жд 1 курс english

1.There to be a train at 6.15 and one at 10.30 but nothing in between. (Present)

2.In 1830, there to be only 64 km of railroad track laid in America. (Past)

3.In the London Metro, there to be 11 underground lines; each of them has its own color. (Present)

4.On each car of the first Metro trains, there to be an attendant to operate the doors. (Past)

5.There to be no trains today because the railroad workers are on strike.

(Future)

6.Among the tunnels of the BAM, there to be two of particular note: a 15-km Muisky tunnel and a 7-km Baikal tunnel. (Present)

7.There to be one case of derailment of a freight train on a section of line at Bexley, Britain. (Past)

8.Nowadays, there to be underground railways in 80 cities all over the world.

(Present)

9.By 2030, there to be a total of 1,528 km of high-speed railway lines capable of handling passenger trains traveling at 350 km/h. (Future)

10.There to be considerable public disquiet (беспокойство) about the safety of the new high speed trains. (Past)

11.In the US, there to be a special discount for those passengers who buy return tickets. (Present)

12.On the first railways, there to be no conductors and an engine-driver collected the passengers‟ fare (оплата за проезд) himself. (Past)

Ex. 4. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the nouns in the Possessive Case.

1.The Cherepanovs, who were Demidov’s serfs (крепостные), built Russia’s first steam locomotive.

2.The length of the London Underground’s first line was almost four miles.

3.One of Europe’s first railway tunnels (130m long) was built on the Sverdlovsk railway.

4.Much of the world’s freight is transported by train; and in the US, the rail system is used more for transporting freight than passengers.

5.On a large diagram in a dispatcher’s room, small lights display the location of each train.

6.Several Ann’s friends came to the terminal to see her off.

7.In the 19th century, the railroad had an important influence (влияние) on every country’s economic and social development.

8.About 70 of the train’s 500 passengers were injured in the crash.

9.Last year was very good for Paris’ public transport: ridership (= the number of passengers) increased for the first time in three years.

10.Singapore’s 20km fully-automatic underground North East Line was opened for passenger service on June 20, 2003.

Ex. 5. Give 4 forms of the following regular verbs. Mind the reading of the -ed ending.

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• to allow	• to construct	• to employ	• to install		• to provide
• to attend	• to contain	• to enter	• to limit		• to record
• to broaden	• to cover	• to equip	• to link		• to start
• to carry	• to decrease	• to establish	• to move		• to stop
• to complete	• to develop	• to finish	• to offer		• to support
• to comprise	• to devote	• to graduate	• to operate		• to train
• to connect	• to discuss	• to include	• to own		• to vary
• to control	• to divide	• to increase	• to participate		• to use
Ex. 6. Learn 3 forms of the following irregular verbs.
• to be	• to do	• to grow	• to lose	•	to see
• to become	• to draw	• to have	• to make	•	to sell
• to begin	• to drive	• to hear	• to mean	•	to send
• to break	• to find	• to know	• to meet	•	to speak
• to build	• to get	• to lay	• to pay	•	to spend
• to buy	• to give	• to learn	• to run	•	to take
• to come	• to go	• to leave	• to say	•	to think

Ex. 7. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the verb tense form. Put general questions and give short answers.

1.Passenger trains never stop at this station.

2.The company plans to renew its fleet (парк) of vehicles.

3.The first steam locomotive moved at a speed of 12 km/h.

4.During peak hours, the trains in the Moscow Metro run with intervals of about 80 seconds.

5.This train will proceed to its destination without any stops.

6.A mail train is a train that carries letters and packages.

7.The first U.S. railroad, the Baltimore-Ohio, began operation in 1827.

8.Four million passengers travel the Helsinki-Tallinn route annually.

9.Our train will leave from platform No 2 in five minutes.

10.The train ride from Moscow to Vladivostok takes about seven days.

11.Most of us use public transport to get to work.

12.France‟s high speed train TGV set a new world speed record of 320 m/h in 1990.

Ex. 8. Express the idea in Present, Past and Future Simple.

1.Passengers to cross the railway lines by the bridge.

2.The students to repeat the new words before the lesson.

3.The fast train for London to depart from platform No 2.

4.Railway lines to connect all parts of this country.

5.This mechanism to activate the emergency brake.

6.In the Samara Metro, trains to run every 8 minutes.

7.The trains to be late because of track repair (ремонт) works.

8.He to have enough time to do this work.

9.The railways to play an important role in the transportation of freight.

10.The new bridge to reduce traveling time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes.

