- •Verbals
- •Часть 2
- •Скуденкова е. Е., Киселёва с. В., Фёдорова н. Н., Лобанова с. П., Архипова е. В.
- •The gerund
- •The morphological categories of the Gerund: the forms of the Gerund
- •The Perfect Active Gerund
- •The Perfect Passive Gerund
- •The use of the gerund
- •Syntactical functions of the gerund the subject
- •The predicative
- •Part of a compound verbal predicate
- •The direct object
- •The prepositional object
- •The attribute
- •Compare:
- •The adverbial modifier of manner
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •The adverbial modifier of time
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •The adverbial modifier of reason
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •The adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances
- •The adverbial modifier of concession
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •The adverbial modifier of condition
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •The adverbial modifier of purpose
- •Suggested variants:
- •Suggested variants:
- •The same preposition – different adverbial modifiers
- •Preposition in
- •Preposition for
- •The gerund and the verbal noun
- •The ways of translating the Gerund into Russian
- •Different syntactical functions of the gerund
- •Different syntactical functions of the gerundial construction
- •Revision
- •Asking for trouble
- •Persistent
- •The Gerund as Adverbial Modifier of Different Types with the Same Preposition
- •Different Syntactical Functions of the Gerund Used with the Same Preposition
- •Syntactical functions of the Gerund
- •Literature
- •Contents
The adverbial modifier of manner
In this syntactical function the gerund is preceded by the prepositions by, in, without.
You’d have shown your concern better by sending for us before. (In what way? How?) – Ты бы лучше проявил свою обеспокоенность, если бы послал сначала за нами (послав за нами сначала).
Exercise 94. Point out the gerund or the gerundial phrase used as adverbial modifier of manner. Note the preposition preceding the adverbial modifier of manner. Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the ways of rendering the adverbial modifier of manner in Russian.
MODEL: The afternoon was spent in discussing the script. День ушел на обсуждение сценария. День провели, обсуждая сценарий.
1. You can spoil the cake by adding too much sugar. 2. He managed to make calculations without using a calculator. 3. A vacuum cleaner removes dirt and dust by sucking it up. 4. Can you revise the rules for the final exam without learning them by heart? 5. Mature students in Britain can get a grant by applying to the local government. 6. The teacher tried to awaken the children’s civic pride by telling them about the history of the country. 7. In doing the shopping and cooking she passed the day. 8. You will never solve your problems by trying to be in three places at once. 9. The day was spent in making calls. 10. She started to learn Spanish by listening to tapes. 11. The weekend was spent at home in watching video films. 12. Can’t you speak without raising your voice? 13. It’s impossible to unlock the drawer without using this key. 14. So many days were spent in lying on the beach and doing nothing. 15. By comparing the weather in different seasons they build up a picture of what is going on. 16. I stay in shape by exercising and not eating fattening foods. 17. Harry got the address of this college by looking it up in a college directory. 18. She spent the morning in writing letters to her friends.
Exercise 95. Paraphrase the sentences. Use a gerund or a gerundial phrase as adverbial modifier of manner. Choose the proper preposition.
MODEL: They packed their things in the morning. – The morning was spent in packing things.
He did a repair job from time to time and managed to save some money. – He managed to save some money by doing a repair job.
1. It will take them two days to put the refrigerators into containers. (Two days...) 2. Give your friend a call and you will make it up. 3. Read English books and you are sure to enrich your vocabulary. 4. Don’t interfere with their family matters and you may help them in this way. 5. He spent the whole day looking after the flowers in his garden. (His whole day...) 6. Wet the sponge and you can easily rub it off. 7. Read the text to yourself and you will get the main idea. 8. Face me, please. Otherwise you can’t understand a word. 9. Lucy spent hours daydreaming. (Hours...) 10. Ann watched television and improved her listening comprehension. 11. Get regular exercise and you can improve your physical condition.
Exercise 96. Work in pairs. Ask your partner how a child can provoke his parents to punish him. Your partner is supposed to use a gerund or a gerundial phrase as adverbial modifier of manner. Use the suggested variants.
MODEL:
How can a child provoke his parents to punish him?
I think, he can do it by making too much noise.