Порядок слов английского утвердительного предложения

определение

какой?

обстоятельство когда?	подлежащее кто?	сказуемое что делал?	дополнение кого?	обстоятельство когда?
	(1)	(2)	(3)
	The manager	interviewed	applicants	yesterday.
Yesterday	the manager	interviewed	applicants.

Порядок слов в общем вопросительном предложении

вспомогательный глагол	подлежащее	смысловой глагол (сказуемое)	дополнение	обстоятельство
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Did	the manager	interview	applicants	yesterday

Порядок слов в специальном вопросительном предложении

вопросительное слово	вспомогательный глагол	подлежащее	смысловой глагол (сказуемое)	дополнение
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
When	did	the manager	interview	applicants

Вопрос к подлежащему

вопросительное слово	сказуемое	дополнение	обстоятельство
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Who	interviewed	applicants	yesterday

Вопрос к дополнению

вопросительное слово	вспомогательный глагол	подлежащее	сказуемое	обстоятельство
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Who	did	the manager	interview	yesterday

ACTIVE VOICE

Таблица времён в Active Voice

	Present	Past	Future
Simple	V1 do V-s (he, she, it) does	V2 (V-ed) did	shall V1 will
Continuous	am is V-ing are	was V-ing were	shall be V-ing will
Perfect	have V3 has (he, she, it)	had V3	shall have V3 will
Perfect Continuous	have been V-ing has	had been V-ing	shall have been V-ing will

Ex.47. Open the brackets, put the verb into correct form: Present, Past or Future Simple.

1. Sales manager often (visit) trade fairs.

2. In a competitive economy a company (depend) upon approval and support of the public.

3. These businessmen (run) a company that (sell) packaged goods to retail stores last year.

4. Provide a good advertising when you (decide) to flood the market.

5. The Russian government (support) foreign investors?

6. If you (not/sign) the contract, you (lose) your clients.

7. Profits (not/cover) all company’s expenses last year.

8. Mr. Allot (buy) a business last year and (make) it successful.

9. I think billboards (play) a good role in your future advertising.

10. Who (define) the time limits of the discussion?

11. They (make) good decision if they (not/sign) the contract.

12. We (meet) some difficulties when we opened our company.

Ex. 48. Open the brackets using Present, Past or Future Continuous.

1. Franchising offers new opportunities for women who (enter) the professional and management ranks.

2. Government (weak) in this area although its competitive force (increase) from year to year.

3. Many changes (take place) in this firm this week.

4. At the moment the firm (work out) a new trade mark.

5. The computer industry (establish) a new business in the form of franchised retail during last year.

6. In the conference on production it was noticed that the revenue of the enterprise (tend) to increase over the last 5 years.

7. During last year our company (focus) on the production of a new product.

8. At yesterday negotiations we (discuss) four-year contract.

9. The manager (examine) the consumers’ demands for goods and services tomorrow.

10. The sales manager (consult) you on Tuesday from 2 to 4 p.m.

11. The company (not/invest) in the training of its employees this year.

12. The real income of families (increase) in future according to the forecast.

Ex. 49. Open the brackets using Present, Past or Future Perfect.

1. International marketing as a set of skills (attract) recently great attention.

2. Technological innovations (alter) the traditional depiction of countries in both size and shape.

3. One of the recent oddities in the American economy (become) the growth of unemployment and employment at the same time.

4. The auditor firm (operate) in the market of Saint-Petersburg for many years.

5. The company (decide) to gain market share rather than make profit.

6. We (budget) for the increasing salary by 10%.

7. Deregulation in airline industry (bring) many carriers to the crisis.

8. The instant oatmeal “Bystrov” (win) the market due to a good relation between the price and the quality of this product.

9. At the beginning of next year we (sell) our goods for 2 m. rubles.

10. The outside consultant (analyze) the work of the firm by the end of the week.

11. By 3 p.m. the company’s leadership (finish) the negotiations with its suppliers.

12. By the 1-st of September we (enlarge) the variety of goods.

Ex. 50. Open the brackets using Perfect Continuous Tenses.

1. We (try) to sell our goods for two weeks.

2. The programmer (work) on computer for 30 minutes.

3. He (repair) the car during the whole week before he decided to ask me to help him. 4. I (wait) for her since 10 o’clock until she agrees to join us.

5. Tom (look) for a job for six months when he found one.

6. He (collect) books on marketing since 1970.

7. Flight 342 was delayed because a VIP-passenger (get) through the customs control for too long.

8. By the time you return, I (write) my report for the conference for three hours.

9. An applicant (wait) for the interview since morning.

10. The expert (consult) the management of our company for 15 years.

Ex. 51. Open the brackets, put the verb into the correct form of the active voice.

1. Great changes (take place) in the company last year.

2. As a rule the client (return) money to the bank with interest.

3. The economic situation (change) lately the entire concept of marketing.

4. An applicant (wait) for the interview since morning.

5. Usually he (get) goods at the end of the month.

6. If the administration (want) to stimulate the economic activity, it (have) to lower tax rates.

7. Successful modern marketing (end) with the consumer satisfaction.

8. The expert (consult) the management of our firm since it was founded.

9. These businessmen (run) the company that sold packaged goods to retail stores and various institutions.

10. The consultant (comment) on the plan at the meeting tomorrow.

11. When we came, our top manager (make) a report on the increasing both fraud and petty crime for businessmen.

12. Most marketing experts agree that a lot of unfulfilled orders of a new product means that the company (underprice) its product.

13. I am sure the launch of our product (be) successful.

14. The accountant (work) for the firm for 5 years.

15. The courts (influence) already business and commerce in our country by the beginning of the next century.

PASSIVE VOICE

Таблица времён в Passive Voice

	Present	Past	Future
Simple (Indefinite)	am is V3 are	was V3 were	will be V3
Continuous (Progressive)	am being is being V3 are being	was being V3 were being	---------------------
Perfect	have been V3 has been	had been V3	will have been V3

Ex.52. Open the brackets. Put the verb into the correct form of Passive Voice: Present, Past or Future Simple.

1. This project (approve) by the engineer yesterday.

2. Monetary policy (concern) with regulating the supplies of money.

3. This financial scheme (use) for many project in future.

4. The goods delivery (report) by the sellers last week.

5. We are interested if new developments (inform) about at next meeting.

6. One should know what goods and services (produce) in the country.

7. This question (agree) upon after a prolonged discussion.

8. Special measures (take) to avoid workers being late last month.

9. Some people (involve) deeply with their hobbies often devoting more time to them than to their regular job.

10. The idea (drop) because tests showed it wasn’t valid.

11. The product promotion (influence) by product quality and reasonable price.

12. Our future attention (focus) on comparative methods applied by different sciences.

13. Ventures of this type often (buy) and (absorb) by larger companies.

14. The size of our payment (base) on the nature of your business in future.

15. The correctly chosen promotion strategy (follow) by substantial selling required by the producer and distributor.

Ex.53. Open the brackets. Put the verb into the correct form of Passive Voice: Continuous or Perfect Tenses.

1. We are informed that a new advertising manager (appoint).

2. It was found that the contract (not/sign).

3. The plant (modify) now for starting mass production of the new business.

4. The financial checking (finish) by the end of the working day.

5. The new computer programme (use) by our company next year.

6. One technique that (use) more and more is the team.

7. The marketing course (take) by our managers for about several decades last year.

8. After the work (finish), the experienced workers were praised.

9. The opening of a new supermarket (discuss) by the Board of Directors at the moment.

10. This (reflect) in peoples purchasing patterns and how they will have spent their money.

11. The study of this phenomenon (carry out) by our scientists for several years.

12. Computers (use) increasingly in the manufacture of medical equipment in this country.

13. The department (reorganize) by the end of the year.

14. Advertising (attack) increasingly for its distortions of the product quality in this country.

15. The industrial market for that kind of machines (develop) strictly on the principle of lowest cost compatible with good quality.

Ex. 54. Open the brackets. Put the verb into the correct form of Active or Passive Voice.

1. We (develop) the quality of toys since 1963.

2. Once the site for plant (determine) it has to be built or rebuilt for the equipment it will house.

3. The investors are very demanded when they (choоse) where to invest their capital.

4. Instead of a fixed rent, the landlord (receive) some percentage of sales or net profit.

5. The debt of the company (increase) for the last several years.

6. The majority of international business (conduct) by multinational enterprises.

7. Business engaged in franchising educational services (become) highly specialized.

8. Recent years large metal containers easily transferred from one type of carrier to another (develop).

9. Quantity discount (provide) commonly to customers who buy more than some minimum quantity of products from you.

10. The firm (overcome) the misallocation of resources for a long period but failed.

11. We (operate) our own business for several years and now have attained technical skills.

12. Once your application (receive), it is published in the Trade Mark journal.

13. The argument (arrive) at yesterday.

14. The members of the Board of Governors (appoint) by the president and (approve) by the Senate.

15. Marketing (change) over time and (undergo) various stages in its evolution.

SEQUENCE OF TENSES

При главном предложении в прошедшем времени употребляются следующие времена в придаточном предложении
Действие придаточного предложения происходит одновременно с действием главного	Past Indefinite Past Continuous
Действие придаточного предложения предшествует действию главного	Past Perfect Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous
Действие придаточного предложения совершается позже действия главного	Future-in-the Past

Ex.55. Open the brackets. Put the verb into the correct form.

1. The administrator said he (be ready) to solve the problem just now.

2. The director says he (be going) to come up with the meeting.

3. We were interested if our wages (increase) next year.

4. We were said the question (agree upon) after a prolong discussion.

5. The manager explains that the suppliers (deliver) goods by the end of the year.

6. They were asked how many years they (operate) their business.

7. It was found the contract (not/sign).

8. In the conference on production it was noticed that the revenue of the enterprise (increase) over the last 5 years.

9. The customer is interested where the department of sport goods (be situated).

10. They decided all these results (document) tomorrow.

11. I hope we (have) a stake in the new company.

12. It has been found the separate elements of the building (manufacture) at different factories.

13. We were interested when the training (provide) for the managers of our franchise business.

14. Our partners answered they (notify) of any changes in the agreement.

15. The consultant said we really (need) to enhance the work of our Research and Development Department.

TEST 11 (MODAL VERBS)

1. You will …... speak Spanish in another few months

a) can c) be able to

b) have d) ought

2. I'd like ....... skate.

a) to can c) to have to

b) to be able to d) could

3. Nobody answers the phone. They …... be out

a) should c) can

b) would d) must

4. I’m sorry, I ….. have phoned to tell you I was coming

a) should to c) had to

b) ought to d) could

5. To my mind, the government … take care of old people.

a) ought c) must

b) need to d) may

6. I …... get up early on Mondays.

a) am able c) must

b) have to d) may

7. The policeman told the woman she ..... worry

a) needn't c) couldn’t

b) needn't to d) mustn’t

8. .....you mind passing me the salt?

a) will c) could

b) should d) would

9. As you ..... remember, I was always interested in scientific experiments.

a) may c) must

b) have to d) ought to

10. Little children like books with large print. They ..... read them more easily.

a) should c) can

b) must d) have to

11. ..... I speak to Jane, please?

a) could c) must

b) shall d) ought

12. My dentist says I ..... eat so many sweets.

a) needn't c) ought not

b) mustn't d) shouldn't

13. - Why hasn't Mr. Grill got in touch with us?

- I don't quite know. It ..... be that he has lost our phone number.

a) may c) must

b) ought to d) should

14. - Liz seems to be avoiding you.

- I can't tell you for certain. She ..... have been hurt by my words about her boyfriend.

a) should c) might

b) must d) needn't

TEST 12 (ACTIVE VOICE)

1. He will tell me, if no one (come) to meet me at the station.

a) come

b) comes

c) will come

2. She is going to read the letter she just (receive).

a) received

b) has received

c) had received

3. When morning came, the storm already (stop) .

a) stopped

b) has stopped

c) had stopped

4. When we came to the station, the train had already arrived. The passengers (hurry) to occupy their seats in the carriages.

a) hurried

b) had been hurried

c) were hurried

5. He began to write his composition at 3 o’clock. It is already eleven and he still (write) .

a) is writing

b) write

c) has been writing

6. After we (walk) about two hours, we arrived at a picturesque glade covered with fresh grass.

a) walked

b) had been walking

c) was walking

7. Light (travel) more quickly than sound.

a) is traveling

b) travel

c) travels

8. On leaving the hall the students (thank) the professor who had delivered the lecture.

a) were thanking

b) thanked

c) had thanked

9. He came here five minutes ago, but you (be) out.

a) was

b) were

c) are

10. The concert was a great success than we (expect) .

a) expected

b) was expected

c) had expected

11. Janny returned home after seven years of absence. During these seven years he (study) in Cape Town.

a) had been studying

b) studed

c) was studying

12. We are working at a new project. By the end of the week we (finish) working.

a) will have finished

b) will finish

c) will be finishing

13. Ring me up as soon as you (come) home.

a) comes

b) will come

c) come

14. Have you read this book? – Yes. I (read) it last year.

a) read

b) was reading

c) have read

15. Janny was glad at the thought that he had done what they (hope) to do.

a) hoped

b) had hoped

c) was hoping

TEST 13 (PASSIVE VOICE)

