Suggested variants:

to say bad words; to idle; to meddle with his parents’ talk; to fall behind at school; not to tidy up the room; to steal the biscuits from the biscuit jar; to cry too often; to break the vase; to mistreat the cat; to get a poor mark; not to do his homework; to beat his little brother, etc.

Exercise 97. Imagine you are going: 1) to do a thorough turn out; 2) to decorate the flat; 3) to have a birthday party; 4)to spend your holiday at the seaside/abroad. Tell your groupmates how you are going to spend the day. Use a gerund or a gerundial phrase as adverbial modifier of manner.

MODEL 1: I am going to spend the morning in doing the washing.

Suggested variants:

1. to dust the furniture 3. to vacuum the rooms

2. to beat the carpets and rugs 4. to polish the floor, etc.

MODEL 2: I am going to spend the weekend in papering the walls.

Suggested variants:

1. to paper the walls in the kitchen/the living-room/the bedroom

2. to plaster and to whitewash the ceiling

3. to paint the walls in the bathroom

4. to paint the doors, etc.

MODEL 3: I am going to spend some time in doing the shopping.

Suggested variants:

1. to make a list of foodstuffs to buy 5. to do some shopping

2. to make salads 6. to make a birthday cake

3. to cook a chicken 7. to lay the table, etc.

4. to dress up

MODEL 4: I am going to spend the morning in sightseeing.

Suggested variants:

1. to walk on the beach 5. to lie in the sun

2. to have a drink in a bar 6. to read an interesting book

3. to draw water-colours 7. to visit one’s friends, etc.

4. to climb the mountain

Exercise 98. Speak about people’s manners you like or dislike. Use the preposition without.

MODEL: I like my friend’s manner of listening to me without saying a word. Or I like the way my friend listens to me without saying a word.

Suggested variants:

1. one’s manner of telling jokes (not to smile)

2. one’s manner of reciting poems (not to imitate famous actors)

3. the way one sings (not to be accompanied on the piano or guitar)

4. the way one imitates his friends (not to make a fool out of them)

5. the way one can pronounce tongue-twisters (ten times; not to stop)

6. one’s manner of talking (not to put on airs), etc.

Exercise 99. Say what one can’t do:

A. 1) without giving some previous thought;

2. without making a single mistake;

3. without using a single nail;

4. without standing on the stoolж

5. without stopping.

Suggested variants:

1. to guess a crossword puzzle; 4. to dust the top shelf;

2. to get an excellent mark; 5. to run two kilometers, etc.

3. to build a house;

B. 1) say what one can do: by using a PC

2. by moving the furniture

3. by opening a small window

4. by using a hairdryer

5. by saving enough money

Suggested variants:

1. to send an e-mail; 4. to dry one’s hair;

2. to change the room round; 5. to buy a country house, etc.

3. to air the room;

Exercise 100. Read the English sentences. Point out the gerundial construction used as adverbial modifier of manner. Choose the corresponding Russian sentence.

1. The problem can be solved by all the relatives lending them some money.

1. Проблему можно решить тем, что все родственники дадут им взаймы деньги.

2. Проблему можно решить с помощью всех родственников, если они дадут им взаймы деньги.

3. Все родственники, которые дают им взаймы деньги, могут решить проблему.

2. Не was rescued by his neighbour calling the police.

1. Его спасла полиция, которую вызвал сосед.

2. Его спас сосед, вызвавший полицию.

3. Его спасло то, что сосед вызвал полицию.

3. The project was improved by the designer using a new method.

1. Проект был усовершенствован тем, что дизайнер использовал новый метод.

2. Проект был усовершенствован, и дизайнером был использован новый метод.

3. Дизайнер усовершенствовал проект и использовал новый метод.

Exercise 101. Translate the sentences into English. Use a gerund or a gerundial phrase as adverbial modifier of manner.

1. Космический корабль создали, используя современные технологии. 2. Нам удалось получить нужную информацию, не входя в контакт с экспертами (to get into contact). 3. Остаток жизни он провел, играя в гольф и развлекаясь с друзьями. 4. Ты мог бы разговаривать с ним, не обзываясь (to call names). 5. Он не умеет жить, не тратя денег налево и направо (to spend money left and right). 6. Можно легко все запомнить, записывая лекции. 7. Невозможно тратить весь день на сборы. 8. Он всегда говорит, не повышая голоса (to raise one’s voice). 9. Попытайтесь решить задачу, используя эту формулу. 10. Они обычно проводят утро, обсуждая самые насущные проблемы. 11. Трудно достичь цели, полагаясь на других. 12. Ты можешь есть, не вытирая рот рукой (to wipe one’s mouth with the back of one’s hand)? 13. Весь день он провел, ремонтируя мебель.

Unit 10