жд 1 курс english

1.Statistically, it is ___ to travel by air than to drive a car.

2.Signaling systems on high-speed railways are ___

than signal devices on usual lines.

3.Indian Railway is one of ___ and ___ rail networks in the world that carries more than sixteen million passengers daily.

4.Diesel and electric locos are ___ and ___ than steam locos.

5.The engine trouble was ___ than we expected.

a)the deepest

b)the oldest

c)the biggest

d)the busiest

e)the tallest

f)the longest

g)the heaviest

6.The Konkan Railway in India crosses 2,134 bridges h) the earliest and viaducts. This rail line has ___ viaduct in Asia

(its height is 64m) and ___ railway tunnel in India (its length is 6.5km).

7.___ metro system in the world is built in St.Petersburg: some stations and tunnels lie 100-120 meters below the surface.

8.The Moscow-St. Petersburg railway is ___ and ___

mainline in our country.

9.Broken stone (щебѐнка) is ___ material for ballast.

10.The first locomotive called “Rocket” was much ___

and ___ than modern locomotives.

11.___ trains in the world carry such freight as iron ore and coal.

12.___ passenger cars, about 5 m long and 2 m wide, were practically stagecoaches with railroad wheels. Soon ___ cars with six wheels instead of four were introduced.

i)the most famous

j)the most suitable

k)smaller

l)lighter

m)safer

n)cleaner

o)larger

p)more efficient

q)more complex

r)more serious

Ex. 11. Read the sentences and translate them, paying attention to the modal verbs must, should, can, may.

1.Drivers of express and fast trains must have a rest after 3 hours of work.

2.The tickets should not be thrown away as conductors may check them during the trip.

3.What can you do while traveling by train? You can read a novel or do a crossword puzzle, you can stare out of the window or talk to your traveling companion, you just can sit back and listen to the clicking of the carriage over the rails.

4.This ticket may only be used by the person who has bought it.

5.In Metro, when the passengers get on the escalator, they should stand on the right so that people who hurry can run by on the left.

6.All trains must be regularly serviced, so that passengers can be sure that they are traveling in safety.

7.The inside body of the passenger car should be finished with materials that are easily washed.

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8.Passengers may pay the subway fare with tokens or they may buy a pass for a specific period of time.

9.Additional carriages can be coupled (прицеплять) to the train as needed.

10.Several locomotives must be used to draw such a long and heavy container train.

11.A common carrier (компания грузопассажирских перевозок) may remove a

passenger from its service for the refusal to pay a fare.

12.You should check all your electrical equipment regularly.

	Ex. 12. Match the two parts of the sentences.
1.	The Trans-Europe expresses are	a)	there is a footbridge at the end
	equipped with interurban telephones…		of the platform.
2.	A wagon must be cleaned before…	b)	may get train tickets 50%
3.	Train tickets can be booked now over		cheaper.
	the Internet or mobile phones…	c)	though this method carries an
4.	You should be at the airport…		additional surcharge.
5.	In Hungary, students and children	d)	on public transport.
	between the age of 6 and 14…	e)	oil and other liquid goods.
6.	Passengers should keep their tickets…	f)	a small train of loaded cars at a
7.	Tobacco cannot be advertised…		speed of 13 mph.
8.	Special cars must be used for	g)	an hour before departure.
	transporting…	h)	till the end of the trip.
9.	Passengers shouldn’t walk across the	i)	over which the traveler can
	railway lines…		contact office or home.
10.	Stephenson‟s first steam locomotive	j)	it will be used for another run.
	could draw…

Ex. 13. Complete the sentences with a modal verb.

1.Passengers ___ check their tickets after buying to be sure that it is the correct ticket.

2.In Hungary, children under 6 years and seniors over 65 years from EU countries ___ travel by rail without charge.

3.On this section of the line, the trains‟ speed ___ be limited to 40 mph.

4.___ you show me the nearest way to the station?

5.Baggage ___ not be left unattended in the terminal building.

6.Passengers ___ go by subway all day long for the same fare if they only change trains but don‟t go out of the station.

7.You ___ call the station to enquire about train times.

8.Trains ___ run according to the timetable.

9.As Finland has the same railway gauge (ширина колеи) as Russia, high-speed trains ___ cross the border without stopping.

10.Such long and heavy container trains ___ be powered by several locos.

Ex. 14. Read the sentences and translate them, paying attention to the equivalents of the modal verbs. If possible, replace the equivalents with the appropriate modal verbs.

to have to

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1.The attention of the railway authorities of all countries has to be focused on the development of high-speed passenger and freight service.

2.As the computer is still under guarantee, I will not have to pay for the repairs.

3.While building the railway in Siberia, the workers had to overcome

(преодолеть) many difficulties.

4.Passengers traveling from Moscow to Vladivostok have to move the hands of their watches several times because the Trans-Siberian Mainline crosses several time zones.

5.Dining cars first appeared in the late 1870s. Until this time, the trains had to stop for meals at restaurants along the way.

6.There‟s a direct train to Leeds. It may stop at other stations but you do not have to change trains.

7.As there were some defects in the train power supply system, the train had to be removed from service.

8.Switches are necessary where a train has to be moved from one track to another.

9.I will have to pay 50 rubles extra for my luggage because it is overweight.

10.In Japan, passengers have to go through a gate (пропускной пункт) to enter the platform area. Passengers have to show their tickets to a station clerk at the gate and they will also have to show their tickets at a ticket gate after they deboard a train and exit the platform area.

to be to

1.This section of the track is to be reconstructed.

2.We were to leave for England on Saturday, but because of the delay with our visas we had to book tickets for Monday.

3.All the materials used for the railway car refurbishment are to comply with

(соответствовать) fire safety standards.

4.In England, the speed of the first cars was not to exceed 4 mph.

5.Modern railways are to be completely automated to provide high-speed transportation.

6.At the Metro terminus (конечная станция), the driver is to move to the other end of the trainset.

to be able to

1.If the train comes in time, I will be able to watch the football match.

2.The first passenger trains didn‟t travel very far, but they were able to transport more passengers over longer distances than any horse-powered wagons.

3.At the large terminal, passengers are able to book hotel or transport, to buy tickets for sporting and cultural events, to telephone or send mail to anywhere in the world, to hold a business meeting, to obtain information of interest and so on.

4.The new British train will be able to develop a very high speed, as it is equipped with more powerful engines.

5.For more than a hundred years, railways were able to maintain their dominant position in the field of transportation.

to be allowed to

1. If the signal is red, the train isn’t allowed to continue its running.

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2.At this small station, passengers will not be allowed to get off the car because the train will stop for 2 minutes only.

3.You are allowed to carry 20kgs of baggage unless indicated otherwise on your ticket.

4.According to the customs (таможня) regulations, a passenger wasn’t allowed to carry more than ten packs of cigarettes.

5.In some companies, the staff is not allowed to use the Internet for personal purposes during business hours.

Ex. 15. Read the sentences, replacing the modal verbs with their equivalents.

1.Passengers must show their tickets when they go on the train.

2.You may take any of these instruments; I do not need them now.

3.The car, which you could see at the exhibition, will be used on international railway lines.

4.This railway line must be converted from diesel to electric traction next year.

5.Passengers may have up to three pieces of hand luggage.

6.Thanks to wide sliding doors in Metro cars, passengers can get on and off the train quickly.

7.As trains are becoming heavier and longer, more powerful locos must be used.

8.We could not repair the car ourselves and had to take it to the auto-service station.

9.On weekdays, cars may not enter the centre of the city.

10.If you buy train tickets in advance (заранее), you must pay some extra money.

11.Steam locomotives could not haul very heavy trains at a high speed.

12.Such freight as dry chemicals, grain, sugar or mineral fertilizers (удобрения) must be transported in covered hoppers.

Ex. 16. Read the sentences, replacing the Russian words with their English equivalents.

1.To get to New Orleans, we п р и д ѐ т с я change trains in Birmingham.

2.I hope they с м о г л и buy tickets for the last train.

3.German Rail п р и ш л о с ь stop passenger services on about 30 secondary lines in East Germany because of poor state of the infrastructure.

4.Any engineer м о ж е т give you information on this question.

5.Larry п р и х о д и т с я travel back and forth between London and Paris every week.

6.The train д о л ж е н reach its destination in an hour.

7.To get to Moscow from St.Petersburg, passengers м о г у т choose either the dayor night-time train.

8.I think that I с м о г у meet you at the station.

9.You п р и д ѐ т с я hurry up if you want to catch the train.

10. Mr. Crank н е с м о г participate in the conference because he д о л ж е н б ы л go on business to Moscow.

11.At last, the passengers р а з р е ш и л и get on the carriage.

12.To lay down the track in the permafrost zone, workers п р и ш л о с ь use new equipment.

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13.	We м о ж е м book train tickets by phone or over the Internet.
14.	People in large cities п р и х о д и т с я spend a lot of money for paying the
	fares in public transport.
15.	If I н е с м о г у get the tickets for the fast train, we п р и д ѐ т с я go by the
	stopper.
16.	The new passenger car д о л ж е н begin its service in several months.
	Ex. 17. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences.
1.	The conductor ___ check up tickets of all the passengers before the train
	departure.

	a) will be allowed		b) can to		c) is to d) have to
2.	It is a non-smoking carriage. You _____ smoke here.
	a) must not	b) should		c) will be able to		d) are allowed to
3.	You ___ change trains in Moscow because there is no direct train to Minsk.
	a) shouldn’t	b) could		c) will have to		d) is be able to
4.	Until the 19th century, people ___ travel freely between most countries without a
	passport.
	a) are allowed to		b) were to		c) should	d) were able to
5.	The train ___ arrive at 5 p.m. but it detained because of track repair work.
	a) should	b) had not to		c) was able to		d) was to
6.	The train ___ depart from the station, as the line was busy.
	a) couldn’t	b) isn't allowed to			c) wasn’t to d) weren't able to

7.They ___ leave yesterday because there were no tickets available for today‟s train.

	a) were able to	b) had to c) could	d) was allowed to
8.	Airline passengers ___ use mobile telephones during the flight.
	a) are able to	b) aren’t allowed to	c) were to d) shouldn't
9.	Passengers ___ keep their tickets till the end of the trip.
	a) had to b) should c) are able to		d) were to

10. Next year, the railway ___ increase the train fares because of inflation. a) should b) won’t be able to c) can d) will have to

11.The suitcase was so heavy that Robert ___ change it from hand to hand all the time.

a) were to	b) will be allowed to c) had to d) was able to
12. You ___ leave your luggage in the left-luggage office.
a) has to	b) are able to c) should to d) was allowed to

Ex. 18. Complete the sentences with an equivalent of the modal verb from the list.

A

1.You ___ change trains because there is no direct train to Boston.

2.Passengers ___ buy train tickets on the day of

a)had to

b)are allowed to

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departure or reserve them in advance.

c) is to

3.The London Underground ___ pump 30,000 cubic d) will have to meters of water out of its tunnels each day.

4.	To stop the car, the driver ___ use the hand brake.	e)	are to
5.	No British high-speed trains ___ run in service above	f)	were allowed to
	200 km/h.
6.	Locomotives and cars for the first Russian railway	g)	were to
	___ be ordered from abroad.	h)	are able to
7.	On this dangerous section of the line, the trains ___
	move at the speed of 60 kmh.
8.	As the train stopped for 30 minutes, the passengers
	___ get off.

B

1.You ___ transfer to another line at the next Metro station.

2.To keep a railway track in good condition, ballast

___ be regularly cleaned.

3.As a rule, passengers ___ enter a baggage car while a train is in motion.

4.Many railways ___ start dieselization (введение

тепловозной тяги) only after World War II.

5.To finish the journey on time, the driver ___ increase the train speed.

6.Tomorrow, I ___ get up early to catch the 6.00 train.

7.Several passengers missed (опаздывать) the train and

___ wait another for two hours.

8.He ___ repair the engine himself.

a)will have to

b)was able to

c)aren’t allowed to

d)is to

e)are able to

f)was to

g)were be able to

h)had to

W A T C H T H E F I L M A N D D I S C U S S I T

( A ) T R A V E L I N G B Y “ W H I T E N I G H T S ” S T E A M E X P R E S S

( R U S S I A N R A I L W A Y S )

Ex. 1. Watch the film and grasp its main idea.

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	Ex. 2. Choose the best alternative and translate the sentences into Russian.
1.	The group of tourists will be traveling through ___ of Russia by “White
	Nights” steam express.
	a) the middle	b) the west	c) the north
2.	The trip will take ___.
	a) two months	b) two weeks	c) two years
3.	Both a departure and arrival point is ___.
	a) St.Petersburg	b) Murmansk	c) Moscow

4.The tourists are making a tour through St.Petersburg while their ___ is being prepared for the trip.

a) diesel locomotive

b) steam locomotive

c) electric locomotive

5.St.Petersburg is called ___.

a)the Venice of the North

b)the Venus of the North

c)the Vehicle of the North

6.There are ___ canals in the city.

	a)	sixty-five	b) fifty-six	c) sixty-six
7.	The tourists are exploring the city ___.
	a) on foot		b) by bus	c) by boat
8.	The sun doesn‟t set ___ of June – these nights are called White Nights.
	a)	in the end	b) in the middle	c) in the center

9.The founder of St.Petersburg was ___.

a)King Peter the Great

b)Tsar Peter the Great

c)Prince Peter the Great

10.The Tsar‟s summer residence was ___.

	a) Peterhof	b) Pavelhof	c) Hofpeter
11.	There are many ___ in Peterhof.
	a) bridges	b) lakes	c) fountains
12.	Peter‟s favorite building in Peterhof was ___.
	a) Notre-Dame de Paris	b) Red Square	c) Mon Plaisir
13.	The first Russian railway was opened in the town of ___.
	a) Pavlovsk	b) Pushkin	c) Gogol

14.According to the film, in the Soviet Union trains were used primarily for industry and ___ transport.

a) military

b) freight

c) passenger

15.According to the authors of the film, information about Soviet railways was

___.

	a) available	b) secret	c) free
16.	With the development of diesel traction steam locos were stored as a ___.
	a) museum	b) strategic reserve	c) memory
17.	Many historic steam locomotives are maintained by railway ___.
	a) specialists	b) managers	c) enthusiasts
18.	The first destination on the journey is ___.
	a) Petropavlovsk	b) Petrozavodsk	c) Petrofactory
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19.	This is a capital of ___.
	a) Finland	b) Komi	c) Karelia
20.	This territory consists of vast forests and 60 thousand ___.
	a) lakes	b) snakes	c) snacks
21.	The largest lakes in Europe are Lake Ladoga and Lake ___.
	a) Baikal	b) Michigan	c) Onega
22.	For the first time the train ___ locomotives in Petrozavodsk.
	a) changed	b) switched	c) switched off
23.	Petrozavodsk is a ___ Russian city.
	a) large	b) small	c) medium-sized
24.	In Petrozavodsk, there is a ___ statue in the middle of the city square.
	a) Lenin	b) Peter the Great	c) Stalin
25.	In the amusement park the tourists saw ___.
	a) camels	b) horses	c) donkies
26.	There is a regular ___ connection between Petrozavodsk and Kizi Island.
	a) boat	b) ferry	c) helicopter
27.	Kizi Island is famous for its ___ architecture.
	a) stone	b) wooden	c) golden
28.	Of particular cultural importance on Kizi Island are ___.
	a) Muslim mosques	b) Russian churches	c) Buddhist temples

( B ) T R A V E L I N G T H R O U G H C H I N A

Ex. 1. Watch the film and grasp its main idea.

Ex. 2. Choose the best alternative and translate the sentences into Russian.

1.Tourists are travelling from ___.

a)Beijing to Hong Kong

b)Hong Kong to Beijing

c)Beijing to Singapore

2.Century-old traditions go ___ with modern developments.

	a) foot in foot	b) head in head	c) hand in hand
3.	The unique old Chinese culture continues to ___ every-day life.
	a) improve	b) dominate	c) save
4.	___ point of the journey is the Chinese capital Beijing.
	a) standing	b) starting	c) striking
5.	The biggest tourists‟ attraction of the country is ___ of China.
	a) the Great Wall	b) the Great Door	c) the Great Floor
6.	It was built to defend the country from attacks of ___.
	a) enemies	b) foreigners	c) animals
7.	The first brick was laid ___ years ago.
	a) two thousand	b) three thousand	c) two hundred
8.	The wall stretches ___ km.
	a) five hundred	b) five thousand	c) fifty-five thousand
9.	The construction took place under very difficult ___.
	a) circumstances	b) sentences	c) spaces
10. In the heart of Beijing lies the Square of ___.
	a) Heavenly Peace	b) Sky Peace	c) Heavenly Place
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11.	___ mausoleum is situated on this square.
	a) Stalin		b) Mao			c) Lenin
12.	From the square of ___ the tourists enter the Forbidden City.
	a) the Forbidden Town		b) the Forbidden City			c) the Foreign City
13.	It is the Chinese ___ where Chinese Emperors have ruled for 5 centuries.
	a) imperial palace		b) king palace			c) internal palace
14.	The Forbidden City is a beautiful example of the Chinese ___.
	a) music		b) art			c) architecture
15.	The most popular means of transport in Beijing is ___.
	a) motor car		b) bicycle			c) scooter
16.	The most modern and largest railway station in China is ___ in Beijing.
	a) West Station		b) South Station			c) East Station
17.	The tourists bought their train tickets ___.
	a) on Monday		b) in advance		c) on the day of departure
18.	Railway authorities didn‟t allow the tourists to use their ___ for taking photos.
	a) telephones	b) cameras		c) glasses

19.The journey goes ___ to the city of Zhengzhou [Чжэнчжоу], the capital of Henan province.

a) southbound

b) northbound

c) westbound

20.In socialist China the train doesn‟t have a first, second or third class; passengers book a ___ seat here.

	a) hard or soft	b) high or low	c) white or black
21.	The hard section is the cheapest and the most ___ section on the train.
	a) luxurious	b) popular	c) crowded
22.	The tourists have booked soft seats because their journey is ___.
	a) last	b) long	c) light
23.	It takes ___ hours to travel from Beijing to Zhengzhou.
	a) twenty	b) twelve	c) twenty-two
24.	On the platform passengers can buy ___.
	a) fish	b) pancakes	c) food
25.	Zhengzhou is one of the most important ___ in the Chinese railway network.
	a) connections	b) junctions	c) stations

26.When the train is leaving the station the hostess ___ people seeing off the train and people standing on the platform wave passengers leaving their city.

	a) salute(s)		b) good-buy(s)	c) hello(s)
27.	Every compartment has its own ___.
	a)	cook	b) porter	c) hostess
28.	In a soft seat compartment only a ___ number of passengers can be seated.
	a)	limited	b) lighted	c) listed

29.Many Chinese take their own food and beverages with them but the staff also

___ simple meals.

a) gives

b) serves

c) steals

30.The railway ___ maintain order on the train. But in a soft seat coach they don‟t have much work to do because there are not many passengers.

a) police

b) army

c) policy

Ex.3. Watch the film once more and tell in Russian what places the following statements refer to.

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This square was transformed into a battle field when in 1989 a peaceful students‟ and workers‟ demonstration was suppressed by the army.

The entry to this part of the city was forbidden for guests. Any person trying to enter this part of the city was executed. It was opened to the public in 1912.

Remarkable ritual is taking place in front of this building. A pianist is welcoming guests to this building. Very rich people are regular clients here.

It is the final destination of the journey. It is a city of skyscrapers. It is one of the major financial centers in the world. Last century the English used this territory as the base for opium trade. The Chinese didn‟t like it and declared an anti-opium war, but they lost this territory to Great Britain in this war. The Chinese leased this place to the British under duration of 99 years. This term ended in 1997; at present the territory is under Chinese rule. The ChineseBritish declaration guarantees that this place continues its capitalist development for at least 50 years.

( C ) T R A V E L I N G T H R O U G H A N D A L U S I A

( S P A I N )

Ex. 1. Before watching the film, make sure you understand the following words:

autonomous community – автономное сообщество

sherry – херес

the Moors – мавры [название в средневековой Западной Европе мусульманского населения Пиренейского полуострова и западной части Северной Африки - арабов и берберов, захвативших эти территории в ходе второй волны арабских завоеваний].

Ex.2. Watch the film and grasp its main idea.

Ex.3. Choose the best alternative and translate the sentences into Russian.

1.Andalusia is an autonomous community of ___.

	a) France	b) Spain	c) Italy
2.	Andalusia is famous for its flamenco, fiesta, sherry and ___.
	a) bullfights	b) dogfights	c) cockfights
3.	The journey starts in ___.
	a) Granada	b) Sevilla	c) Madrid
4.	Puerto de Atocha is the ___ in Madrid.
	a) railway terminal	b) airport	c) museum
5.	In the cool marble vestibule monitors overhead ___.
	a) point the way	b) tell the way	c) show the way
6.	The tourists take a ___ train to Sevilla.
	a) stopping	b) commuter	c) high-speed
7.	The section Madrid-Sevilla is very busy, it is ___ long.
	a) 570 km	b) 470 km	c) 740 km
8.	The super high train ___ this distance in 2 hours 45 minutes.
	a) covers	b) goes	c) comes
9.	What is the train‟s maximum speed?
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