Grammar in use

	Comparative degree	Superlative degree
1 or 2 syllable words	-er	the - est
3 or more syllable words	more	the most

Exceptions: much/many, far, little, bad, good, old

There are some disyllabic adjectives which have variant forms with ER, EST or MORE, MOST, for example: quiet, simple, stable, noble, gentle, common, polite, pleasant, handsome.

Though both variants are considered correct, the following comparative and superlative forms seem to be more frequently used for these adjectives at present: quieter, quietest; simpler, simplest; gentler / more gentle, gentlest / most gentle; more stable, most stable; more noble, most noble; more common, most common; more polite, most polite; more pleasant, most pleasant; more handsome, most handsome.

Exercise 11. Put the Adjectives into the Comparative and Superlative Degree. Translate the word combinations.

1.common disease
2.rare disease
3.obscure disease
4.mild inflammation
5.severe disease
6.painful inflammation
7.significant discovery
8. noble scientist
9.strong muscle
10tight muscle
11.taut muscle
12. stable condition
13.deadly form

Exercise 12. Open the brackets and translate the sentences.

1. The Black Death, or The Black Plague, was one of (deadly) pandemics in human history.

2.The (deadly) form of smallpox, Variola major, has a mortality rate of 30–35%, while Variola minor causes (mild) form of disease called alastrim and kills ~1% of its victims. 

3. Herpes zoster can lead (serious) complications, including encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and permanent blindness, if the zoster rash occurs in the area of the eyes.

4. As resistance to blood flow through the general circulation is (great) than resistance through the lungs, the left side of the heart must contract more forcibly than the right, and has greater muscular bulk.

5. Each half consists of an upper chamber, called an atrium, and (larger) (low) chamber, called a ventricle.

6. The article briefly described (common) diseases of the eye and its associated structures.

7. What is (mild) form of skin cancer?

8. Areas where nerves come close to the skin are (painful) for getting a tattoo.

Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (срс)

І.Перекладіть та вивчіть наступні словосполучення:

1. м’язовий насос

2. бути заключним у мембранну оболонку

3. складатися з передсердь та шлуночків

4. велике коло кровообігу

5. скорочуватись безперервно та ритмічно

6. вивільняти вуглекислий газ

7. велике коло кровообігу

8. синусно-передсердний вузол

9. позбавлена кисню кров

10. передсердя та шлуночок

21. Дайте відповіді на наступні питання:

3. Where is the heart located?

4. What does each half of the heart consist of?

5. What do one-way valves at the exits from each chamber ensure?

6. What is the function of the right atrium?

7. What is the function of the left atrium?

22. Поясніть наступні терміни у 5-ти реченнях:

Серце

Передсердя

Шлуночок

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART

ФІЗІОЛОГІЯ СЕРЦЯ

TEXT: Physiology of the heart

GRAMMAR: The Perfect Tense Active

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 1. Learn the following new words:

beat (beat, beaten)	['bi:t]	битися
both	[bəuθ]	обидва both… and - як … так і...
chamber	[´t∫eimbə]	камера
considerable	[kən´sidərəbl]	значний
depend on	[di´pend]	залежити від
discharge	[dis´t∫a:dƷ]	виділяти
estimate	[´estimeit]	оцінювати
exertion	[ig´zə:∫(ə)n]	напруження, зусилля
per		в , за
prolong	[prə´lבŋ]	продовжувати
pump	[pΛmp]	насос, накачувати
rate	[reit]	частота, швидкість
total	[təutl]	загальний
wave	[weiv]	хвиля

Exercise 2. Read the following word-combinations and translate them:

Exertion: physical exertion, mental exertion, considerable exertion, extreme exertion, on exertion

Rate: heartbeat rate, pulse rate, death rate, birth rate, respiration rate, recovery rate

Considerable: considerable attention, considerable danger, considerable discomfort, considerable weight, considerable pressure, considerable effort

Total: total area, total immunity, total loss, total size, total duration, total increase

Exercise 3. Translate the following word combinations into your native language:

Total weight of blood; the rate of contractions; research work; a wave of contraction; on physical exertion; pulmonary arteries; to discharge out blood; final portion; systemic circulation; pulmonary circulation; to estimate the number of cells

Exercise 4.