Страдательный залог

(The Passive Voice)

Form: be + Participle II

Утвердительные предложения

(Affirmative Sentences)

	Present	Past	Future
Simple	am is written are	was written were	will be written
Progressive	am is being written are	was being written were	----------------
Perfect	have been done has	had been done	will have been written

	Present	Past	Future
Simple	The work is done every day.	The work was done yesterday.	The work will be done tomorrow.
Progressive	The work is being done right now.	The work was being done at 7 o’clock yesterday.	-----------
Perfect	The work has been done lately.	The work had been done by 7 o’clock yesterday.	The work will have been done by 7 o’clock tomorrow.

Отрицательные предложения

(Negative Sentences)

The book	is not (isn’t)	discussed	at the conference
	was not (wasn’t)	discussed
	will not (wont)	discussed
	is not (isn’t)	being discussed
	was not (wasn’t)	being discussed
	has not (hasn’t)	been discussed
	had not (hadn’t)	been discussed

Вопросительные предложения

(Interrogative Sentences)

В вопросительных предложениях первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

Was it done?

When was it done?

How has the work been done?

Who will the work be done by?

Таблица соотношения Активных и Пассивных форм английского глагола

(Active –Passive)

Временные формы	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Simple	Mary helps John.	John is helped by Mary.
Past Simple	Mary helped John.	John was helped by Mary.
Future Simple	Mary will help John.	John will be helped by Mary.
Present Progressive	Mary is helping John.	John is being helped by Mary.
Past Progressive	Mary was helping John.	John was being helped by Mary.
Present Perfect	Mary has helped John.	John has been helped by Mary.
Past Perfect	Mary had helped John.	John had been helped by Mary.
Future Perfect	Mary will have helped John.	John will have been helped by Mary.

*Обратите внимание на случаи использования в страдательном залоге глаголов с закрепленными предлогами:

They speak much about him. – He is much spoken about.

Упражнение 1. Ответьте на вопросы, используя сказуемое в Present Simple Passive и слова, которые даны в скобках.

Example: - Where are all these magazines sent ? (abroad) -They are sent abroad.

1. Where is English spoken? (all over the world)

2. When is radio news listened to in your family? (every night)

3. Where are meals cooked? (in the kitchen)

4. When are examination papers written? (at the end of each term)

5. When is television watched by children? (during the children’s hour)

6. Where is milk kept cool in summer? (in the fridge)

7. Where are books sold? (at the bookstalls)

8. When are examinations usually taken? (in January and in June)

Упражнение 2. Переделайте следующие предложения в Past Simple Passive.

1. He hurt his leg in an accident.

2. I left the dog in the garden.

3. They gave a party in his honour.

4. Somebody left the light on all night.

5. She washed the floor only this morning.

6. They sent letters of thanks to all their friends.

7. We ate up all the cakes yesterday.

8. People formerly used the Tower of London as a prison.

Упражнение 3. Переделайте следующие предложения в Future Simple Passive.

1. Ben will look after the dog well.

2. They will hold a dance in the club.

3. Ann will teach Richard to dance.

4. Kate will clean the rooms thoroughly after the lunch.

5. I will serve both tea and coffee.

6. People will enjoy this film all over the world.

7. Someone will meet the visitors at the station.

Упражнение 4. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

1. Marmalade is made from oranges. 2. This town was built a century ago. 3. They were invited to a birthday party. 4. The fax has just been sent. 5. America was discovered long ago. 6. The book is still being published. 7. My neighbour’s car was stolen last night. 8. His winter boots were made in Germany. 9. The building was ruined by the earthquake. 10. Italian is spoken in Italy and on Malta. 11. I am sure some way out will be found. 12. When he came home, dinner was being cooked.

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сказуемое в Passive Voice.

1. Why the cups (not put) into the cupboard? 2. He was taken to hospital this afternoon, and (operate on) tomorrow morning. 3. My niece is very excited this morning. She (take) to the zoo this afternoon. 4. Thousands of new houses (build) every year. 5. At the last competition the first prize (win) by our team. 5. The question (settle) as soon as they arrived. 6. The book (discuss) at the next conference 7. Yesterday he (tell) to prepare a speech. 8. The article (publish) last week, if I am not mistaken. 9. The lectures (attend) by all of us. 10. A taxi (call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment.

Упражнение 6. Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

1. I bought potatoes yesterday. 2. They are repairing the clock now. 3. They sell milk in the shop. 4. I have translated the whole text. 5. He will do the work in the workshop in the evening. 6. He wrote this book in the 19^th century. 7. They were playing tennis from four till five. 8. By six o’clock they had finished the work. 9. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 10. The students greeted the famous lecturer warmly. 11. They did not invite her to the party. 12. When I fell ill, my mother sent for the doctor. 13. They looked for the cat everywhere. 14. They didn’t listen to the boy. 15. She looks after the patients well. 16. They asked for our address. 17. My father looked through these papers this morning.

Упражнение 7 . Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

Example: We have sent for the doctor. – The doctor has been sent for.

1. The doctor will operate on him in a week. 2. They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 3. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention. 4. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject. 5. The young mothers looked after their babies with great care. 6. We often speak about her. 7. The teacher sent for pupil’s parents. 8. The neighbours asked for the telegram. 9. We rely on these data.

Упражнение 8. Переведите на английский язык, используя Passive Voice.

1. Письма посылают ежедневно.

2. Этого студента сейчас экзаменуют. Результаты будут известны завтра.

3. Все ваши работы будут возвращены через неделю.

4. Ее отправили в больницу два дня назад.

5. На наших занятиях много внимания уделяется произношению.

6. Контрольные были выполнены до прихода комиссии.

7. Когда я вошел в аудиторию, учитель объяснял новый материал.

8. Мою подругу каждый год посылают заграницу.

9. Наконец-то всех пригласили в большой зал.

ПРОВЕРЬ СЕБЯ

(TEST YOURSELF)

1. English is/are/be/was spoken in many countries.

2. The first television pictures was/were/are/be produced in 1926.

3. The plan is/was/be/will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.

4. We are so happy: our dog was/is/has been/is being found.

5. The “greenhouse effect” is studied/will be studied/has been studied/is being studied all over the world now.

6. When I phoned to the garage, my car was still being fixed/was fixed/ has been fixed/is fixed.

7. When the parents returned home, dinner has already been cooked/ was cooked/ had already been cooked/ will have been cooked by their children.

8. The computer is repaired/ will be repaired/ was repaired/will have been repaired by the end of the work day.

9. Do/are/is/was the hotel rooms cleaned every day?

10. Today post has been brought up, hasn’t it/ isn’t it/doesn’t it/hadn’t it?

11. A new machine is tested/was tested/will be tested/is being tested at the laboratory now.

12. We couldn’t use the telephone; it was repaired/ was being repaired/is being repaired/ had been repaired.

13. When we came to the cinema, all the tickets were sold/have been sold/ are sold/ had been sold.

14. Dictionaries is not/be not/are not/was not allowed at the exam.

15. Shall I call to the doctor? – Don’t worry, the doctor had/was/is/has already been sent for.

16. When we were driving down the road we were stopped/was stopped/had been stopped/ will be stopped by the police.

17. The book will be published/is published/ will have been published/ was published by the end of the year.

18. The work is finished/will have been finished/ will be finished/has been finished soon.

19. Where rice is grown/is rice grown/be rice grown/is grown rice?

20. This museum is visited for/with/ of/ by many tourists.

UNIT 5