Неличные формы глагола

ПРИЧАСТИЕ

PARTICIPLES

Формы причастий

залог время	active	passive
Present	using использующий, используя	being used используемый
Perfect	having used использовав	having been used после того как использовали, будучи использованным
Past	- - - - -	used использованный

Употребление причастий I и II.

Способы перевода на русский язык

Причастия и их функции	Пример	Перевод
Причастие I 1. Определение	1. The house being built in our street is very beautiful.	Дом, который строится на нашей улице, очень краси­вый.
	Переводится придаточным определительным предложением;
	2. The woman speaking on the phone is our secretary.	Женщина, разговаривающая по телефону, наш секретарь.
	Переводится причастным оборотом
2. Обстоятельство	1. Having finished the translation the students left the room.	Выполнив перевод, студенты покинули аудиторию.
	Переводится деепричастным оборотом
	2. When translating the article you should consult the dictionary.	Выполняя перевод статьи, вам следует воспользоваться словарём.
	3. Not knowing the language, he could not understand the stranger.	Не зная языка, он не мог по­нять незнакомца.
3. Часть сказуемого (времена группы Continuous и Perfect Continuous)	1. He was walking along the street when a stranger came up to him. 2. We have been working on this project for two months.	Он шёл по улице, когда к нему подошёл незнакомец. Мы работали над этим проектом два месяца.
Причастие II 1. Определе­ние	1. You should visit this museum opened a week ago.	Вам следует посетить этот музей, открывшийся неделю назад.
2. Обстоятель­ство времени	1. When asked about it he didn't say a word.	Когда его спросили об этом, он ничего не сказал.
	Переводится придаточным обстоятельственным предложением
3. Часть сказуемого (времена группы Perfect и Пассивного залога)	1. I haven't been to my native town for several years. 2. My report was published in well-known magazine.	1. Я не был в своём родном городе несколько лет. 2. Мой доклад был опубликован в известном журнале.

Ex.1. Translate into Russian, analyzing the forms of the Participles.

A.

1. Having evaluated the information we were able to give its interpretation.

2. When analyzing the work of the firm it is necessary to take outside consultants.

3. Having given a description of the methods used in this type of analysis we have to mention some of the earlier results.

4. The report identifies the major changes taking place in the kinds of goods and services being produced in this country.

5. Having been looked through the report was approved by his colleagues.

6. We think that the plan being considered will be adopted.

7. While choosing the media one should consider the following factors.

8. Having been informed on the conference they submitted their abstracts.

9. He offered the best solution of the problem being discussed.

10. Having been given all the instructions the designer was able to start his work immediately.

B.

1. The amount of the initial investment required varied substantially according to the type of franchise business.

2. Russian business influenced by Western one showed a great potential.

3. The partners relied on by our firm honoured the contract.

4. You should fill in the form as stated above.

5. The company history described covered a lot of information.

6. When treated properly this information will be of great importance.

7. When given in a simple form the theory was understood by all trainees.

8. The instruments will be spoilt left in the open air.

9. The balance sheet required was taken by Chief Accountant.

10. When calculated figures the accountant reported on them to his boss.

Remember: английские глаголы принимают дополнение без предлога, а русские с предлогами: follow him – следовать (за)

influence him – влиять (на)

affect him – воздействовать (на)

Mr. X followed by Mr. was the Sales Manager.

Mr. X (какой?), за которым следовал Mr. X, был менеджером по продажам.

Ex.2. Translate into Russian.

1. The President influenced by his deputy arrived at the decision.

2. The description of the firm followed by some examples was presented in the report.

3. The negotiations followed by a visit to the plant led to the conclusion of the contract.

4. The diagram showed illustrated decreases followed by increases.

5. They have different standards of judgment influenced by strong prejudices.

6. The pricing strategies directly influenced by various government agencies can be used by different firms.

Ex.3. Change sentences using рarticipial constructions.

Example: All the people who live in this house are students.

All the people living in this house are students.

1. As he had lived in Khabarovsk for 10 years, he could show all places of interest in it.

2. While we were discharging the ship we found a few broken cases.

3. The article which is being written now is about economic situation in Russia.

4. The books which were taken from the library must be returned in time.

5. After the goods had been sorted, they were placed in a warehouse.

6. After they had finished the translation, the students were allowed to leave the room for a while.

7. After she had spent a week in the country Ann looked almost fully recovered.

8. As I had lent my dictionary to a friend, I had to go to the library to get one for myself.

9. After Peter arrived in the city, he immediately hurried to the local post-office to let his family know that he had arrived safely.

10. When she heard the terrible news, the old woman turned pale and stood still for a while unable to say a word.

11. "Will you write your name here, please," said the post-office clerk when he handed me the parcel.

Ex.4. Open the brackets, using Present Participle or Perfect Participle.

1. (live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St.Petersburg`s White nights in summer.

2. (talk) to her neighbour in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money.

3. (read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf.

4. (buy) some juice and cakes, we went home.

5. (sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.

6. (do) his homework, he was thinking hard.

7. (do), he went for a walk.

8. (sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends.

9. (sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends.

10. (eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea.

11. (drink) tea, she scalded her lips.

12. (run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee.

13. (look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs.

14. (write) out and (learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily.

Ex.5. Open the brackets, using the correct form of the Participle.

1. (to phone) the agency, he left (to say) he would be back in two hours.

2. (to write) in very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read.

3. (to write) his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics.

4. (to spend) twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home.

5. (to be) so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the family.

6. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a happy smile, never before (to give) such a wonderful present.

7. (not to wish) to discuss that difficult and painful problem, he changed the conversation.

8. (to translate) by a good specialist, the story preserved all the sparkling humor of the original.

9. (to approve) by the critics, the young author’s story was accepted by a thick magazine.

10. (to wait) for some time in the hall, he was invited into the drawing room.

11. (to wait) in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady.

12. They reached the oasis at last, (to walk) across the endless desert the whole day.

13. (to lie) down on the soft couch, the exhausted child feel asleep at once.

14. She went to work, (to live) the child with the nurse.