Ex. 9. Put special questions to the following sentences. Begin with the question-words given in brackets.

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1.In Great Britain, first-class tickets cost 50% more than second-class tickets.

(Where)

2.The first refrigerator cars in Japan entered service in 1908 for fish transport.

(When)

3.At the next railway station, the train will stop for 20 minutes. (How long)

4.The repair of railway track usually takes place in summer. (When)

5.Commuter trains leave from Victoria Station every hour. (How often)

6.I got off the train at Central Station. (Where)

7.One Metro train takes up to 1,500 passengers. (How many)

8.Typically, high-speed trains travel at top service speeds of between 250 km/h and 300 km/h. (What speed)

9.The factory will employ over 2000 people. (How many)

10.In 1913, the railway network of Russia consisted of 25 state lines and 13 private lines. (When)

Ex. 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the required form of the Active Voice.

1.The train (to leave – Present Simple) in half an hour and you aren‟t ready yet.

2.The first steam locomotives (to be – Past Simple) not strong and they often (to break – Past Simple) down.

3.The train (to cover – Future Simple) the distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 3 hours if it (to move – Present Simple) at a speed of 250 kmh.

4.After the war, the government (to grant – Past Simple) great sums of money to renew the equipment and the roadbed (земляное полотно) of all the railways.

5.Many railway lines in England (to radiate – Present Simple) from London.

6.The Flying Scotsman (to be – Present Simple) an express passenger train that (to run – Present Simple) between London and Edinburgh.

7.The Japanese Railways (to begin – Past Simple) testing the new high-speed train for the famous Tokaido Line.

8.Russian Railways (to be – Present Simple) one of the world‟s biggest railway companies. It (to employ – Present Simple) 1.2 million people and (to handle – Present Simple) 80% of all passenger transportation and 82% of all freight in Russia.

9.In 1808, Richard Trevithick (to build – Past Simple) a circular railway in

London‟s Torrington Square. Steam carriage "Catch Me Who Can" (to weigh

– Past Simple) 10 tons and (to move – Past Simple) at a speed of 15 mph.

10.If he (to leave – Present Simple) for London by train, he (to get – Future Simple) there on Friday.

Ex. 11. Read the text, using the verbs in brackets in the required tense form of the Active Voice. Put five special questions to the text.

T r a i n M o d e l

One of Moscow designers1 (to make – Present Simple) micro models of different vehicles. This (to be – Present Simple) his hobby. His first model (to be – Past Simple) a plane. Its weight (to be – Past Simple) 0.35 gr. It (to work – Past Simple) and (to make – Past Simple) several circuits in the air.

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In the last 10 years, he (to construct – Past Simple) eight unique working micro models. He (to make – Past Simple) them of wood with the help of a knife.

His collection (to include – Present Simple) a little locomotive and a car – 13 cm and 18 cm long respectively. The locomotive (to consist – Present Simple) of 2,566 separate parts and the car – of 1,035. It (to take – Past Simple) him four months to study the locomotive design and fifteen months to build this model.

The locomotive and the car (to work – Present Simple) like full-size models. There (to be – Present Simple) even a whistle2 1 mm long. You can control the whole operation from the locomotive.

Notes: 1designer – конструктор;

2whistle – гудок.

Ex. 12. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the tense/voice form of the verbs. Put general questions and give short answers.

1.About 75 % of the railroads in Latin America are concentrated in Argentina, southern and eastern Brazil, and Mexico.

2.The first Russian steam locomotive was built and tested in Nizhni Tagil.

3.The new railway will be 100 km long. It will be used for freight traffic only.

4.The first passenger cars were lighted by candles. Later, candles were replaced by oil and gas lamps. Nowadays electricity is used for lighting and heating passenger carriages.

5.When inactive, locomotives are housed in a train depot.

6.Heathrow (Britain‟s largest international airport) is linked with the capital by the Underground railway.

7.After the test runs, the new loco will be used for hauling heavy iron-ore trains.

8.On the first railways, sleepers (шпалы) were laid down along the track; nowadays sleepers are laid down transversely.

9.Freight trains are loaded and unloaded in freight yards by using cranes.

10.The 1927 electric locomotive was newly restored in 1984.

Ex. 13. Put special questions. Begin with the question-words in brackets.