1. The day before yesterday we (invite) to the restaurant by Tom Jenkins.

a) are invited

b) were invited

c) invite

2. Look! The bridge (repair).

a) is being repaired

b) is been repaired

c) has being repaired

3. The letter and the parcel (post) tomorrow.

a) will be post

b) will have been posted

c) will be posted

4. Margaret (know) to be a very industrious person.

a) has been known

b) is known

c) is been known

5. In Greece the Olympic Games (hold) once in four years.

a) were held

b) are being held

c) are held

6. The problem (study) for three years, but they haven't got any results.

a) has been studied

b) has being studied

c) was studied

7. This book (republish) by the end of September.

a) would been republished

b) will have been republished

c) will been republished

8. The doctor said that Tommy's leg (X-rayed) the following day.

a) will be X-rayed

b) would be X-rayed

c) will have been X-rayed

9. A police car came when the injured man (carry off) the road.

a) was being carried off

b) was been carrying off

c) has been carried off

10. I (bear) in a small Russian town not far from Samara.

a) was borne

b) am born

c) was born

11. Dad phoned us and asked if our luggage (already/pack).

a) was already being packed

b) had already been packed

c) was packed

12. What a pity, John won't come. He (tell) about the meeting beforehand.

a) should have been told

b) should be told

c) should been told

TEST 14 (ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE)

1. He (introduce) me to his friends at the party.

a) will introduce

b) will be introduced

c) will be introducing

2. We (ask) him about his holidays when we met him.

a) were asked

b) asked

c) ask

3. Invitations (send) to all the old pupils to be present at the schools thirtieth anniversary.

a) have been sent

b) sent

c) were sent

4. A large group of young people (join) us on the way to the station.

a) was joined

b) joined

c) were joined

5. They (offer) her some interesting work last week.

a) offered

b) were offered

c) were offering

6. Many business newspapers have special sections which (devote) to franchise advertisement.

a) are devoted

b) is devoted

c) is devoting

7. His marketing decisions (found) on that strategy.

a) will found

b) will be founded

c) will be founding

8. The economic situation (change) lately the entire concept of marketing.

a) changed

b) has changed

c) has been changed

9. The advertisement (make) for goods promotion.

a) make

b) is making

c) is made

10. The firm (assist) by foreign partners.

a) has been assisted

b) has assisted

c) have assisted

11. I (wait) for the delivery of the goods for two months.

a) have been waited

b) am waiting

c) have been waiting

12. The analysis (conduct) outside the companies by other parties.

a) has conducted

b) has been conducting

c) has been conducted

13. The training (provide) for the manager of our franchise business.

a) is providing

b) is being provided

c) is provided

TEST 15 (SEQUENCES OF TENSES)

1. I knew that Mercury (be) the closest planet to the sun, but I didn't feel like answering the question. a) was b) is

c) had been

2. Mike hoped that his friend (help) him with his car.

a) would help

b) will help

c) helped

3. We didn't know the score, but we were sure their team (lose) the game.

a) has lost

b) had lost

c) lost

4. Yesterday Tom heard that his aunt (be ill) for five days.

a) was ill

b) has been ill

c) had been ill

5. The children were afraid of making any noise – Mom (sleep).

a) was sleeping

b) slept

c) had been sleeping

6. He gave all his money to me because he (trust) me.

a) would trust

b) trusted

c) had trusted

7. We were told that Andrew (go) to enter that college.

a) is going

b) went

c) was going

8. The police found out that the suspected person (live) in London's suburbs at that time.

a) had been living

b) lives

c) lived

9. My parents decided that we (celebrate) my birthday on Saturday.

a) would celebrate

b) shall celebrate

c) celebrated

10. The pupil wasn't able to do the translation because he (not / know) some special terms.

a) hadn't known

b) didn't know

c) doesn't know

11. Ann hasn't been informed that the lecture (not / take place) On Friday.

a) hasn’t taken place

b) wouldn't take place

c) won't take place