
L: Yeah - just opposite the Business Center. It's easy to find. There are signs everywhere.
V: OK, thanks, Laura. I'll be with you in a moment. Bye.
L: Good luck, John!
Ex.11. You work in an office on the fourteenth floor. Decide where it is on the floor plan above, but don't tell your partner. Give your partner directions from one of the four lifts / elevators. Your partner must say which office it is.
Grammar exercises
Past tenses
Ex.1. Define the tense forms in the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian.
Model:
He solved (Past Simple) the cross-word yesterday. He was solving (Past Continuous) the cross-word puzzle when he heard (Past Simple) the telephone ringing. He had solved(Past Perfect) the cross-word puzzle by the time the film started (Past Simple). He had been solving (Past Perfect Continuous) the cross-word puzzle for half an hour.
1. Yesterday I was ringing up to my secretary but nobody answered. I was ringing her from 3 till 5 o’clock. At last she answered at eight o’clock in the evening. She told me that she had been working on her report all that time.
The weather was terrible. It was raining heavily. She had been standing at the bus stop for half an hour but there was no sign of any transport.
When I arrived, he was staying in the same hotel where we first had met.
One day I was sitting in my office in a small town on the west coast of England. It was five o’clock in the afternoon. I had already finished my work for the day and was resting quietly in my favourite armchair. I was thinking of the days that had gone by, especially of those days that I had spent on the Coral Islands in the Pacific.
Ex.2. Define what tense forms should be used in the following micro-situations. You don’t need to translate the sentences.
Ми погодились, коли вона запропонувала нам поїхати у відрядження. Вона запевняла, що організація була чудовою.
Мені дзвонив хто-небудь 20 хвилин тому? – Так, твій партнер з бізнесу. – Що він сказав? – Він сказав, що замовив тенісний корт на сьому годину.
Де ти був учора ? Я приходив до тебе. Я подзвонив кілька разів, але ніхто не відповів. – Я був на виставці наших товарів. Я працював там кілька годин, коли ти прийшов до мене.
Жінка сиділа біля вікна і думала. Вона думала про те, що її колега не повідомив її перед тим, як поїхав до Києва.
Коли я зустрів її пів години тому, її очі були червоні. Я зрозумів, що вона плакала.
Сара прийшла додому о шостій. Вона повечеряла і почала читати книжку, коли раптом згадала, що вона забула подзвонити босу.
Вони йшли по вулиці і розмовляли, коли вона раптом забула, що хотіла сказати.
Вони прийшли додому опівночі, тому що збори закінчились пізно. Коли вони зайшли до квартири, то побачили, що всі вже сплять.
The past simple tense
Ex.3. Write the Past Simple of the following verbs Refer to the Table of Past Tenses – Spelling.
Smile, argue, cancel, reply, plan, file, point, die, ship, wave, map, carry, lie, stop, use, relax, stay, study, tie, cram, try, open, drop, hurry, step, borrow, drag, permit, refer, differ, control, hope, hop, annoy.
Ex.4. Write the Past Simple of the verbs in the list below. Systematize them into three groups according to the reading rules. Then, read the verbs out.
/d/ - після голосних та дзвінких приголосних – play-played
/t/ - після дієслів, які закінчуються на /k/, /s/, /ts/,/f/,/p/ – watch-watched
/id/ - після дієслів, які закінчуються на /t/ або /d/ – add- added
Wait, start, tape, explain, charm, smash, remind, hope, shout, rain, aim, happen, listen, tame, laugh, help, wish, wave, visit, kiss, look, miss, enjoy, dive, crash, clean, jump, arrange.
Ex.5. Write the past forms of these irregular verbs.
Be, broadcast, burn, catch, choose, cost, cut, drive, eat, find, fly, get, have, meet, see, send, stand, take, teach, think, wake, and write.
Ex.6. Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb in the correct form.
find, meet, burn, hit, choose, ride, begin, buy, lend, teach, fly, break, catch, cut
My friend lent me the sum of money I asked him for.
Larson _________a horse when he lived in the village.
The boys ________ the ball and ________ the windowyesterday.
My group mate ________ the topic for the course paper last week.
The Browns ________ to Paris on holiday last year.
She ________ her school mate at the theatre last night.
The wooden hut ________ fire and ________ last summer.
George ________ the latest model of Nissan last month.
She ________ the ring she had lost at the wedding ceremony.
Father ________ his son to drive last summer.
Ex.7. The main forms of the following verbs are often misused.
beat — beat — beaten
lay — laid — laid
bite — bit — bitten
lie — lay — lain
feel — felt — felt
lie — lied — lied
fall — fell — fallen
rise — rose — risen
find — found — found
raise — raised — raised
found — founded — founded
saw — sawed — sawed
hang — hung — hung
sew — sewed — sewn
hang — hanged — hanged
sink- sank-sunk
draw — drew — drawn
stick — stuck — stuck
withdraw — withdrew — withdrawn
strike — struck — struck
Answer the questions using the above mentioned verbs.
“When did they sink the submarine?” –“They sank it a month ago.”
1. When did they lay the table? 2. Where did they hang the picture? 3. When did they withdraw the troops from the country? 4. When did they raise the workers’ wages? 5. Where did they find the manuscript? 6. When did they found the museum? 7. When did they draw up the contract? 8. When did they lay off the workers? 9. When did they ring the bell? 10. When did the clock strike? 11. When did they find the new workers? 12. When did they feel bad? 13. Why did they lie to us? 14. When did the dog bite you? 15. When did they saw the branches? 16. When did you sew the dress?
Ex.8.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms of the Past Simple.
John had a bad day. It happened to him exactly as one humorous rhyme says:
He (oversleep) and (miss) his train,
(Slip) on the sidewalk in the pouring rain.
(Sprain) his ankle, (skin) his knees,
(Break) his glasses, and (lose) his keys.
So, when he (get) home, he (look) angry.
Ex.9. Choose suitable time expressions and put them in the correct position.
yesterday, a week ago, last month/ week/ year, two years ago, an hour ago, on Tuesday/ Friday/ Sunday, in 2012
I went to the office by taxi.
They signed the contract.
They cut their living expenses by half.
Mr. Mckinley founded this hotel.
The prices fell down sharply.
This purchase cost us a fortune.
Our company sold this building to our partners.
The BBC broadcast the match live from Paris.
Jimmy flew to Amsterdam on business.
Luckily, my friend lent me some money.
The students of my group flew to California.
His assistant came at 12 o’clock.
They started this company.
Mary and Jane bought absolutely similar cars.
His HR manager taught him how to behave at the interview.
Ex.10. Rewrite the sentences in the negative. Look at the example provided.
My brother found his watch. – My brotherdidn’t find his watch.
You jumped high. – ______________________.
Albert played squash. – ______________________.
The teacher tested our English. – ______________________.
Fiona visited her grandma. – ______________________.
He washed the car. – ______________________.
You were thirsty. – ________________________.
She forgave her husband. - __________________.
He had a computer. – ______________________.
I bought bread. – __________________________.
You saw the house. – ______________________.
Ex.11. Write questions in the Past Simple.
Model:
you / walk / the dog –Did you walk the dog?
she / home / get – ____________________________?
Anna / the window / open
you / in the garden / work – ______________________?
you / a song / sing – ____________________________?
she / on a chair / sit – ___________________________?
you / the castle / visit – __________________________?
Jenny / the door / lock – _________________________?
she / happy / be – _______________________________?
Greg / the ball / kick – ___________________________?
the car / at the corner / stop – ______________________?
Ex.12. Put the verbs in brackets into the most suitable form (affirmative, negative or interrogative). Make other necessary changes.
The construction of the business centre ________ (start) a month ago.
It ________ (be) bitterly cold yesterday. I ________ (not put) on my warm coat and I ________ (catch) a cold.
The postman ________ (bring) the morning mail only at 12 o’clock.
I ______(see) you the other day coming out of the library with a stack of books.
We ________ (have) a picnic yesterday, but the rain ________ (spoil) the whole pleasure.
You ________ (go) to the Crimea when you ________ (be) a child?
As soon as I came up, they _______ (get) into the taxi and _______ (go) away.
What places of interest you ________ (see) when you ________ (be) in Italy?
Every winter Nick ________ (go) to the Swiss Alps to ski.
He ________ (come) in, ________ (take) off his hat, ________ (move) a chair to the table and ________ (join) the conversation.
When he ________ (arrive)? The plane was delayed and he ________ (come) two hours later.
How much your bag ________ (cost)? – I ________ (pay) $200 for it.
When Valerie worked late, Carl always _________ (walk) her home.
Ex.13. These statements may have inaccurate information. If you don’t agree with them, respond in the negative and give accurate information.
Model:
Agatha Christie was a very popular Australian writer.
– No, she wasn’t. She was a very popular English writer.
You started learning English last year.
Michelangelo painted the Mona Lisa.
You worked part-time in a bank last year.
Shakespeare wrote detective stories.
Abraham Lincoln was the first president of the USA.
Michael Jackson died at the age of 60.
Merriam and you studied at the library together yesterday.
You went on holiday to the Canary Islands last summer.
You saw “The Titanic” at the weekend.
Uma Thurman starred in the film “Pretty Woman”.
Ex.14. Make up questions to the phrases below, using most suitable time references from the box. Give short and full answers. Your sentences must be in the Past Simple.
two hours ago, a few years ago, yesterday, last afternoon, last night, last Saturday, in your/my childhood, after breakfast/dinner, for her birthday
Model:
Meet a friend at the theatre.
- Did you meet your friend at the theatre yesterday?
- No, I didn’t. I met him in the café.
1. Hear it on the news.
2. Live in the house around the corner.
3. Go to London on business.
4. Take a long walk after lectures.
5. Negotiate the contract with your partners.
6. Borrow some money from your friend.
7. Find a new friend at University.
8. Have a cup of coffee before work.
9. Take the book back to the store.
10. Get a very tempting offer.
11. See a person who is very generous.
12. Send your Mother a dozen roses.
Ex.15. Make up 10 tag questions, using phrases in Ex. 12. Give short answers.
Model:
You lived in the house around the corner.
- A few years ago you lived in the house around the corner, didn’t you?
- Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t.
Ex.16. Read the text. Fill in the gaps with proper auxiliary verbs to complete the questions following the text.
People used to get water mostly from streams, lakes and rivers. Then cities started growing. This brought many people to one place. They needed more water for their homes and factories.
Sometimes it didn’t rain for a long time. Then the rivers had very little water left. People learned to save water for these dry times. They built places in which they stored water. They called these places reservoirs.
Reservoirs hold water until people in cities need it. Large pipes carry water from reservoirs to the city. People also get water from wells.
Years ago, people lifted water out of wells in buckets. This was hard work and took a long time. Now they pump the water up. The pump makes it easier for people to get water where they want it.
Where _______ people use to get water from?
What _______ started growing?
Why _______ the rivers have very little water left?
What _______ people learn to do for the dry times?
What _______ people build to store water?
How long _______ reservoirs hold water?
How ______ people lift water out of wells years ago?
How long ______ it take them to lift water out of wells?
What ______ the way to get water now?
_______ the pump make it easier to get water they want?
used to / would + infinitive
Ex.17. Stella has found a new job and her life has changed. Look at the chart below and write what she used to or didn’t use to / never used to do in the past.
Some time ago
She worked as a school teacher.
She lived in a small town.
She lived in a small house.
She didn’t get up early.
She didn’t earn much money.
She walked to get to work.
She had a dog.
She didn’t have good neighbours.
She didn’t have a family.
She never travelled.
Now
She works at the university.
She lives in the capital.
She lives in a big flat.
She gets up very early.
She earns a lot of money.
She drives her car to work.
She has a dog and two cats.
She has very nice neighbours.
She has a husband and two daughters.
She travels with her family a lot.
Ex.18. Think of suitable verbs to complete the sentences. Look at the example provided.
There used to be a very good public library here. Now there isn’t any. We
have to go either to the University library or to the National Library in the city centre.
Customers didn’t use to ______ shopping from home.
I used to ______ in that house over there.
The Moody Blues used to ______ very popular when I was young.
We used to _______ a piano, but we sold it.
I used to _______ to the cinema a lot, but I never get the time now.
I used to ______ that he was really intelligent but I've changed my mind.
He used to ______ a lot of money but he lost it all investing in Web sites.
In the 1950's English people used to ______ to the radio much more than they do now.
My sister didn’t use to ______ out much, but now she’s never at home!
Did she use to _______ in Australia when she was a child?
What time did you use to ______ to bed when you were a student?
Did you use to _______ long hair?
Did you use to _______ much money on clothes, when you were young?
Ex.19.Say what you used to do but now you don’t. Use but now…, but not any more, but not any longer to make a contrast between the past and the present.Two sentences are given to you as an example.
Model:
I used to like eating hamburgers, but I can’t stand them now.
I used to dislike Colin but I often see him now, and we are good friends.
You may use the following prompts: watch the BBC news, be very punctual, study at school, go skating every winter, have a dog, play the piano, drink coffee, spend a lot of money on clothes.
Ex.20. Complete these sentences with used to or would.
Notice that would is not used with state verbs (be, have, dislike, etc.)
I ______ live in a small house in the country when I was a little girl. I ______ get up every day at 7.30 because I lived not far from school. My grandmother ______ get our breakfast ready because my parents ______ start their work very early. Then my father ______ drive me to school. The lessons ______ start at 9.00. We stayed at school till 4 p.m. because I ______ participate in a lot of after-school activities. In the afternoon I ______ walk home alone because father didn’t pick me up. He ______ work late in the office. My parents ______ work a lot but now they are pensioners and spend a lot of time with their grandchildren.
Ex.21. Translate into English using used to or would to express repeated actions or states in the past.
Я раніше користувалась комп’ютерним центром. Зараз я маю свій ноутбук.
Ви поїдете на роботу на машині? – Навіть не знаю. Раніше я їздила на машині, а зараз вона часто ламається.
Раніше ми були добрими друзями, але зараз ми бачимось дуже рідко.
Вона раніше дуже рідко носила окуляри, бо вважала, що вони їй не пасують.
Мої сусіди раніше жили в маленькому містечку.
Ми , бувало, зустрічали свято з нашою великою сім’єю. Зараз багато з нас живуть в різних містах.
Коли мені було 14 років, ми жили у Львові. Зараз ми живемо в Полтаві.
Я прибирав свою квартиру сам, коли жив один. Зараз це робить моя дружина.
Ex.22. Correct the mistakes if there are any.
I lay the papers on your table.
In 1994, Christian Rucker aged 24, got out of magazines and started her own business – she found The White Company.
Ron worryed that he might lose his job.
How much they paid you last month?
He used to lay awake worrying about work.
For some reason, they canceled their tour to New Zealand.
Did you used to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child?
She hanged a picture on the wall.
Do you feel that he chose the wrong career?
She lied on the sofa because of a severe migraine headache.
As the summer was very dry, the apples felt down from the trees.
There was a party on Friday at your house, wasn’t it?
Ex.23. Translate into English.
Мій брат вивчав менеджмент в університеті.
Я раніше часто грав у теніс, а тепер я не маю часу.
Коли ти переїхав до Києва? – Близько п’яти років тому.
Прибутки компанії різко впали в 2012 році.
Директор провів нараду з керівниками відділів, а потім поїхав у відрядження до Вени.
Нам не сподобалась п’єса, тому ми пішли раніше.
Ми часто, бувало, писали листи один одному, зараз же, в основному, надсилаємо текстові та електронні повідомлення.
Секретарка поклала листа на стіл та вийшла з кабінету.
Де ти був учораввечері? Я дзвонив тобі десять разів.
Я не працював у четвер, у мене був вихідний.
Рік тому назад ціни на цю продукцію виросли вдвічі.
Ви добре провели вихідний у Львові? – Так, ми оглянули майже всі визначні місця цього чудового міста.
Самий старий ресторан в світі відкрився в Китаї в 1153 році.
Вчора по телебаченню була дуже цікава передача про економічну ситуацію в світі. Ти дивився її?
Уряд підвищив податки минулого року.