(Down, by, to, of, at, in, on, with)

1. Periodontitis as a manifestation … systemic diseases often begins … a young age.

2. The toxins stimulate a chronic inflammatory response in which the body … essence turns … itself, and the tissues and bone that support the teeth are broken … and destroyed.

3. This is the most frequently occurring form … periodontitis and is characterized … pocket formation.

4. It is prevalent … adults, but can occur … any age.

5. It begins when the bacteria … plaque causes the gums … become inflamed.

Exercise 9. Translate into English:

1. Токсини, продуковані бактеріями нальоту подразнюють десна.

2. Захворювання періодонту може вразити один чи кілька зубів.

3. Хроничний періодонтит є найбільш розповсюдженою формою та характеризується

формуванням карманів або зниженням десни.

4. Періодонтит як проява системного захворювання може початися у молодому віцію

5. У наслідок гінгівиту, десна робляться почервонілими, опухлими та легко кровоточять.

Exercise 10. Give a summary of the text.

TEST

1. Gingivitis is often caused by …. oral hygiene.

a) deficient

b) insufficient

c) bad

d) inadequate

e) abnormal

2. Common features include … attachment loss and bone destruction and familial aggregation.

a) fast

b) rapid

c) quick

d) prompt

e) swift

3. Periodontitis as a … of systemic diseases often begins at a young age.

a) publication

b) embodiment

c) sign

d) demonstration

e) manifestation

4. … gingivitis can advance to periodontitis.

a) Desolate

b)Neglected

c) Shabby

d) Untreated

e) Ulcerative

5. Often, this destructive process has very … symptoms.

a) mild

b) easy

c) slight

d) volatile

e) light

6. Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good oral home ….

a) solicitude

b) looking after

c) care

d) nursing

e) concern

7. As the disease progresses, the pockets … and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed.

a) widen

b) deepen

c) enlarged

d) narrow

e) penetrated

8. Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that … the gums and bone supporting the teeth.

a) effects

b) damages

c) affects

d) injuries

e) destroys

9. The toxins stimulate a chronic inflammatory…. in which the body in essence turns on itself.

a) reaction

b) effect

c) answer

d) process

e) response

10. The tissues and bone that …the teeth are broken down and destroyed.

a) support

b) bear

c) maintain

d) keep up

e) sustain

14. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis лікування виразкового гінгівіту

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:

nourishment [‘nΛri∫mənt], exonerate [ig’zכn(ә)reit], fusospirillary [fju:zou'spaɪ'rɪlələrɪ], slough [slau]

Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary:

Transmission передача

Impaction заклинювання, закупорка

slough away/off сходити, лущитися

ditch виїмка

fusospirillary фузоспірільозний

phagedenic фагеденічний, роз’їдний

onslaught приступ, напад

trench прорізувати, виїмка

exonerate відновити, поновити

Exercise 3. Give Ukrainian equivаlents of the following word combinations:

liberal transmission, food impaction, faulty dental restorations, ditch lip, intense membranous gingivitis, professional tooth cleanup, simple reduction of the bacteria, keeping your lip easily salivated, extensive damage, preventing the initial cause of the condition.

Exercise 4. Read and translate the text: