Unit 3 Filing Tools
Vocabulary Notes
file – напилок
needle file – надфіль, голчатий напилок
filing – обпилювання, обробка напилком
flat file hardened steel file
round file needle file treatment
square file filing operation
fitting – збірка, монтаж, пригін
fitting operation
size – розмір
file size
tool size
workpiece size
surface – поверхня
mating surface – зв’язана поверхня
convex surface – опукла поверхня
concave surface – увігнута поверхня
separate surface convex surface treatment
flat surface concave surface filing
mating surface size convex surface filing
treated flat surface treated concave surface
hole – отвір
treated hole
hole shape
square hole
bar – брусок
steel bar
bar filing
bar surface treatment
treated bar surface
tooth (мн. teeth) – зуб, зуби
file teeth
file teeth size
fine teeth
groove – канавка; паз
square groove
rectangular groove
triangular groove
groove size
cemented carbide tool – твердосплавний ріжучий інструмент
cemented carbide tool treatment
cemented carbide tool use
cemented carbide tool surface
Translate the text.
Filing Tools
Filing is the most widely used fitting operation. Filing is used for cutting metal by means of a tool known as a file. By means of a file it is possible to give a different shape and size to a workpiece.
The most widely used operations with a file are: filing separate surfaces, filing mating surfaces, filing holes.
A file is a hardened steel bar with a great number of fine cutting edges or teeth. These teeth can remove chips from a treated workpiece.
There are various kinds of files applied for finishing different workpieces.
Flat files are used for filing flat surfaces.
For filing convex and concave surfaces half-round files are used.
Square files are applied for filing square holes and rectangular grooves, triangular files are used for filing angles.
Round files are used for filing round holes of small diameters.
Flat needle files, three-square needle files and half-round needle files are used for manual filing of cemented carbide tools.
Unit 4 Threading Tools
Vocabulary Notes
thread – різьблення; нарізувати різьблення
thread cutting threading tool
thread cutting tool threaded workpiece
thread-cutting rate threading operation
tap – мітчик, нарізувати (внутрішню) різьблення
tap shank to tap steel
tap part tapped workpiece
tap thread tapped steel bar
nut tap – гайковий мітчик
nut tap shank
nut tap thread
tap wrench – комірчик
tap wrench wear
tap wrench design
tap wrench size
threading die – плашка для нарізання різьблення
threading die grooves
threading die operation
threading die cutting edges
alloy steel treading die
internal – внутрішній, (ant. external – зовнішній)
internal thread external thread
internal thread cutting external thread shape
screw – гвинт
screw thread
screw thread quality
screw cutting
screw surface
to provide – забезпечувати
to provide with a tap
to provide with a screw
to provide with grooves
straight – прямий
straight teeth
straight shank
straight groove
to clamp – закріплювати, затискати, (syn. to fix, to hold, to fasten)
to clamp the workpiece
to clamp the threading die
to clamp the tap
to clamp in a tap wrench
to clamp in a chuck
to clamp in a vice
chuck – патрон
chuck thread
chuck rigidity
chuck quality
set – набір, комплект
a set of taps
a set of tools
a set of screws
manual – ручний
manual work
manual tool
manual tapping
manual threading
brass – латунь
brass quality
brass wear resistance
brass part
copper – мідь
copper hardness
copper chips
copper wear resistance
either ... or – або ... або
Translate the text.
Threading Tools
There ere different types of thread-cutting tools depending on the operation to be performed. Thread-cutting tools are used for threading.
According to their construction threading tools are subdivided into taps, nut taps and threading dies.
The tap used for cutting internal threads in holes is made in the form of a screw provided with straight grooves forming the cutting edges of the tool. The tap made of steel cylindrical bar stock consists of the working part and the shank. The shank serves for clamping the tap either in a chuck or in a tap wrench. The working part of the tap serves for cutting internal threads and for removing metal from the hole.
Threads can be cut by means of taps either by hand or on a machine. A set of two or three taps is used with manual tapping. The first tap serves for cutting threads; then the second tap is used; the third tap is applied for final thread cutting.
With mechanical tapping in such materials as cast iron, bronze, brass, copper, aluminium, etc. one tap is used. When steel is tapped a set of two tools may be used. Before cutting threads the tap should be clamped in a tap wrench or in a chuck.
The threading die is used for cutting external threads. The threading die is usually made of an internally threaded flat steel stock with cutting grooves. Between the grooves there are cutting edges of the threading die. Threading is performed by means of the cutting edges of the threading die.
Translate into Ukrainian.
Threads are cut either by hand or on a machine.
Threads may be either internal or external.
The workpiece can be clamped either in a tap wrench or in a chuck.
For cutting threads the operator can use either taps or nut taps or threading dies.
The shank serves for clamping the tap either in a chuck or in a tap wrench.
With manual tapping we can use either two or three taps.
Additional Reading
Task I. Translate with the help of a dictionary.
Pipe and Bolt Threading Machine
The pipe and bolt threading machine can externally thread pipe up to 4 in.dia. It is powered by a 750-W motor which gives exceptionally quiet operation. Pipes up to any length can be threaded in one pass.
Capacities are 1/4 to 4 in. pipe BSPT and NPT; 3/8 to 1 in. bolt BSW and UNC. Dies for UNF and metric bolt threads, as well as for conduit threads are also available. Nipples can be threaded using a separate chuck and attachments.
Task II. Give a summary of the text.
Controls Thread Length
Self-feeding tap and die holders make possible automatic thread length control for manual and automatic lathes with reversible spindles. Thread length is adjustable in 010-in. increments and held consistent and accurate by a positive, automatic clutch. Separate tap and die holders are required for right-hand or left-hand threads on manual machines; but the model for automatic machines can be used for either thread. Flexible collets clamp taps to 9/16 in. maximum.
Task III. Translate the text using the dictionary.
Metal-Cutting Tools
Metal cutting differs from chipping. Cutting is used for separating some part from a piece of metal and to cut angles, grooves and pipes. Cutting is done by means of different cutting tools such as pliers, bench-shears, alligator shears, hack saws and pipe-cutters made of carbon steel.
Pliers or wire-cutters are used for cutting thin wire. Pliers consist of two cutting jaws and two handles. The wire is cut by pressing on the handles of the pliers. Bench shears are made of steel. Surfaces of shear blades are sharpened and ground.
Bench-shears have two handles one of which is at a right angle to the other and fixed on a bench. The material is cut by pressing on one of the handles.
A hack saw is used for cutting thick metal sheets, bars, round-shaped material, etc. The hack saw consists of a frame and a long toothed blade made of tool carbon steel. The teeth on the blade are hardened.
The thinner the material to be sawed the finer must be the pitch of the blade for sawing this material and vice versa.
Alligator shears is a heavy duty machine for cutting materials of large sections such as pipes, beams, auto frames and different types of industrial scrap. The alligator shears consist of a cast iron bed and a bedplate. The arm is mounted on the bedplate. The cutting blade is fixed in the arm. The workpiece to be cut is clamped in the machine vise.
Special pipe-cutters serve for cutting pipes. The pipe-cutters consist of the body, the handle and three steel cutting rollers. Two rollers may revolve and cut a pipe fixed in a special pipe fixture. The pipe-cutter is turned round the pipe to be cut, pressing the rollers against the pipe surface.