1.The first steel rails were made and laid in Derby in 1857. (When)

2.Tomorrow, the movement of trains on that section of the line will be stopped because of the track repair. (Why)

3.The number of passengers is usually increased in summertime. (When)

4.The first underground system was proposed by Charles Pearson in 1843. (Whom)

5.The old railway terminal will be upgraded next year. (When)

6.The Trans-Siberian Railway is divided into six railways in the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East. (How many)

7.The system of automatic ticket selling was developed in Japan. (Where)

8.This car will be coupled (прицеплять) to train No 15 going to the Far East.

(What train)

9.The old London Bridge over the Thames River was constructed by monks

(монахи) in 1209. (Whom)

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10.In Canada and the United States, long freight trains are hauled by three, four, or even five locomotives. (How many)

Ex. 14. Put the verbs into the required tense/voice form. Translate the sentences.

1.The switch (стрелочный перевод) (to be – Present Simple Active) the mechanism, which (to use – Present Simple Passive) to move the trains from one track to another.

2.When the Liverpool-Manchester Railway (to build – Past Simple Passive), the railway company (to offer – Past Simple Active) a prize of £500 for the best steam train. The prize (to win – Past Simple Passive) by George

Stephenson with his famous locomotive called the “Rocket”.

3.The distance between Boston and New York (to be – Present Simple Active) 230 miles; it (to take – Present Simple Active) the train 3 hours 15 minutes to cover it.

4.The two-speed escalators (to install – Future Simple Passive) at the new Metro stations.

5.The first railways (to appear – Past Simple Active) in England and (to use

– Past Simple Passive) to carry coal.

6.Most railway stations in Great Britain (to date – Present Simple Active) from the Victorian era and (to locate – Present Simple Passive) on the edge of city centers.

7.Track (to strengthen – Future Simple Passive) on this section of the railway because it (to plan – Present Simple Passive) to increase the volume of freight traffic here.

8.The railway line between two large Japanese cities Yamagata and Akita (to open – Past Simple Passive) for traffic in March 1997. It (to become – Past Simple Active) so popular that passenger services between these cities (to increase – Past Simple Active) by more than 50 percent.

9.Modern steam locomotives (to operate – Present Simple Passive) only in countries where coal (to be – Present Simple Active) much cheaper than oil such as in China.

10.Tomas Bouch (to design and to construct – Past Simple Active) the railway bridge on the Tay River in 1878. This bridge (to speak – Past Simple Passive) about as one of the wonders of the world.

Ex. 15. Say the same, using the Passive Voice.

Model: The designers will test the new locomotive tomorrow.

The new locomotive will be tested by the designers tomorrow.

1.The London Underground transports around a billion passengers a year.

2.The Cherepanovs constructed the first steam locomotive in Russia.

3.The conductor will check the tickets during the journey.

4.A dispatcher controls the movement of trains over a definite section of track.

5.Last year, Taiwan Railways bought 225 trailers and 56 motor cars.

6.The engineers will install the new equipment next week.

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7.The state spends large sums of money to train skilled engineers.

8.Heavy snowstorms disorganized the movement of trains in this region.

9.At present, diesel locomotives handle about 50 % of the transportation.

10.Rudolf Diesel got his first patent for developing the internal combustion

engine (двигатель внутреннего сгорания).

Ex. 16. Say the same, using the Active Voice.

Model: The heavy freight trains are hauled by two locomotives . Two locomotives haul the heavy freight trains .

1.Two Japanese islands are connected by the long railway bridge.

2.The first electric locomotive was developed by Werner von Siemens.

3.The trains of the future will be operated by automatic drivers.

4.Before 1947, the Britain‟s railways were owned by four private companies.

5.The Internet is often used by people to work at home.

6.Wood was replaced by steel as a material for constructing passenger cars.

7.The articles about high speed trains are published in each issue of the journal.

8.The renewal of signaling equipment of all the railroads will be financed by the government.

9.The passengers were invited to get on the train. (the attendant)

10.This distance is covered by train in an hour.

Ex. 17. Find grammar mistakes and correct them. The number of mistakes is pointed out in brackets.

1.When our train will start? (1)

2.Electrical equipment will be export from the France. (2)

3.There is two types bus stops about Britain – compulsory stops and request stops. (3)

4.We were inform of the train delay. (1)

5.Where did he bought the train tickets? (1)

6.The length the Great Trans-Siberian Mainline are 8,000 km. (2)

7.Nowadays all the rail are make of steel. (2)

8.There are 3,000 Americans who likes to collect antique cars. (1)

9.Does the railways play an important role in the transportation of freight? (1)

10.How often are trains run in our Metro? (1)

11.Werner von Siemens was constructed first experimental electric locomotive. (2)

12.What the equipment do this plant produces? (3)

13.There are twelve bridges and viaducts at these railway line. (2)

14.The profession an engineer require special training. (2)

15.How much students will works as car attendants in this summer? (3)

U N I T T W O

T R A V E L I N G B Y T R A I N

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T e x t A

M I S T A K E N I D E N T I T Y

(after M. Twain)

Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the following words.

crowd, official, vacant, would, to whisper, conductor, to realize, politeness, grateful, couple, entirely, disposal, to touch, comfortable, to bow, above, below, to burn, whole, attitude, companion, recognize.

Ex. 2. Copy the following words and phrases and memorize their meanings.

1.to add – добавлять

2.to appear – появляться

3.to arrive in /at – прибывать в (город, страну) / на станцию (аэропорт) arrival – прибытие

4.to change – менять, изменять

to change trains – делать пересадку (с поезда на поезд)

5.compartment – купе

6.to depart – отправляться departure – отправление

7.entire (= whole, total) – весь, общий, целый

8.to fix – устанавливать; прикреплять

9.to get on (= to board, to take) the train – заходить (садиться) в поезд

10.to get off the train – выходить из поезда

11.to improve – улучшать, усовершенствовать

improvement – улучшение, усовершенствование

12.luggage rack – багажная полка

13.to notice – замечать

14.to serve – служить, обслуживать

service – обслуживание, услуга; перевозки, движение 15. to try – пытаться, пробовать

Ex. 3. Read the sentences and translate them.

1.The passengers were invited to get on the train and take their seats.

2.Where can I change my traveler‟s cheques into dollars?

3.The dining car was crowded but we were served rather fast.

4.If you buy train tickets in advance (заранее), 1% will be added to the price.

5.The railway is developing a major change program to improve the quality of passenger services.

6.Foreign tourists are provided by AMTRAK (“American Track” – the major passenger railroad company) with the railway tickets for 14, 21 and 60 days, which allow them to go by any train in any compartment and to change trains in any place and at any time.

7.A luggage rack is a metal frame fixed to the roof of a car and used for carrying bags, cases and other large objects.

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8.Travel from Berlin to St. Petersburg by direct train. It departs from Berlin on Fridays and Sundays all year round at 15:15 and arrives in St. Petersburg (at the Vitebsky terminal) at 06:15 two nights later.

9.One of the first things a foreigner notices about the British railways is the platforms. They are almost on a level with the floor of the carriage. This makes it easier for passengers to get on and off the car with their luggage.

10.The first double-deck buses appeared in London in 1851. At that time, the upper deck had no roof and the passengers were given raincoats to put on if it started to rain.

11.The information about the platform number and times of the train‟s arrival and departure can be received in the enquiry office.

12.During the World War II, the underground stations served as air-raid shelters for thousands of Londoners.

13.When the engine driver saw the car on the track, he tried to brake but it was too late.

Ex. 4. Match the two parts of the sentences.

	1.	There are 5 minutes left …		a)	where I had boarded the train.
	2.	Various services are proposed for		b)	on the luggage racks at the end of
		passengers in high-class trains …			the coach.
	3.	As it was very stuffy (душно) in the		c)	to the roof of the house.
		compartment …
	4.	On the Eurostar train, passengers put		d)	in 2007 it added 2,000 employees.
		large bags …
	5.	The ticket inspector asked me …		e)	a change of train in Paris.
	6.	Train journeys from the UK into		f)	my traveling companion tried to
		Europe often involve …			open the window but it was locked.
	7.	The company had 650 employees; …		g)	they had grown to forty-two rail
					systems.
	8.	The workmen fixed the antenna …		h)	20 minutes late.
	9.	The train arrived at the station …		i)	before the train departure.
	10.	The first railways appeared in India		j)	such as interurban telephone calls,
		in 1853, and by the time of India‟s			branch press, first-aid kits, food
		independence in 1947, …			and security.
		Ex. 5. Guess the meaning of the italicized words, using their dictionary
definitions.
		aboard → on or onto a train; in a carriage
		berth →	a place for someone to sleep in a ship or on a train
		booking office → a place where you can buy train or bus tickets
		conductor	→ someone who checks passengers‟ tickets on the train
		crowd →	a large group of people
		fare → the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus, train, or plane
		porter →	someone whose job is to carry people‟s bags at railway stations,
			airports, etc.
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suitcase	→ a large case with a handle, used for carrying clothes and
	possessions when you travel
tip →	a small amount of additional money that you give to someone such
	as a waiter or a taxi driver

traveling companion → a person that travels with you

Ex. 6. Read the sentences, replacing the Russian words with their English equivalents.

1. Увеличение in train плата за проезд has aroused public indignation

(возмущение).

2.Проводник punched our tickets and showed us our seats.

3.In the US, if you take носильщик to carry your чемоданы в вагон, it is necessary to give him чаевые.

4.Eddy is a great попутчик – funny and sensible at the same time.

5.I don‟t go to football games because I don‟t like big толпа.

6.Children under 14 travel by train half-плата за проезд.

7.I asked in касса whether they could поменять my ticket.

8.The boy carried my bags up to my room and then stood waiting for чаевые.

9.Police Superintendent Tony Thompson said 144 passengers had bought tickets, but there could have been more or fewer в поезде.

10.In купе, passengers put their чемоданы into a special box under the lower

полка.

11.Плата за проезд on the London Underground depends on the distance you travel.

12.If you want to become a train проводник, you can complete the course in 23 weeks. This course включать both classroom instruction and on-the-job training.

13.In Britain, railway stations usually have билетные кассы, ticket machines, or both, although on some lines tickets are sold в поезде.

14.He and his bride зашли в поезд, and проводник announced: "All aboard!"

Ex. 7. Read the text, filling the gaps with a word from the list.

Every Friday, I drive to the station and to 1___ to London to meet my boyfriend. I 2___ the flat at 6 o‟clock. The 3___ is terrible at that time and the journey takes 20 minutes. I get on a train to Cambridge first and then 4___. I listen to the announcement (объявление) about which 5___ to go to and then I 6___ to find a seat. If I haven't bought the 7___ in advance I sometimes have to (приходится) stand 8___. In London, there are usually 9___ of tourists with large 10___ waiting for tickets

in front of the 11___. I squeeze (пробираться, протискиваться)

past them and join the queue at the 12___ and wait for a taxi. If I‟m at the back of the 13___, I feel impatient and nervous. I

a)all the way

b)booking office

c)catch the bus

d)change

e)change trains

f)crowds

g)fare

h)get on the train

i)leave

j)platform

k)queue

l)round trip

m)suitcases

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really hate 14___. My boyfriend always says: „Why don‟t you						n)	taxi rank
15___ ?‟ but that takes even longer. The taxi 16___ from the						o)	ticket
station is £4.50. Altogether, the				17___ costs me about £30.		p)	traffic
Should I 18___ my job and work in London or should I get a						q)	try
						r)	waiting
new boyfriend?
Ex. 8. Match the verbs in column A with their Russian equivalents in column B.
Consult the dictionary if necessary.
		A			B
	1.	to bother		a)	узнавать, признавать
	2.	to burn		b)	выворачивать наизнанку
	3.	to continue		c)	показывать, указывать
	4.	to disappear		d)	следовать
	5.	to interrupt		e)	поворачиваться, отворачиваться
	6.	to feel hurt		f)	угождать
	7.	to follow		g)	говорить шѐпотом, шептать
	8.	to hand		h)	исчезать
	9.	to please		i)	гореть
	10.	to point		j)	(при)касаться, дотрагиваться
	11.	to realize		k)	давать, вручать
	12.	to recognize		l)	прерывать
	13.	to touch		m) надоедать, беспокоить
	14.	to turn one‟s back		n)	продолжать
	15.	to turn inside out		o)	понимать, осознавать
	16.	to whisper		p)	обижаться

Ex. 9. Complete the sentences with the required verbs from Ex. 8. Four verbs should be used twice. Mind your grammar!

1.I ___ that you are very busy, but could I talk to you for a few minutes?

2.You don‟t have to ___, no one can hear us.

3.In English the letter Q is always ___ by a U.

4.The plane came down so low that its wings ___ the trees.

5.She watched the boat sail out to sea until it ___ over the horizon.

6.That security guy never ___ me. I always have to show him my ID.

7.The teacher ___ at Marcus and told him to come to the front of the class.

8.An average household candle will ___ for about six hours.

9.Alice ___ deeply ___ that he hadn‟t called back.

10.Sorry to ___ you, but could you help me one more time with the copier?

11.You should ___ the jeans ___ before you wash it.

12.The project‟s organizers hope the government will ___ funding it next year.

13.She‟s hard to ___. Everything has to be perfect.

14.We hadn‟t seen each other in thirty years, but I ___ her right away.

15.The compass arrow always ___ north.

16.Train service was ___ for about ten minutes.

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