6. Read and translate the text. Pricing

All products and all services have prices. The price depends on different thing such as credit terms, delivery, trade-in allowance, guarantees, quality and other forms of service, which price can produce the biggest profit during a long period of time. It’s hardly possible to determine such a price. The price may be too high to produce a large volume or too low to cover costs. No other area of marketing operations has been a subject to bad practice. Many businesses pursue unsound price policies for long periods of time and are not aware about it.

Prices can be determined in different ways. For example, the prices of meat, cotton and other agricultural prices can be decided in large central market where forces of supply and demand exist. This is pure price competition. The prices on industrial products (iron, steel, etc.) are usually decided by large companies. As a rule the amount and price of goods sold to large number of buyers is controlled by a few competing sellers. Prices also can be set by the government, usually for different public services-railroads, electricity, manufactured gas, bus services, etc.

If demand increases, prices rise, profits expand and new investment is attracted. But other factors may be involved as well. Prices are related to each other in different ways. Ultimately, everything is related in price, since the consumer can bu7y and must pay for everything out of a particular, limited amount of money.

7. Find the answers to the following questions in the text.

1. Why is it difficult to determine the right price?

2. Why is the seller interested in the price that produces the highest volume of sales at the lowest unit cost?

3. Why o many businesses follow unsound pricing policies?

4. Why does the government usually set the prices for public utility services?

Variant 2

1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms:

1. She likes her children (go) to the dentist every six months.

2. I have no intention of (go) to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) my favorite actress in such a dreadful part.

3. I suggest (telephone) the hospital before (ask) the police (look) for him.

4. By (neglect) (take) ordinary precautions he endangered the life of his crew.

5. After (hear) the conditions I decided (not enter) for the competition.

6. Some people seem (have) a passion for (write) to the newspapers.

7. He expects me (answer) by return but I have no intention of (reply) at all.

8. I tried (explain) to him but he refused (listen) and went on (grumble).

9. By (offer) enormous wages he is persuading men (leave) their present jobs and (work) for him.

10. He postponed (make) a decision till it was too late (do) anything.

11. Imagine (have) (get up) at five a.m. every day!

12. There is no point in (remain) in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) the people who have (stay) there.

13. The horse won’t be well enough (run) in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem (have recovered) from his long journey.

14. At first I enjoyed (listen) to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) the same story again and again.

15. It is usually easier (learn) a subject by (read) books than by (listen) to lectures.

2. Translate the sentences:

1. Without realizing it, he hindered us instead of helping us.

2. People used to make fire by rubbing two sticks together.

3. An instructor is coming to show us how to use the aqualung.

4. Try to forget it; it isn’t worth worrying about.

5. They accused him on lying.

6. He doesn’t like to ask questions.

7. How to prove it to him is a problem.

8. I remember leaving a message for Mr. Howard.

9. I’ve got a call to make. Is there a telephone here?

10. Smoking so much is bad for you.

11. There is nothing to speak about.