Герундий

GERUND

Формы герундия

Voice Tense	Active	Passive
Indefinite	V- ing ex. writing	being V3 ex. being written
Perfect	having V3 ex. having written	having been V3 ex. having been written

Функции герундия. Способы перевода на русский язык.

Функции	Пример
Подлежащее	Preparing a balance sheet is relatively difficult process. Подготовка балансового отчёта является относительно трудным процессом.
Дополнение	I remember having seen him before. Я помню, что видел его раньше.
Обстоятельство	In solving problems it is necessary to distinguish between practice and theories. Решая задачи, необходимо отделять практику от теории.
Определение	He had all opportunities of becoming a good entrepreneur. У него были все возможности стать предпринимателем.

Remember: следующие глаголы и выражения требуют после себя герундий:
to avoid to burst out cannot help to deny to enjoy to excuse to finish to forgive to give up to go on to keep (on) to mind ( в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях) to postpone to put off to stop	to accuse off to agree to to approve to to be afraid of to congratulate on to depend on to feel like to give up the idea of to insist on to look forward to to object to to persist in to prevent from to succeed in to suspect of to thank for to think of

Ex.9. Translate into Russian, defining the functions of the gerund.

1. Discovering ideas is only a part of the process involved in starting a business.

2. We insisted on their being offered favorable terms of payment.

3. One of the major means of product identification is its packaging.

4. The manager is thinking of using unknown approaches.

5. These systems are alike in being very flexible.

6. Determining the types of goods and services for which there is a demand is the function of the marketing research.

7. In spite of not having enough money born entrepreneurs are able to make good progress.

8. He had not missed an opportunity of becoming a good entrepreneur.

9. Being an entrepreneur is undoubtedly stressful and demanding.

10. By hiring more part-time workers, a company will be able to avoid paying the fringe benefits that go to full-time workers.

11. Production of inventory meant building up a supply of goods in storage for later use or sale.

12. A piece-rate system is a method of paying employees based on the number of items they produced.

13. They were informed that trucks were the most adaptable method moving goods.

14. Obviously there will be a number of pros and cons connected with being a sole owner.

15. Entrepreneurs` starting their own business through franchising decreases the risk factor for women who are not experienced in business.

Ex.10. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary.

1. There is no use … trying to stop that.

2. I'm sorry if I hurt your vanity … saying so.

3. She only succeeded … opening a restaurant.

4. Lanny passed dancing people … seeing them.

5. They love … being dominated.

6. He wouldn’t drop his subject till he had brought you round to his way … thinking.

7. We reached the river … crossing the meadow.

8. … crossing the river at that time of the year was out of the question.

9. You must forgive me … calling at such an hour.

10. But I was afraid … intruding upon a sorrow I could not lighten.

11. I was thinking … bringing her to talk to you.

12. She has been used … having her own way.

13. He guessed that the Baron must be tired … sitting.

14. Somebody told me she'd taken … wearing a wig.

15. They say that you're very clever … finding out what did happen.

16. You see, if a man's getting off with a girl, people notice it usually because men aren't so good … hiding their tracks.

17. Perhaps somebody would have a better chance … doing well in life.

Ex.11 .Open the brackets, using the necessary form of the gerund.

1. The girls were busy (pack) when one of them suddenly remembered (live) the milk on the stove which was probably boiling over.

2. Little David couldn’t bear (recite) his lessons in the presence of his stepfather and Miss Murdstone. They frightened him so that he couldn’t help (make) mistakes though he tried hard to avoid (displease) them and (scold).

3. I landed in London on an autumn evening. My friends expected me home for the holidays, but had no idea of my (return) so soon. I had purposely not informed them of my (come), that I might have the pleasure of (take) them by surprise. And yet I had a feeling of disappointment in (receive) no welcome. I even felt like (cry).

4. The girl was proud of (choose) to represent the sportsmen of the school at the coming competition. She thanked her classmates for (choose) her and promised to do her best to win.